Phenology,parasitism and density dependence of Psyllaephagus bliteus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis     

Cuello  Eliana M.  Andorno  Andrea V.  Hernández  Carmen M.  López  Silvia N. 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(4):561-568

Phytoparasitica - Glycaspis brimblecombei is an invasive insect species that specifically feeds on Eucalyptus leaves. Native from Australia, this species has spread to several countries becoming a...  相似文献   

Performance of Nellore heifers, forage mass, and structural and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha grass in integrated production systems     

Caroline Carvalho de Oliveira  Severino Delmar Junqueira Villela  Roberto Giolo de Almeida  Fabiana Villa Alves  Arthur Behling-Neto  Paulo Gustavo Macedo de Almeida Martins 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):167-172

Our objective was to evaluate production, nutritive value and carrying capacity of piatã grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã), and performance of Nellore heifers in agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS) with three eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) tree densities, during winter, spring, summer, and fall. Three integrated systems were evaluated: ASPS-1 (357 trees ha^?1), ASPS-2 (227 trees ha^?1), and CON (5 trees ha^?1). In each system, two sward heights were evaluated: short and tall. A total of 80 11-month-old Nellore heifers were randomly allocated in a randomized split-plot block, 3?×?2 factorial. Greater dry matter availability was observed on CON pastures during the fall season. Greater percentage of leaf lamina was detected on ASPS-1 with short sward height and greater during summer, compared with other seasons. A greater forage production was observed between tree rows and for tall sward height. Spring was the season with less forage nutritive value. Average daily gain was greater during summer and fall. Gain per hectare and stocking rate were greater on CON system and on ASPS-2. Pastures with short sward height had greater gain per hectare and stocking rate. Agrosilvopastoral systems with intermediate tree density seem to be a good choice for producers willing to diversify their revenue sources without decreasing animal production.  相似文献   

The effect of palm oil addition to the diet of dairy sheep on the immune response     

A. E. Bianchi  V. P. Macedo  M. M. M. F. Duarte  L. S. Lopes  L. M. Stefani  J. Rossett  V. Klauck  W. Radavelli  R. Pazinato  N. B. Bottari  A. S. Da Silva 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(3):446-452

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a diet based on palm oil has any influence on the immune response and on the number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in dairy sheep. To address this issue, 30 ewes in early lactation were confined and divided into three groups (n = 10) receiving a daily isoproteic and isoenergetic diet. Palm oil was added to the feed at different concentrations: 0% (control; group A), 4% (group B) and 6% (group C). The animals were treated with levamisole 10 days before the beginning of the experiment. Faecal samples were collected and analysed for EPG on day zero of the experiment. On days 60 and 120, individual faecal and blood samples were collected, and the FAMACHA^© score for assessing clinical anaemia was carried out. The groups receiving palm oil showed a significant reduction in EPG in relation to the control group (A) on day 120. Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM and IgE) and proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF‐α, IL‐1 and IL‐6) were significantly increased on days 60 and 120 (p < 0.05) in groups B and C. Therefore, these results suggest that palm oil stimulates the immune response in sheep, thus reducing EPG of GIN. The hypothesis that palm oil has direct anthelmintic activity should be tested in future studies.  相似文献   

Possible Relationship Between Performance and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Horses     

Fernando José Gondim  Cláudio César Zoppi  Leonardo dos Reis Silveira  Lúcia Pereira-da-Silva  Denise Vaz de Macedo 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress, antioxidant biomarkers, and performance during a multiday 210-km endurance race. Nine endurance athlete horses participated in this study. Samples were always taken at the same times of day, before the beginning of the race and after every day of competition. Analytic measurements included glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activity, thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARs), and reactive carbonylated derivatives. Competition intensity was low, with an average speed of 12.56 ± 0.9 km/h. Four horses were unable to finish the race because of metabolic problems or fatigue. GR activity increased progressively (P < .001) throughout the competition, and TBARs showed a significant rise compared with baseline values (P < .01) but remained at the same levels throughout the 3 days of competition. Catalase and reactive carbonylated derivatives did not show any significant alterations in any time period. The best performance was obtained from horses who demonstrated higher GR capacity and/or lower TBAR concentration. In conclusion, redox status seems to modulate horses' performance in endurance races, but further studies are needed to better determine the adequate oxidant/antioxidant ratio to acquire optimal performance.  相似文献   

Characterization of a nonfimbrial mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSH) produced by Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis     

Mikcha JM  Freire MG  Macedo ML  Yano T  Piantino Ferreira AJ 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2006,29(5-6):301-314

A nonfimbrial mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSH) with adhesive properties produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was characterized. The MSH was characterized as glycoprotein and consisted of three noncovalently bound subunits of M_r 28, 33 and 40 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. The hemagglutinin was heat-stable and resistant to alkaline (high) or acid (low) pH, however, it was inhibited by proteolytic enzymes, by EDTA and by sodium periodate. Mouse antiserum raised against MSH reacted with the 28 kDa band in immunoblotting, and also inhibited hemagglutination and bacterial adherence to HeLa cells. Electron microscope examinations showed that MSH is not a fimbriae-like structure. MSH and anti-MSH IgG competitively inhibited bacterial adherence to HeLa cells. The immunofluorescence test, using MSH on HeLa cells and specific anti-MSH IgG, supported the view that MSH contributes to adherence of the organism. These results indicate that MSH is a nonfimbrial putative adhesive factor that may mediate the adherence of Salmonella enteritidis to eucaryotic cells.  相似文献   

