Environmental quality standards (EQS) applicable to sediment and/or biota   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Ulrich Förstner 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(4):270-270

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Handling missingness when modeling the force of infection from clustered seroprevalence data     

Niel Hens  Christel Faes  Marc Aerts  Ziv Shkedy  Koen Mintiens  Hans Laevens  Frank Boelaert 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2007,12(4):498-513

Modeling infectious diseases data is a relatively young research area in which clustering and stratification are key features. It is not unlikely for these data to have missing values. If values are missing completely at random, the analysis on the complete cases is valid. However, in practice this assumption is usually not fulfilled. This article shows the effect of ignoring missing data in modeling the force of infection of the bovine herpesvirus-1 in Belgian cattle and proposes the use of weighted generalized estimating equations with constrained fractional polynomials as a flexible modeling tool.  相似文献   

Incorporating parameter uncertainty into prediction intervals for spatial data modeled via a parametric variogram     

Fujun Wang  Melanie M. Wall 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2003,8(3):296-309

In spatial predictions, researchers usually treat the estimated theoretical variogram parameters as known without error and ignore the variability of the parameter estimators. Although the prediction is still unbiased, the prediction error is usually underestimated. Therefore, the coverage probability of the prediction interval usually is lower than the nominal probability. A simulation study is performed to show how the coverage probability for prediction relates to the true range and sill of an exponential variogram. This article proposes two parametric bootstrap methods to incorporate the variability of the corresponding parameter estimators. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the coverage probability of these proposed methods. Finally, we apply the parametric bootstrap methods to a real dataset and compare the results with those from naive (i.e., treating estimated parameters as known) and Bayesian methods.  相似文献   

Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah,USA   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

Jayne Belnap 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,35(2):128-135

Biological soil crusts can be the dominant source of N for arid land ecosystems. We measured potential N fixation rates biweekly for 2 years, using three types of soil crusts: (1) crusts whose directly counted cells were >98% Microcoleus vaginatus (light crusts); (2) crusts dominated by M. vaginatus, but with 20% or more of the directly counted cells represented by Nostoc commune and Scytonema myochrous (dark crusts); and (3) the soil lichen Collema sp. At all observation times, Collema had higher nitrogenase activity (NA) than dark crusts, which had higher NA than light crusts, indicating that species composition is critical when estimating N inputs. In addition, all three types of crusts generally responded in a similar fashion to climate conditions. Without precipitation within a week of collection, no NA was recorded, regardless of other conditions being favorable. Low (<1°C) and high (>26°C) temperatures precluded NA, even if soils were moist. If rain or snow melt had occurred 3 or less days before collection, NA levels were highly correlated with daily average temperatures of the previous 3 days (r²=0.93 for Collema crusts; r²=0.86 for dark crusts and r²=0.83 for light crusts) for temperatures between 1°C and 26°C. If a precipitation event followed a long dry period, NA levels were lower than if collection followed a time when soils were wet for extended periods (e.g., winter). Using a combination of data from a recording weather datalogger, time-domain reflectometry, manual dry-down curves, and N fixation rates at different temperatures, annual N input from the different crust types was estimated. Annual N input from dark crusts found at relatively undisturbed sites was estimated at 9 kg ha^-1 year^-1. With 20% cover of the N-fixing soil lichen Collema, inputs are estimated at 13 kg ha^-1 year^-1. N input from light crusts, generally indicating soil surface disturbance, was estimated at 1.4 kg ha^-1 year^-1. The rates in light crusts are expected to be highly variable, as disturbance history will determine cyanobacterial biomass and therefore N fixation rates.  相似文献   

Investigating tropical deforestation using two-stage spatially misaligned regression models     

Deepak K. Agarwal  Alan E. Gelfand  John A. Silander 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2002,7(3):420-439

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Acidic deposition and its effects in southwestern China     

Hans M. Skip  Zhao Dianwu  Xiong Tiling  Zhao Dawei  Thorjørn Larssen  Liao Bohan  Rolf D. Vogt 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):2301-2306

