Yield Stability in Faba Bean,Vicia faba L. 1. Variation Among Inbred Lines*     

W. Link  D. Stelling  E. Ebmeyer 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(1):24-29

Cultivation of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) is hampered by poor yield stability. The genetic variation at the homozygous level for yield stability in the gene pool of the small-seeded and indeterminate European faba beans and the usefulness of auxiliary traits for the improvement of yield stability were investigated. The concept of stability, based on the regression technique, was applied. A sample of 36 faba bean lines was tested in 16 environments and a subsample of eight lines was tested in 11 additional environments. Significant differences were found between lines for yield stability parameters, but the repeatability of the results was limited. Early maturity correlated markedly (r = 0.51^**) with one of the yield stability parameters (deviation from regression). Although lodging resistance was not correlated with the stability parameters, it proved to be a safety factor for performance.  相似文献   

Yield Stability in Faba Bean,Vicia faba L. 2. Effects of Heterozygosity and Heterogeneity*     

D. Stelling  E. Ebmeyer  W. Link 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(1):30-39

In order to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity and heterozygosity on yield stability in faba beans, genotypes were generated with contrasting population structures, differing only in their levels of heterogeneity and heterozygosity. All entries were based on either eight or 36 inbred lines, respectively. The population structures tested consisted of pure stands of the inbred lines (1) and of their F₁,-hybrids (2), blends of the inbred lines (3) and of their F₁ hybrids (4), four-component synthetics in different Syngenerations (5), the open-pollinated source varieties (6) and 36 polycross progenies (7). Five different entry sets (= data sets), each covering several of the seven population structures listed, were grown during 1986 to 1991 in at least four different environments in Western Germany and tested for yield. Stability parameters, i.e., the regression coefficient and deviation from regression (EBERHART and RUSSELL 1966), and the ecovalence (WRICKE 1962), revealed that yield stability of the different population structures was improved by increasing heterozygosity as well as heterogeneity. But the impact of both factors of diversity on yield stability varied between the different data sets. Positive effects of both factors on yield stability seemed to be additively combined in the hybrid blends (data set I). The same proved to be partly true for the four different Syn-generations of the nine synthetics tested. Yield advantage of the different heterozygous variety structures over the homozygous ones in creased with increasing yield level at test sites, as indicated by regression coefficients larger than 1.  相似文献   

Chemische und mikrobiologische Veränderungen in einem Rigosol nach mineralischer Düngung im langjährigen Feldversuch und kurzzeitigen aeroben Inkubationsversuch     

Liliane Schmitt  Karl Müller  Erhard Ahrens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1991,154(3):189-194

Chemical and microbiological changes in a Rigosole after mineral fertilization in long-term field experiments and short-term aerobic incubation trials A sandy clay loam which often showed priming effects in a differently fertilized (control, 120 kg N/ha, 240 kg N/ha) long-term field experiment, was aerobicly incubated (25°C) and analysed for chemical and microbial parameters. The total nitrogen and C_org contents in the 240 kg N/ha treatment were markedly lower than in the unfertilized as well as in the 120 kg N/ha treatment. Long-term fertilization with 240 kg N/ha increased the dehydrogenase activity by about 34% in comparison to the control and about 54% to the 120 kg N/ha variant and enhanced the population of amino acid ammonifying and proteolytic bacteria. After analogous fertilization in model trials, positive as well as negative priming effects were shown. Thereby no linear dependence occurred in relation to the amount of nitrogen added. The effects on biological criteria were similar both under laboratory conditions as well as in long-term field experiments. The total nitrogen and C_org contents of humus fractions partly showed differences in dependence on fertilization.  相似文献   

Einfluß der Berechnungsbasis auf die Interpretation von Daten zum Corg-und Nt-Umsatz bei Rotteprozessen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einsatzes von Zuschlagstoffen     

Thomas Dewes  Erhard Ahrens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(1):1-6

Influence of the calculation basis on the interpretation of C_org and N_t data in decomposing processes of organic materials with particular regard to the use of additives The suitability of the parameters fresh matter (FM), dry matter (DM) and ash as a basis of calculation in the interpretation of changes in C_org and N_t contents are discussed from model experiments with cattle slurry and forest litter. Total ash which remains constant is well suited to give information about the absolute changes in C_org and N_t. The addition of bentonite to both slurry and litter revealed that the use of additives which affect the FM:DM:ash ratio in the decomposing material may lead to misinterpretations. Appropriate formulas are suggested for mathematical correction of these parameters accounting for the effect of additives.  相似文献   

