Cellular stress marker alteration and inflammatory response in pigs fed with an ochratoxin contaminated diet     

Chiara Bernardini  Ester Grilli  Johanna Catharina Duvigneau  Augusta Zannoni  Benedetta Tugnoli  Fabio Gentilini  Terenzio Bertuzzi  Silvia Spinozzi  Cecilia Camborata  Maria Laura Bacci  Andrea Piva  Monica Forni 《Research in veterinary science》2014

Aim of this study was to characterize the effects of an ochratoxin A (181 ± 34 ng/g) contaminated diet on growth performances, blood parameters, systemic cytokine levels, cell stress markers and reactivity of immune system of weaned pigs.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary soybean meal levels on growth, feed utilization and gut histology of Egyptian sole (Solea aegyptiaca) juveniles     

Alessio Bonaldo  Andries J. Roem  Ester Grilli 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):580-586

The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of a dietary incorporation of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut histology of Egyptian sole Solea aegyptiaca. This species, which is genetically and morphologically close to Solea solea, is currently present in the Mediterranean Sea and reared in some Italian farms, using the same techniques for S. solea production and it could represent a promising new species for Mediterranean aquaculture.Three isoproteic and isolipidic extruded diets (crude protein, 47%, crude fat, 20%) were formulated containing 0 (diet 1), 18 (diet 2) and 30% SBM (diet 3). 540 juveniles (initial body weight of 6.9 ± 0.2 g) were equally distributed into nine 150 l squared tanks (bottom surface: 520 cm²) connected with a recirculation system (temperature 20 ± 1 °C and dissolved oxygen above 6 ppm). Animals have been hand-fed twice a day (at 9.00 a.m. and 5.00 p.m.) at a daily ratio of 1.5% body weight^− 1. Diets were tested in triplicate for 87 days. The fish were weighed at days 28, 57 and 87, and they were sampled at days 0, 57 and 87 for nutrient retention determination. One-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls' post-test were used to analyze data (P ≤ 0.05).No differences in terms of palatability were observed and any diet has been consumed completely all throughout the experiment. At day 87, fish fed diet 1, 2 and 3 reached weights of 25.8 ± 0.8 g, 27.5 ± 0.9 g and 26.1 ± 1.5 g, respectively and no differences in performances or nutrient retention were found.Histopathological gut examinations have revealed no noticeable differences in the appearances of the intestines between any of diet groups. Intestinal mucosal cells presented well vacuolated upper, with well defined microvillar brush borders. On the basis of the results of this trial, SBM seems to be a good protein source for Egyptian sole and can be added in the diet up to 30% without any reduction in growth rate and no adverse effect on gut histology.  相似文献   

Avoidable damage assessment of forest fires in European countries: an efficient frontier approach     

Ester Gutiérrez  Sebastián Lozano 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(1):9-21

The purpose of this research is to study the avoidable damage from forest fires in the most affected European Union (EU) Member States (MS) using a quantitative model based on a non-parametric efficient frontier technique, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA). The procedure allows the comparison of forest fire damage in EU countries by computing relative efficiency scores and quantifying improvement targets. The proposed DEA model evaluates a slacks-based measure of efficiency and considers two non-discretionary variables (the forest area of the countries and fire weather index). Data from the most affected EU countries over the period 2005–2010 have been used. An input-oriented model has been considered in order to take into account the number of fire events and total burned area as the fire management targets. The study finds evidence that there is a considerable excess of forest area affected by fire in most of the EU countries. The empirical results also suggest that the mean relative damage efficiency in Southern European MS and Other MS is not significantly different. From the efficiency scores, different clusters, with clear characteristic features, emerge. The next step is to extend the best practices of the efficient EU countries.  相似文献   

Heme oxygenase-1 activity is involved in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL/6 and in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice     

Ester CB Araujo  Bellisa F Barbosa  Loyane B Coutinho  Paulo VC Barenco  Luciana A Sousa  Cristiane M Milanezi  Giuliano Bonfá  Wander R Pavanelli  Jo?o S Silva  Eloisa AV Ferro  Deise AO Silva  Jair P Cunha-Junior  Neide M Silva 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):89

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catabolizes free heme, which induces an intense inflammatory response. The expression of HO-1 is induced by different stimuli, triggering an anti-inflammatory response during biological stress. It was previously verified that HO-1 is able to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is induced by IFN-γ in Toxoplasma gondii infection. To verify the role of HO-1 during in vivo T. gondii infection, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with the ME49 strain and treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) or hemin, which inhibit or induce HO-1 activity, respectively. The results show that T. gondii infection induced high levels of HO-1 expression in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. The animals treated with ZnPPIX presented higher parasitism in the lungs of both lineages of mice, whereas hemin treatment decreased the parasite replication in this organ and in the small intestine of infected C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii and treated with hemin showed higher levels of IDO expression in the lungs and small intestine than uninfected mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 activity is involved in the control of T. gondii in the lungs of both mouse lineages, whereas the hemin, a HO-1 inducer, seems to be involved in the control of parasitism in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.  相似文献   