The emissions of SO₂ in China correspond at present to 8–10 TgSyr^?1. The rapid industrialization has caused a dramatic increase in the emissions in recent years and this increase is likely to continue. This paper describes studies of concentrations and effects of acidifying substances in parts of the Guizhou and the Sichuan provinces where the S-emissions are large. A small catchment about 10 km from Guiyang centre was equipped with instruments for studies of soils, soil water and streamwater chemistry. The molar ratio Al/(Ca+Mg) is > 0.8 in soil water in some places. Two small streams have median pH-values about 4.6 and 5.1. Laboratory studies with selected Chinese soils showed that the anion adsorption was low. These studies gave also important information on soil sensitivity. The studies confirm that acid deposition may affect soils in parts of south-western China, but the sensitivity varies dramatically and there is a strong need for more information.  相似文献   

精准农业土壤采样栅格划分方法的研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

王秀  赵春江  孟志军  叶涛  马智宏  薛绪掌 《土壤学报》2005,42(2):199-205

针对精准农业技术应用的日益普及,通过对一个地块土壤养分进行详细栅格采样分析,利用计算机插值的方法对土壤中各种营养元素和微量元素进行了分析。在采样栅格大小不同的条件下,随机选择5个采样点进行插值,分析了5个采样点在不同栅格采样条件下的插值结果。通过插值计算得到土壤中的全氮、速效氮和速效磷随着采样栅格的加大,插值点处的插值误差呈现出加大的趋势,但对于速效钾和其他的微量元素则呈现出与之不同的结论,采样点在田间的分布将直接影响计算机插值计算的分析结果  相似文献   

几种木材表面化学成分分布特征的XPS分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何强  吴春渝  薛丽丹  黄河浪 《贵州林业科技》2011,(2):56-61

本文利用XPS表面分析技术,分析了意杨、红橡、色木、柚木和红檀五种树种木材的表面化学成分特征。结果表明:⑴不同树种木材表面的化学成分存在差异;⑵意杨、红橡、色木、柚木和红檀5个树种木材表面都存在四种结合方式的C;⑶不同树种木材表面的O/C比值和C1/C2比值存在一定的差异。  相似文献   

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dong Fu  Liang Chen  Guohui Yu  Yi Liu  Qiaojun Lou  Hanwei Mei  Liang Xiong  Mingshou Li  Xiaoyan Xu  Lijun Luo 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):209-218

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.  相似文献   

Allele mining and haplotype discovery in barley candidate genes for drought tolerance     

András Cseri  Mátyás Cserháti  Maria von Korff  Bettina Nagy  Gábor V. Horváth  András Palágyi  János Pauk  Dénes Dudits  Ottó Törjék 《Euphytica》2011,181(3):341-356

In the present study, allele mining was conducted on a panel of drought related candidate genes in a set of 96 barley genotypes using EcoTILLING, which is a variant of the targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) technology. Analyzing approximately 1.5 million basepairs in barley a total number of 94 verified unique haplotypes were identified in 18 amplicons designed for 9 genes. Overall, 185 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 46 insertions/deletions (INDELs) were detected with a mean of 1SNP/92 bp and 1INDEL/372 bp genomic sequence. Based on overlapping haplotype sequences, markers were developed for four candidate genes (HvARH1, HvSRG6, HvDRF1, HVA1), which allows distinguishing between the main haplotypes showing either differences in amino acid sequence or which have larger INDELs in the promoter region. As “proof of concept”, the HvARH1 and HvSRG6 haplotypes were tested for the level of abscisic acid-induced gene expression in subsets of genotypes belonging to different haplotype categories. An integrated database was developed to contain information about the genes, genotypes, and haplotypes analyzed in this study. The database supplies profound information about the natural variation in the tested drought related candidate genes providing a significant asset for further mapping studies dealing with this highly polygenic trait.  相似文献