Insecticidal and antifungal activity of a protein from Pouteria torta seeds with lectin-like properties     

Boleti AP  Freire Md  Coelho MB  Silva Wd  Baldasso PA  Gomes VM  Marangoni S  Novello JC  Macedo ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(7):2653-2658

This paper describes the purification and characterization of a novel protein from the seeds of Pouteria torta (family Sapotaceae). The protein was purified by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange, and reverse phase chromatographies. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein resulted in a single protein band of 14 kDa in the presence and absence of DTT. The lectin-like activity of pouterin was best inhibited by glycoproteins such as fetuin, asialofetuin, heparin, orosomucoid, and ovoalbumin. Pouterin inhibited the growth of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum musae and of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The incorporation of pouterin into an artificial diet (final concentration = 0.12%, w/w) caused 50% mortality in larvae of the insect Callosobruchus maculatus, whereas 0.08% pouterin produced an ED50.  相似文献   

Identification of a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from Pithecellobium dumosum seeds with insecticidal properties and double activity     

Oliveira AS  Migliolo L  Aquino RO  Ribeiro JK  Macedo LL  Andrade LB  Bemquerer MP  Santos EA  Kiyota S  Sales MP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7342-7349

A trypsin inhibitor, PdKI, was purified from Pithecellobium dumosum seeds by TCA precipitation, trypsin-sepharose chromatography, and reversed-phase-HPLC. PdKI was purified 217.6-fold and recovered 4.7%. SDS-PAGE showed that PdKI is a single polypeptide chain of 18.9 kDa and 19.7 kDa by MALDI-TOF. The inhibition on trypsin was stable in the pH range 2-10 and at a temperature of 50 degrees C. The Ki values were 3.56 x 10(-8)and 7.61 x 10(-7) M with competitive and noncompetitive inhibition mechanisms for trypsin and papain, respectively. The N-terminal sequence identified with members of Kunitz-type inhibitors from the Mimosoideae and Caesalpinoideae subfamilies. PdKI was effective against digestive proteinase from Zabrotes subfasciatus, Ceratitis capitata, Plodia interpunctella, Alabama argillaceae, and Callosobruchus maculatus, with 69, 66, 44, 38, and 29% inhibition, respectively. Results support that PdKI is a member of the Kunitz inhibitor family and its insecticidal properties indicate a potent insect antifeedant.  相似文献   

Antioxidant in Mango (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mangifera indica</Emphasis> L.) Pulp     

Rocha Ribeiro SM  Queiroz JH  Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz ME  Campos FM  Pinheiro Sant'ana HM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(1):13-17

This work was carried out to investigate the pulp composition of four mango cultivars (Haden, Tommy Atkins and Ubá) at the ripening stage in relation to three components with antioxidant potential (total phenolics, carotenoids and ascorbic acid). Total phenolic compound content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total carotenoid content by spectrophotometry at 450 nm. The contents of β-carotene and total vitamin C (ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Differences were found among the four mango cultivars in all the components analyzed. The content of phenolic compounds ranged from 48.40 (Haden) to 208.70 mg/100 g (Ubá); total carotenoid from 1.91 (Haden) to 2.63 mg/100 g (Palmer); β-carotene from 661.27 (Palmer) to 2,220 μg/100 g (Ubá) and total ascorbic acid ranged from 9.79 (Tommy Atkins) to 77.71 mg/100 g (Ubá). These results corroborated previous information that mangoes are a good source of antioxidants in human diet.  相似文献   

Prevention of leaf yellowing in Asian soybean rust infected plants is associated with green cotyledon color and the infection index     

Naoki Yamanaka  Noelle Giacomini Lemos  Romina Chávez Jara  Md Motaher Hossain  Kazuhiro Suenaga  Yuichi Yamaoka 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):475-482

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Selection of Al-resistant plants from a sensitive rice cultivar, using somaclonal variation, in vitro and hydroponic cultures     

Véronique Van Sint Jan  Cristiane Costa de Macedo  Jean-Marie Kinet  Jules Bouharmont 《Euphytica》1997,97(3):303-310

A selection procedure is described that isolated Al-resistant individuals from a sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotype. Somaclonal variation was used as the only source of variability and selection pressures were applied at both callus and regenerated plant levels. When 10 week-old, embryo-derived calli were submitted to different Al stresses for a period of 20 weeks. After this in vitro stress period, selected calli were grown during 18 weeks, without selection pressure, on regeneration media. Selection pressures were applied on regenerated plants (R0), and 9 R0 plants which produced seeds were selected. The transmission of the Al-resistant character to the R1, R2, R3 and R4 generations was then investigated, and three plant lines which had an increased percentage of Al-resistant plants till the fourth generation of self-pollination, were identified. One was from a callus maintained on an Al-free medium. The efficiency of in vitro selection pressures was therefore debated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献