Frequency of spontaneous canine herpesvirus-1 reactivation and ocular viral shedding in latently infected dogs and canine herpesvirus-1 reactivation and ocular viral shedding induced by topical administration of cyclosporine and systemic administration of corticosteroids     

Ledbetter EC  da Silva EC  Kim SG  Dubovi EJ  Schwark WS 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(7):1079-1084

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Pharmacokinetics in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and plasma of ampicillin and pivampicillin administered to horses     

Winther L  Baptiste KE  Friis C 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):111-115

Ampicillin concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and plasma was studied after single intravenous ampicillin administration (15mg/kg) or single intragastric administration of its prodrug, pivampicillin (19.9mg/kg) to horses and discussed in relation to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of common equine respiratory pathogens. After intravenous administration, elimination of ampicillin was fast and not detectable in plasma after 12h in three out of six horses. Pivampicillin was absorbed well in non-fasted horses with an oral bioavailability of 36%. The degree of penetration of ampicillin into PELF, as described by the AUC(PELF)/AUC(plasma) ratio from 0 to 12h was 0.40 after intravenous administration and 1.00 after pivampicillin administration. In horses, ampicillin administered either intravenously or orally, in the form of pivampicillin, can provide clinically relevant drug concentrations in PELF for at least 12h, when treating susceptible equine respiratory pathogens (e.g. streptococci). Treatment of other bacterial pathogens requires susceptibility testing and possibly more frequent dosing, depending of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values.  相似文献   

Effects of 48-hour calf withdrawal on conception rates of Bos indicus cows and calf weaning weights in extensive production systems     

Escrivão RJ  Webb EC  Garcês AP  Grimbeek RJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1779-1782

Sixty multiparous Brahman-type cows were randomly selected in the early postpartum period and equally allocated into a calf removal group (RG) and a non-removal group (NRG). Calves from cows in the RG were removed for 48 h prior to the breeding season and returned afterwards, whereas in the NRG, calves remained with their dams until weaning. Weaning weights were corrected to 205?days. Conception rates (CRs) were 76?% for RG and 55?% for NRG but did not differ (p?>?0.05). CR was correlated with calving to breeding interval and body condition score at the onset of the breeding season. Product-limit survival curves vs breeding to conception interval differed significantly (p?相似文献   

Toxic Elements in Aquatic Sediments: Distinguishing Natural Variability from Anthropogenic Effects     

Aixin Hou  Ronald D. DeLaune  MeiHuey Tan  Margaret Reams  Edward Laws 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,203(1-4):179-191

Regressions of aluminum against potentially toxic elements in the sediments of freshwater aquatic systems in Louisiana were used to distinguish natural variability from anthropogenic pollution when elemental concentrations exceeded screening effects levels. The data were analyzed using geometric mean model II regression methods to minimize, insofar as possible, bias that would have resulted from the use of model I regression. Most cadmium concentrations exceeded the threshold effects level, but there was no evidence of an anthropogenic impact. In Bayou Trepagnier, high concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn appeared to reflect anthropogenic pollution from a petrochemical facility. In Capitol Lake, high Pb concentrations were clearly associated with anthropogenic impacts, presumably from street runoff. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements varied naturally by as much as two orders of magnitude; hence it was important to filter out natural variability in order to identify anthropogenic effects. The aluminum content of the sediment accounted for more than 50% of natural variability in most cases. Because model I regression systematically underestimates the magnitude of the slope of the regression line when the independent variable is not under the control of the investigator, use of model II regression methods in this application is necessary to facilitate hypothesis testing and to avoid incorrectly associating naturally high elemental concentrations with human impacts.  相似文献   

Conyza canadensis seed ascent in the lower atmosphere     

Joseph T. Dauer  David A. Mortensen  Edward C. Luschei  Scott A. Isard  Elson Shields  Mark J. Van-Gessel 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(3-4):526-534

