RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES DETECTED IN PET RABBITS IN A COMMERCIAL LABORATORY IN EUROPE     

Rachel E. Marschang  Karola Weider  Hanna Erhard  Eva-Maria Klas  Claudia Laik-Schandelmaier 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(4):27-30

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an important cause of disease and mortality in wild and domestic European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) throughout the world. Testing for 2 distinct RHD virus types (RHDV/RHDVa and RHDV2) was carried out on samples collected from 684 rabbits submitted from veterinary practices and private owners throughout Europe between January 2015 and June 2017. Four (0.6%) were positive for RHDV/RHDVa and 257 (37.4%) were positive for RHDV2. RHDV/RHDVa was detected in individual samples from Germany and the Netherlands, while RHDV2 was found in animals from Germany, Great Britain, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Belgium, Austria, Sweden, and Finland.  相似文献   

Fear-related behaviour of dogs in veterinary practice     

Döring D  Roscher A  Scheipl F  Küchenhoff H  Erhard MH 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):38-43

To investigate further the occurrence of fear-related behaviour in dogs in veterinary practice and to evaluate associated factors, 135 dogs were observed under practice conditions within the framework of a standardised test examination and the owners interviewed using a questionnaire. Most dogs exhibited fear reactions, particularly on the examination table, with 78.5% (106/135) categorised as ‘fearful’ based on their behaviour. Unlike weight and castration, age, gender and previous experience were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with fearful behaviour. Male dogs were significantly less ‘fearful’ than females and animals under <2 years were significantly less ‘fearful’ compared with older dogs. Those with only positive previous experiences in veterinary surgeries were significantly less ‘fearful’ than dogs that had a previous negative experience. Fear-related behaviour in veterinary practice is an issue of importance.  相似文献   

Composition and evaluation of a novel web-based decision support system for grape black rot control     

Daniel Molitor  Barbara Augenstein  Laura Mugnai  Pietro Antonello Rinaldi  Jorge Sofia  Bryan Hed  Pierre-Henri Dubuis  Mauro Jermini  Erhard Kührer  Gottfried Bleyer  Lucien Hoffmann  Marco Beyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(4):785-798

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Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on crop yield,nitrogen uptake,carbon and nitrogen balances,as well as soil organic carbon content and dynamics: results from 20 European long-term field experiments of the twenty-first century     

Martin Körschens  Erhard Albert  Martin Armbruster  Dietmar Barkusky  Michael Baumecker  Lothar Behle-Schalk 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1017-1040

Assembled results from 20 European long-term experiments (LTE), mainly from the first decade of the twenty-first century, are presented. The included LTEs from 17 sites are the responsibility of institutional members of the International Working Group of Long-term Experiments in the IUSS. Between the sites, average annual temperatures differ between 8.1 and 15.3°C, annual precipitation between 450 and 1400 mm, and soil clay contents between 3 and 31%. On average of 350 yield comparisons, combined mineral and organic fertilization resulted in a 6% yield benefit compared with mineral fertilization alone; in the case of winter wheat, the smallest effect was 3%, the largest effect, seen with potatoes, was 9%. All unfertilized treatments are depleted in soil organic carbon (SOC), varying between 0.36 and 2.06% SOC. The differences in SOC in unfertilized plots compared with the respective plots with combined mineral (NPK) and organic (10 t ha^?1 farmyard manure) fertilization range between 0.11 and 0.72%, with an average of 0.3% (corresponding to ～15 t ha^?1). Consequently, the use of arable soils for carbon sequestration is limited and of low relevance and merely depleted soils can temporarily accumulate carbon up to their optimum C content.  相似文献   

Humus und Klimaänderung - Ergebnisse aus 15 langjährigen Dauerfeldversuchen     

Martin Körschens  Erhard Albert  Michael Baumecker  Frank Ellmer  Michael Grunert  Sandor Hoffmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1485-1517

Zusammenfassung

Die Quantifizierung des Einflusses von Klimaänderungen auf den Humusgehalt des Bodens ist von großer wirtschaftlicher und wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung. Eine Möglichkeit dieser Quantifizierung besteht in der Auswertung von Dauerfeldversuchen mit der kontinuierlichen Bestimmung des Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffgehaltes von Böden über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Jahrzehnten unter Wahrung des Ceteris-Paribus-Prinzips. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden die Ergebnisse von insgesamt 15 Dauerfeldversuchen an zehn verschiedenen Standorten mit rund 150 unterschiedlichen Düngungsvarianten ausgewertet. Die Versuchsdauer lag mit einer Ausnahme zwischen 40 und 110 Jahren. Die C_org-Daten konnten nahezu lückenlos über einen Zeitraum von jeweils 20 Jahren einbezogen werden. Die N_t-Gehalte wurden in sechs Versuchen berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei allen Prüfgliedern mit kombinierter organisch-mineralischer Düngung in der Größenordnung, wie sie der “guten fachlichen Praxis“ oder auch der Humusbilanzmethode entspricht, keine Verringerung der C_org-Gehalte eingetreten ist. In einigen Fällen waren signifikante Erhöhungen zu verzeichnen. In 11 von 15 Versuchen war auch ohne Düngung oder mit ausschließlicher Mineraldüngung keine Reduzierung und somit keine klimabedingte Verringerung der Humusgehalte im Untersuchungszeitraum nachweisbar. Stattdessen wurde in einigen Fällen eine signifikante Erhöhung gefunden. Auch bei den N_t-Gehalten war in keinem Fall eine signifikante Verringerung festzustellen. Umfangreiche Großzahlanalysen und Dauerfeldversuchsauswertungen anderer Autoren bestätigen uneingeschränkt die Ergebnisse.  相似文献   

