In-vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin and interferon-alpha against canine distemper virus     

Otávio V. Carvalho  Giuliana L. Saraiva  Caroline G.T. Ferreira  Daniele M. Felix  Juliana L.R. Fietto  Gustavo C. Bressan  Márcia R. Almeida  Abelardo Silva Júnior 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(4):283-289

Canine distemper is a highly contagious disease with high incidence and lethality in the canine population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral action with ribavirin (RBV), interferon-alpha (IFNα), and combinations of RBV and IFNα against canine distemper virus (CDV). Vero cells inoculated with CDV were treated with RBV, IFNα, and combinations of these drugs. The efficacy to inhibit viral replication was evaluated by adding the compounds at different times to determine which step of the viral replicative process was affected. Both drugs were effective against CDV in vitro. The IFNα was the most active compound, with an average IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) value lower than the IC₅₀ of the RBV. Ribavirin (RBV) was more selective than IFNα, however, and neither drug showed extracellular antiviral activity. The combination of RBV and IFNα exhibited antiviral activity for the intra- and extracellular stages of the replicative cycle of CDV, although the intracellular viral inhibition was higher. Both RBV and IFNα showed high antiviral efficacy against CDV, and furthermore, RBV + IFNα combinations have shown greater interference range in viral infectivity. These compounds could potentially be used to treat clinical disease associated with CDV infection.  相似文献   

Characterization of transgenic male sterility in alfalfa   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Daniele Rosellini  Mario Pezzotti  Fabio Veronesi 《Euphytica》2001,118(3):313-319

Dependable male sterility would help to make hybrid cultivar development a reality in alfalfa once higher levels of heterosis are attained. Alfalfa plants obtained by genetic transformation with a construct containing the Barnase gene under the control of a tobacco anther tapetum specific promoter were studied. Vacuolization and degeneration of the tapetal cell cytoplasm at a premeiotic stage of development were observed in all five transformed plants (T₀)examined, but the severity of the abnormalities varied greatly among pollen sacs of a genotype. During the meiotic stage, some pollen sacs showed reduction in size, and the tapetum generally appeared thinner when compared to those of the non transgenic plants; tapetal cells showed abnormal vacuolization and signs of cytoplasm degeneration. Despite this, some microspores were formed and some pollen grains were shed in all the T₀ plants, but these were highly variable in size and had very low in vitro germinability. Self-fertility was negligible. The T₀ plants were crossed with one or two unrelated non transgenic male-fertile plants. Mendelian segregation was observed with two exceptions. Instability of the trait in F₁ progenies was noticed, varying for different T₀ parents. F₁ plants exhibiting higher sterility than the primary transformants were observed, indicating that it should be possible to obtain good male sterile plants by backcrossing this trait into different genetic backgrounds. The possible use of this transgenic male sterility in alfalfa breeding is briefly discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Van Sickle MD  Duncan M  Kingsley PJ  Mouihate A  Urbani P  Mackie K  Stella N  Makriyannis A  Piomelli D  Davison JS  Marnett LJ  Di Marzo V  Pittman QJ  Patel KD  Sharkey KA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):329-332

The presence and function of CB2 receptors in central nervous system (CNS) neurons are controversial. We report the expression of CB2 receptor messenger RNA and protein localization on brainstem neurons. These functional CB2 receptors in the brainstem were activated by a CB2 receptor agonist, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and by elevated endogenous levels of endocannabinoids, which also act at CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors represent an alternative site of action of endocannabinoids that opens the possibility of nonpsychotropic therapeutic interventions using enhanced endocannabinoid levels in localized brain areas.  相似文献   

Application of a low-cost RGB sensor to detect basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) nutritional status at pilot scale level     

Brambilla  Massimo  Romano  Elio  Buccheri  Marina  Cutini  Maurizio  Toscano  Pietro  Cacini  Sonia  Massa  Daniele  Ferri  Serena  Monarca  Danilo  Fedrizzi  Marco  Burchi  Gianluca  Bisaglia  Carlo 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(3):734-753

Precision Agriculture - In this work, basil plants were fertilized with 0, 2.5 mM and 10 mM nitrogen (with different NO3?/NH4+ ratios), and then monitored using a low-power...  相似文献   

Structural basis of silencing: Sir3 BAH domain in complex with a nucleosome at 3.0 Å resolution     