Long-distance dispersal of wind dispersed plant seed is dependent on seeds ascending in the atmosphere's surface boundary layer (SL). However, seed dispersal research often focuses on the near-surface dynamics of abscission and deposition, with little attention paid to seed ascent and transport beyond the surface boundary layer. Our research sought to estimate the vertical seed density flux of Conyza canadensis, a common agricultural weed, in the surface boundary layer. Using a 2.7 ha field infested with Conyza canadensis, the vertical seed concentration profile was measured on 5 days, three times per day while simultaneously monitoring micrometeorological conditions to connect the mechanisms of release with the process of ascent. Vertical seed sampling was conducted from two to six meters above ground level using removable screen frames. Remotely piloted airplanes were used to quantify seed concentration at 68 and 120 m above ground level and provide a connection between near surface dynamics and dynamics higher in the SL. Seed flux density (area under seed concentration curve) decreased with height and decreased from morning to afternoon. The seed flux density was significantly correlated with mean mechanical turbulence and the interaction of mean mechanical and mean thermal turbulence, supporting earlier research of meteorological effects on seed dispersal. While fewer total seeds were collected in the afternoon, more seeds were collected at 68 and 120 m during this period and may suggest more seeds were present in the upper SL where dispersal distance may be greater. Seeds collected above the SL will potentially be carried for hours before descending, depositing seeds in the range of 2–122 m, and influencing a much greater area than seeds unable to ascend through the lower SL. While this range is very wide, the dispersal distances reported herein are several orders of magnitude greater than previously reported for plants. These findings are all the more striking since the study species has evolved resistance to glyphosate herbicide, an herbicide now widely used in soybean, cotton, and corn crops in the US. Therefore, aerial transport of C. canadensis seeds carrying genes coding for glyphosate resistance enables seed to move tens or hundreds of kilometers in a single dispersal event, a spread rate corroborated by number of cases of reported glyphosate resistance occurrences in North America.  相似文献   

Relationship between sugarcane rust severity and soil properties in louisiana     

Johnson RM  Grisham MP  Richard EP 《Phytopathology》2007,97(6):748-755

ABSTRACT The extent of spatial and temporal variability of sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala) infestation was related to variation in soil properties in five commercial fields of sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp., cv. LCP 85-384) in southern Louisiana. Sugarcane fields were grid-soil sampled at several intensities and rust ratings were collected at each point over 6 to 7 weeks. Soil properties exhibited significant variability (coefficients of variation = 9 to 70.1%) and were spatially correlated in 39 of 40 cases with a range of spatial correlation varying from 39 to 201 m. Rust ratings were spatially correlated in 32 of 33 cases, with a range varying from 29 to 241 m. Rust ratings were correlated with several soil properties, most notably soil phosphorus (r = 0.40 to 0.81) and soil sulfur (r = 0.36 to 0.68). Multiple linear regression analysis resulted in coefficients of determination that ranged from 0.22 to 0.73, and discriminant analysis further improved the overall predictive ability of rust models. Finally, contour plots of soil properties and rust levels clearly suggested a link between these two parameters. These combined data suggest that sugarcane growers that apply fertilizer in excess of plant requirements will increase the incidence and severity of rust infestations in their fields.  相似文献   

HIV testing and individual rights     

Mills E  Rennie S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5798):417-9; author reply 417-9

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Comment on "Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates"     

Holmes EC  Lipman DJ  Zamarin D  Yewdell JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5793):1573; author reply 1573

Obenauer et al. (Research Articles, 17 March 2006, p. 1576) reported that the influenza A virus PB1-F2 gene is evolving under strong positive selection, as documented by an extremely high ratio of the number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions to the number of synonymous substitutions (dN/dS). However, we show that this observation is likely to be an artifact related to the location of PB1-F2 in the +1 reading frame of the PB1 gene.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Splenic torsion     

Jaeger GH  Maher E  Simmons T 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(4):501-502

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Serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern Spain     

Solano-Gallego L  Hegarty B  Espada Y  Llull J  Breitschwerdt E 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,118(3-4):274-277

One hundred sixty-eight cat sera from Spain were tested for IgG antibodies to Rickettsia conorii (Rc), Ehrlichia canis (Ec), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap) and Bartonella henselae (Bh) antigens using IFA and for FeLV antigen and FIV antibody by ELISA. For 47 whole blood samples, PCR testing was performed for Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Bartonella. Seroprevalences were: Bh (71.4%), Rc (44%), Ec (11.3%), FeLV (8.5%), FIV (7.4%) and Ap (1.8%). Bh antibodies were associated with seroreactivity to both Ec and Rc antigens. FIV antibodies were associated with illness and cats older than 2 years. Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae (Bcl) DNA was amplified from seven and one sample, respectively.  相似文献