Plant oils' inclusion in high fish meal‐substituted diets: effect on digestion and nutrient absorption in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)     

Ester Santigosa  Irene García‐Meilán  Juana Maria Valentín  Isabel Navarro  Jaume Pérez‐Sánchez  Maria Ángeles Gallardo 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):962-974

Here, we performed an 11‐week trial to study the effects of four experimental diets on the digestion, nutrient absorption and intestinal histology of gilthead sea bream. The diets were formulated with a low fish meal content (25%) and were rich (75%) in plant proteins. Fish oil (FO) was replaced at 0%, 33%, 66% and 100% by graded levels of a blend of vegetable oils (VO) (diets FO, 33VO, 66VO and 100VO respectively). Protease activity increased in the pyloric caeca (PC) and decreased in the proximal intestine (PI) of the 66 and 100VO groups, while lipase and α‐amylase activities were not modified by VO. The capacity of brush‐border membrane vesicles obtained from PC, PI and distal intestine to absorb amino acids was not modified, but d ‐glucose and linoleic acid absorption diminished when VO was included in the diets. In summary, these results show that when 75% of protein is provided by vegetable sources in the diet of gilthead sea bream, up to 66% of FO can be replaced by a blend of VO without compromising digestive processes. Only the total replacement of VO results in an impaired digestion, with reduced total protease activity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the enterocytes of the PI.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Xylella fastidiosa Strains from Citrus and Coffee Hosts by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers     

Wickert E  Machado MA  Lemos EG 《Phytopathology》2007,97(12):1543-1549

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain information about genetic diversity and make some inferences about the relationship of 27 strains of Xylella fastidiosa from different hosts and distinct geographical areas. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers were identified in DNA sequences from 16 distinct regions of the genome of 24 strains of X. fastidiosa from coffee and citrus plants. Among the Brazilian strains, coffee-dependent strains have a greater number of SNPs (10 to 24 SNPs) than the citrus-based strains (2 to 12 SNPs); all the strains were compared with the sequenced strain 9a5c. The identified SNP markers were able to distinguish, for the first time, strains from citrus plants and coffee and showed that strains from coffee present higher genetic diversity than the others. These markers also have proven to be efficient for discriminating strains from the same host obtained from different geographic regions. X. fastidiosa, the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis, possesses genetic diversity, and the SNP markers were highly efficient for discriminating genetically close organisms.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and choleretic properties of Raphanus sativus L. sprout (Kaiware Daikon) extract     

Barillari J  Cervellati R  Costa S  Guerra MC  Speroni E  Utan A  Iori R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(26):9773-9778

Brassica vegetables and glucosinolates contained therein are supposed to reduce the risk of cancer and to possess health-promoting properties. The benefits of a Brassica-based diet may be particularly expressed by eating sprouts, in which the glucosinolate content is higher than in mature vegetables. With this in mind, a first objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts (Kaiware Daikon) extract (KDE), in which the glucosinolate glucoraphasatin (GRH), showing some antioxidant activity, is present at 10.5% w/w. The contribution of GRH to KDE's antioxidant activity was considered in two chemical assays (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and Briggs-Rauscher methods). The total phenol assay by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was performed to quantify the reducing capacity of KDE. Finally, on the basis of the putative choleretic properties of antioxidant plant extracts, the effect on the bile flow of KDE administration was investigated in an animal experimental model. The findings showed that KDE has antioxidant properties and significantly induced bile flow in rats administered 1.5 g/kg of body weight for 4 consecutive days.  相似文献   

An exploration of wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica oleracea</Emphasis> L. germplasm in Northern Spain     

César?Gómez-CampoEmail author  Itziar?Aguinagalde  José?L.?Ceresuela  Almudena?Lázaro  Juan?B.?Martínez-Laborde  Mauricio?Parra-Quijano  Ester?Simonetti  Elena?Torres  María?E.?Tortosa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(1):7-13

An intense exploration of the Spanish Cantabrian coast for the presence or absence of wild Brassica oleracea L., yielded 24 new localities to be added to the 21 previously known. Of the resulting 45 localities, 22 correspond to Asturias, 11 to Cantabria and 12 to the Basque Country. Data on the habitat requirements of this plant have been annotated, the conservation status of each population has been estimated and seed samples have been collected for long-term preservation. As a whole, wild B. oleracea is not threatened in Northern Spain, but some populations and/or sub-populations are at risk either because of their small size or some detectable human impact.  相似文献   

Genome of the host-cell transforming parasite Theileria annulata compared with T. parva     

Pain A  Renauld H  Berriman M  Murphy L  Yeats CA  Weir W  Kerhornou A  Aslett M  Bishop R  Bouchier C  Cochet M  Coulson RM  Cronin A  de Villiers EP  Fraser A  Fosker N  Gardner M  Goble A  Griffiths-Jones S  Harris DE  Katzer F  Larke N  Lord A  Maser P  McKellar S  Mooney P  Morton F  Nene V  O'Neil S  Price C  Quail MA  Rabbinowitsch E  Rawlings ND  Rutter S  Saunders D  Seeger K  Shah T  Squares R  Squares S  Tivey A  Walker AR  Woodward J  Dobbelaere DA  Langsley G  Rajandream MA  McKeever D  Shiels B  Tait A  Barrell B  Hall N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):131-133