Armache KJ  Garlick JD  Canzio D  Narlikar GJ  Kingston RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6058):977-982

Gene silencing is essential for regulating cell fate in eukaryotes. Altered chromatin architectures contribute to maintaining the silenced state in a variety of species. The silent information regulator (Sir) proteins regulate mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these proteins, Sir3, interacts directly with the nucleosome to help generate silenced domains. We determined the crystal structure of a complex of the yeast Sir3 BAH (bromo-associated homology) domain and the nucleosome core particle at 3.0 angstrom resolution. We see multiple molecular interactions between the protein surfaces of the nucleosome and the BAH domain that explain numerous genetic mutations. These interactions are accompanied by structural rearrangements in both the nucleosome and the BAH domain. The structure explains how covalent modifications on H4K16 and H3K79 regulate formation of a silencing complex that contains the nucleosome as a central component.  相似文献   

Oxytocin selectively gates fear responses through distinct outputs from the central amygdala     

Viviani D  Charlet A  van den Burg E  Robinet C  Hurni N  Abatis M  Magara F  Stoop R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6038):104-107

Central amygdala (CeA) projections to hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei regulate the behavioral and physiological expression of fear, but it is unknown whether these different aspects of the fear response can be separately regulated by the CeA. We combined fluorescent retrograde tracing of CeA projections to nuclei that modulate fear-related freezing or cardiovascular responses with in vitro electrophysiological recordings and with in vivo monitoring of related behavioral and physiological parameters. CeA projections emerged from separate neuronal populations with different electrophysiological characteristics and different response properties to oxytocin. In vivo, oxytocin decreased freezing responses in fear-conditioned rats without affecting the cardiovascular response. Thus, neuropeptidergic signaling can modulate the CeA outputs through separate neuronal circuits and thereby individually steer the various aspects of the fear response.  相似文献   

Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey     

Manarolla G  Liandris E  Pisoni G  Sassera D  Grilli G  Gallazzi D  Sironi G  Moroni P  Piccinini R  Rampin T 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(4):323-327

The causative agents of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds are rarely identified. The aim of this study is to add information about the etiology of avian mycobacteriosis. The identification of mycobacterium species in 27 cases of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a rRNA hypervariable region. Avian mycobacteriosis appeared to be an infrequent diagnosis. Interestingly, a few cases of avian mycobacteriosis were recorded in very young birds. The most commonly affected species were the canary (Serinus canarius), the Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and the red siskin (Spinus cucullatus). All but one bird were infected with Mycobacterium genavense. Mycobacterium avium was identified only in one case.  相似文献   

Simulation of peak-demand hydrographs in pressurized irrigation delivery systems using a deterministic–stochastic combined model. Part I: model development     

Daniele Zaccaria  Nicola Lamaddalena  Christopher M. U. Neale  Gary P. Merkley  Nicola Palmisano  Giuseppe Passarella 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):209-224

This study describes a model named HydroGEN that was conceived for simulating hydrographs of daily volumes and hourly flow rates during peak-demand periods in pressurized irrigation delivery networks with on-demand operation. The model is based on a methodology consisting of deterministic and stochastic components and is composed of a set of input parameters to reproduce the crop irrigation management practices followed by farmers and of computational procedures enabling to simulate the soil water balance and the irrigation events for all cropped fields supplied by each delivery hydrant in a distribution network. The input data include values of weather, crop, and soil parameters, as well as information on irrigation practices followed by local farmers. The resulting model outputs are generated flow hydrographs during the peak-demand period, which allow the subsequent analysis of performance achievable under different delivery scenarios. The model can be applied either for system design or re-design, as well as for analysis of operation and evaluation of performance achievements of on-demand pressurized irrigation delivery networks. Results from application of HydroGEN to a real pressurized irrigation system at different scales are presented in a companion paper (Part II: model applications).  相似文献   

意大利杏遗传育种研究现状     

马小雪  章秋平  刘晶  Bassi Daniele 《北方果树》2022,(3):52-56

意大利地处地中海沿岸,是杏传播途径中一个重要的人工驯化区域,也是欧洲最大的杏生产国。该文根据与意大利多年的学术交流,对意大利及部分其他欧洲国家的杏育种研究现状进行了较为详细的介绍,以期为国内杏育种工作提供借鉴。  相似文献