Features and applications of a field imaging chlorophyll fluorometer to measure stress in agricultural plants     

Linn  Alexander I.  Zeller  Alexander K.  Pfündel  Erhard E.  Gerhards  Roland 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(3):947-963

Most non-destructive methods for plant stress detection do not measure the primary stress response but reactions of processes downstream of primary events. For instance, the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F_v/F_m, which indicates the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, can be employed to monitor stress originating elsewhere in the plant cell. This article describes the properties of a sensor to quantify herbicide and pathogen stress in agricultural plants for field applications by the F_v/F_m parameter. This dedicated sensor is highly mobile and measures images of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence. Special physical properties of the sensor are reported, and the range of its field applications is defined. In addition, detection of herbicide resistant weeds by employing an F_v/F_m-based classifier is described. The PAM-imaging sensor introduced here can provide in-field estimation of herbicide sensitivity in crops and weeds after herbicide treatment before any damage becomes visible. Limitations of the system and the use of a classifier to differentiate between stressed and non-stressed plants based on sensor data are presented. It is concluded that stress detection by the F_v/F_m parameter is suitable as an expert tool for decision making in crop management.

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Incidence of Viruses Infecting Allium Spp. in Greece     

Crisostomos I. Dovas  Efstathios Hatziloukas  Raphael Salomon  Erhard Barg  Yoel Shiboleth  Nikolaos I. Katis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):677-684

A survey identified viruses infecting garlic, leek and onion crops and wild Allium species in Greece. Virus identification was based on ELISA, immunoelectron microscopy, and occasionally on RT-PCR. Samples of cultivated Allium species were collected from five districts, whereas samples of twenty-seven wild Allium species were also collected from all over Greece. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) were identified in 98.5% and 83.7% of all samples, respectively, and were found in all regions. Allexiviruses were also detected in all regions and their incidence ranged from 62.5% to 70.5% (depending on region and type of allexivirus). Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) was detected in samples from Arcadia (97.6%) and Evia (18.0%) and in one field in Larissa (23.0%). Shallot latent virus (SLV) was found only in two areas (Evros and Theva) and in fields planted with imported propagative material, from Iran and China. The incidence of virus-like symptoms in leek crops ranged from 10.0% to 90.0% in different regions and fields and all symptomatic plants were found to be infected by LYSV. Onion yellow dwarf virus was only found in seven symptomatic onion samples from southern Greece. Allium ampeloprasum spp. ampeloprasum and Allium flavum, were the only wild Allium species found to be infected with LYSV. Finally Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was found in A. sphaerocephalon, A. guttatum, A. subhirsutum, and A. neapolitanum.  相似文献   

Die Molybdänversorgung der Thüringer Böden und der Einfluß einer Molybdändüngung auf Ertrag,Rohprotein- und Mineralstoffgehalt von Luzerne     

Karl-Heinz Müller  Erhard Wuth  Bodo Witter  Richard Ebeling  Werner Bergmann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4-5):353-373

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Die Anlage mehrfaktorieller Versuche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Mechanisierung des Feldversuchswesens     

Erhard Thomas 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):665-680

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Natural dust and acid rain     

Erhard M. Winkler 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1976,6(2-4):295-302

Atmospheric dust originates from three sources: terrestrial airborne matter, volcanic, and cosmic. Terrestrial natural dust makes up the main bulk reflecting the soil composition to 150 mi away. Soil erosion from flood plains, plowed fields and construction sites is the main source. Quartz, feldspar, the carbonates calcite and dolomite, and clay minerals are the components in decreasing order of frequency. Natural dust in the atmosphere interacts with rainwater converting the carbonates to benign gypsum (CaSO₄.2H₂0). Naturally leached soils produce less calcite than unweathered sediments on flood plains and construction sites, and in granitic and crystalline rocks less than in limestone areas. Heavy industrialization associated with high emission of C0₂ and S0₂ on the one hand, and excess production of dust on the other appears to counteract man's interference with natural ecosystems in the opposite direction.  相似文献