Theileria annulata and T. parva are closely related protozoan parasites that cause lymphoproliferative diseases of cattle. We sequenced the genome of T. annulata and compared it with that of T. parva to understand the mechanisms underlying transformation and tropism. Despite high conservation of gene sequences and synteny, the analysis reveals unequally expanded gene families and species-specific genes. We also identify divergent families of putative secreted polypeptides that may reduce immune recognition, candidate regulators of host-cell transformation, and a Theileria-specific protein domain [frequently associated in Theileria (FAINT)] present in a large number of secreted proteins.  相似文献   

Agroforestry training and education at ICRAF: accomplishments and challenges     

Ester Zulberti 《Agroforestry Systems》1987,5(3):353-374

This article is a review of ICRAF's efforts over the past six years to strengthen the capability of national institutions in developing countries for the diagnosis of land management problems, identification of agroforestry potentials and research priorities, and design of appropriate agroforestry systems. The article highlights the development of the programme structure and organization as well as the main accomplishments. The evolution of the focus of T&E in support of ICRAF's collaborative research activities is based on the conviction that it is mainly by strengthening national research capabilities that appropriate agroforestry technology will be generated in response to countries' needs.Since 1982, the Council has organized seven international training courses which were held in Kenya as well as regionally and in-country; twenty-two resident trainees completed 3- to 6-month internships at ICRAF and project sites; and four research fellows/visiting scientists undertook long-term agroforestry research alongside ICRAF's multidisciplinary team, bringing the total number of researchers directly trained by ICRAF to over 250. Training modules and training materials were also developed to be used by other institutions in teaching agroforestry-related topics.Principal Training Officer, ICRAF  相似文献   

Agroforestry education and training: an African experience     

Ester Zulberti 《Agroforestry Systems》1990,12(1):71-79

Regional/Country Report

Agroforestry education and training: an African experience  相似文献   

Agroforestry education and training programs: an overview     

Ester Zulberti 《Agroforestry Systems》1990,12(1):13-40

Agroforestry has been incorporated in education and training programs at an unprecedented level since 1982. A survey of educational institutions conducted by ICRAF in 1987 revealed that agroforestry is found as an option for specialization in undergraduate as well as in postgraduate M.Sc, diploma programs in forestry, agriculture, natural resources, and others. Courses and special seminars in agroforestry are organized in degree programs. Full undergraduate and postgraduate programs in agroforestry are being formulated and implementation started in quite a few universities, and many students are choosing agroforestry-oriented research projects for their dissertations. A good setting for higher degree training in agroforestry requires, however, staffing from combined faculties of at least agriculture, animal science and forestry; faculty commitment to a farming systems approach; and inter-departmental cooperation in teaching and research. It was difficult to asses whether these and other elements are present in existing programs where agroforestry has been incorporated. Emerging trends indicate that traditional forestry programs are broadening the scope of the discipline (from forests to integrated land-use systems) while agriculturists are recognizing that trees play important roles as soil improvers and protectors, fodder, food, fuel and other domestic and commercial purposes. New institutional structures are evolving to allow for educational programs with coursework and research projects spanning many disciplines. Nondegree training in agroforestry has seen an upsurge of activities equal, if not larger, to that in education. Attempts are being made by different institutions worldwide to inventory training opportunities; still the collection and dissemination of information is difficult. Efforts are needed at the international, regional, and national levels, to address training issues that if addressed collectively can improve the quality and effectiveness of human resource development efforts. ICRAF's approach to promote agroforestry research through education and training is an example of an action program currently under application.  相似文献   

State of the art regarding carrot fly control in practice and possibilities in the future for Western and Northern Europe1     

A. Ester  K. Van Rozen 《EPPO Bulletin》2009,39(2):138-142

The carrot fly (Psila rosae) is a major pest of umbelliferous crops, particularly in carrot production. This pest is present in temperate regions of Northern and Western Europe and also in the warm and dry climate of Central and Southern Europe. Currently, control strategies are limited and there may be a bottleneck of pest control solutions in the future. In practice, growers in the Netherlands mainly rely on a commercial, supervised control system which monitors the carrot fly population pressure. Possibilities to control the carrot fly after exceeding an economical threshold are reduced due to a lack of efficient chemical insecticides. Another option is the use of seed treatment to protect the carrots against the larvae developed from the first flight of the carrot flies for 12–14 weeks after sowing. The state of the art of the carrot fly pest and control possibilities are hereby discussed. Bottlenecks in control of carrot flies are highlighted and described.  相似文献   

Abstracts of papers presented at a Meeting on Control of Vertebrate Pests Abstracts of papers presented at the 2nd Meeting on Whiteflies in Field Crops and Vegetables     

S. Suaretz  S. Moran  S. Sofer  M. Cohen  M. N. Egyed  A. S. Perry  M. J. Berlinger  R. Dahan  Ester Urkin-Shevach  D. Gerling  R. Horowitz  U. Mor  H. Oren  O. Elsner  G. Stern  Erna Lubenskaya  D. Rimon  Ilana Kaganovski  Leviah Altachan  I. Ishaaya  K. R. S. Ascher 《Phytoparasitica》1983,11(1):59-67

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