The odor of origin: kinship and geographical distance are reflected in the marking pheromone of male beewolves (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Philanthus triangulum</Emphasis> F., Hymenoptera,Crabronidae)     

Martin Kaltenpoth  Johannes Kroiss  Erhard Strohm 《BMC ecology》2007,7(1):11

Background  

Pheromones play an important role for mate finding and courtship in many insects. In species where males are the signaling sex, females are expected to choose among potential mates with regard to the emitter's quality and/or genetic compatibility. One important aspect is the balance between negative and positive effects of in- vs. outbreeding. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential of the territory marking pheromone of European beewolves as an indicator for genetic compatibility in the context of female choice.  相似文献   

Vermehrung,Interferenz und Interferoninduktion aviärer Herpesvirusarten: Beitrag zur Schutzimpfung gegen die Mareksche Krankheit     

Erhard F. Kaleta 《Zoonoses and public health》1977,24(6):429-475

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Vermehrung,Interferenz und Interferoninduktion aviärer Herpesvirusarten: Beitrag zur Schutzimpfung gegen die Mareksche Krankheit 1. Mitteilung: Literaturübersicht*     

Erhard F. Kaleta 《Zoonoses and public health》1977,24(5):406-428

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Die Varianzanalyse mehrfaktorieller Versuche     

Erhard Thomas 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):757-767

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Investigation on the immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in newborn piglets by use of three different ELISA tests     

Pausenberger A  Schuster K  Erhard MH 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》2012,40(2):77-84

Objective of the study was to evaluate whether the Colostrum Quality Counter (CQC), a new test method for immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in newborn piglets, is easy to handle and provides comparable results to established testing regimes. Material and methods: Blood samples from 219 piglets from four different farms were tested for their IgG-concentrations using three different ELISA tests. Furthermore, double samples from 30 piglets were taken from both the anterior vena cava and from the tail to determine whether the collection site affects the results. The three tests used were the Colostrum Quality Counter (CQC; FarmulaONE, NL-Best), the internal IgG-ELISA from our laboratory (MUC) and a commercially-available IgG-ELISA (NAT; NatuTec, Frankfurt/Main, Germany). Results: MUC and NAT showed a higher correlation to each other than to the CQC when referring to the individual results per single piglet. The results from the CQC were higher and the standard deviation was significantly greater. The sampling site had no significant effect on the IgG concentrations measured. Clinical relevance: The CQC is a straightforward and simple test, being very convenient for sampling a large number of piglets. CQC results were inhomogeneous with some unusually high IgG-concentrations. MUC and NAT provided comparable results to one another and the IgG-concentrations showed a good correlation.  相似文献   

Prevalence, serovars, phage types, and antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella strains isolated from animals in the United Arab Emirates from 1996 to 2009     

Münch S  Braun P  Wernery U  Kinne J  Pees M  Flieger A  Tietze E  Rabsch W 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1725-1738

The aim of this study was to give some insights into the prevalence, serovars, phage types, and antibiotic resistances of Salmonella from animal origin in the United Arab Emirates. Data on diagnostic samples from animals (n?=?20,871) examined for Salmonella between 1996 and 2009 were extracted from the databases of the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory in Dubai and from typed strains (n?=?1052) from the Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch in Germany and analyzed for general and animal-specific trends. Salmonella was isolated from 1,928 (9 %) of the 20,871 samples examined. Among the 1,052 typed strains, most were from camels (n?=?232), falcons (n?=?166), bustards (n?=?101), antelopes (n?=?66), and horses (n?=?63). The predominant serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (25 %), Salmonella Kentucky (8 %), followed by Salmonella Frintrop (7 %), and Salmonella Hindmarsh (5 %). When analyzed by animal species, the most frequent serovars in camels were Salmonella Frintrop (28 %) and Salmonella Hindmarsh (21 %), in falcons Salmonella Typhimurium (32 %), in bustards Salmonella Kentucky (19 %), in antelopes Salmonella Typhimurium (9 %), and in horses Salmonella Typhimurium (17 %) and S. Kentucky (16 %). Resistance of all typed Salmonella strains (n?=?1052) was most often seen to tetracycline (23 %), streptomycin (22 %), nalidixic acid (18 %), and ampicillin (15 %). These data show trends in the epidemiology of Salmonella in different animal species which can be used as a base for future prevention, control, and therapy strategies.  相似文献