Race 2.5, a new race of Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) on tomato   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Laterrot  M. Gerlagh  A. Ester  L. Stamova 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1985,91(1):45-47

Samenvatting VanCladosporium fulvum, de veroorzaker van bladvlekkenziekte van tomaat, zijn talrijke fysio's bekend. Van tomaterassen met resistentiegen Cf5 werd, zowel bij materiaal uit Bulgarije als uit Frankrijk, een nieuw fysio, 2.5, geïsoleerd. Dit bezit naast het noodzakelijke virulentiegen 5 ook het overbodige gen 2. Dit is wéér een voorbeeld van afwezigheid van stabilising selection.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity,colony morphology and diversity of isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Guignardia citricarpa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">G. mangiferae</Emphasis> isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus</Emphasis> spp.     

Ricardo B. Baldassari  Ester Wickert  Antonio de Goes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(2):103-110

In the present study, the pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Guignardia species isolated from asymptomatic ‘Tahiti’ acid lime fruit peels and leaves, ‘Pêra-Rio’ sweet orange leaves and fruit peel lesions, and a banana leaf were characterized. For pathogenicity testing, discs of citrus leaves colonized by Phyllosticta citricarpa under controlled laboratory conditions were kept in contact with the peels of fruit that were in susceptible states. In addition, pathogenicity was related to morphological characteristics of colonies on oatmeal (OA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). This allowed the morphological differentiation between G. citricarpa and G. mangiferae. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were also used to identify non-pathogenic isolates based on primers specific to G. citricarpa. A total of 14 pathogenic isolates were detected during pathogenicity tests. Five of these were obtained from leaf and fruit tissues of the ‘Tahiti’, which until this time had been considered resistant to the pathogen. Given that the G. citricarpa obtained from this host was pathogenic, it would be more appropriate to use the term insensitive rather than resistant to categorize G. citricarpa. A non-pathogenic isolate was obtained from lesions characteristic of citrus black spot (CBS), indicating that isolation of Guignardia spp. under these conditions does not necessarily imply isolation of pathogenic strains. This also applied to Guignardia spp. isolates from asymptomatic citrus tissues. Using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) markers, typically pathogenic isolates were shown to be more closely related to one another than to the non-pathogenic forms, indicating that the non-pathogenic isolates display higher levels of genetic diversity.  相似文献   

Genetic inbreeding depression load for fertility traits in Pura Raza Española mares     

Davinia I Perdomo-Gonzlez  Antonio Molina  María J Snchez-Guerrero  Ester Bartolom  Luis Varona  Mercedes Valera 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(12)

Fertility is a key factor in the economic success of horse farms. However, it has received little attention due to the difficulty of measuring fertility objectively. Since its studbook creation (1912), the Pura Raza Española (PRE) breed has been a closed population and become high in-bred resulting in inbreeding depression (poor phenotypic values). Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects of inbreeding depression have been detected among founders and nonfounders. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the genetic parameters for reproductive traits in mares of the PRE horse breed and (2) to estimate, for the first time, the inbreeding depression load associated with common ancestors of the breed. A total of 22,799 mares were analyzed. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.05 (interval between first and second foaling) to 0.16 (age at first foaling), whereas inbreeding depression load ratios ranged from 0.06 (parturition efficiency at 6th foaling) to 0.17 (age at first foaling), for a partial inbreeding coefficient of 10%. Although heritability is related to the variability expressed in the population, inbreeding depression load ratios measure the potential variability, whether expressed in the population or not. Most correlations between additive and inbreeding depression load genetic values were significant (P < 0.001) and of low to moderate magnitude. Our results confirm that individual inbreeding depression loads allow us to select horses that have a genetic value resistant to the deleterious effects of inbreeding.  相似文献   

Benthic food webs support the production of sympatric flatfish larvae in estuarine nursery habitat          下载免费PDF全文

Ester Dias  Pedro Morais  Ana M. Faria  Carlos Antunes  Joel C. Hoffman 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(4):507-512

Identifying nursery habitats is of paramount importance to define proper management and conservation strategies for flatfish species. Flatfish nursery studies usually report upon habitat occupation, but few attempted to quantify the importance of those habitats to larvae development. The reliance of two sympatric flatfish species larvae, the European flounder Platichthys flesus and the common sole Solea solea, on the estuarine food web (benthic versus pelagic), was determined through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. The organic matter sources supporting the production of P. flesus and S. solea larvae biomass originates chiefly in the benthic food web. However, these species have significantly different δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values which suggest that they prey on organisms that use a different mixture of sources or assimilate different components from similar OM pools (or both).  相似文献   

Extensive DNA inversions in the B. fragilis genome control variable gene expression     

Cerdeño-Tárraga AM  Patrick S  Crossman LC  Blakely G  Abratt V  Lennard N  Poxton I  Duerden B  Harris B  Quail MA  Barron A  Clark L  Corton C  Doggett J  Holden MT  Larke N  Line A  Lord A  Norbertczak H  Ormond D  Price C  Rabbinowitsch E  Woodward J  Barrell B  Parkhill J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5714):1463-1465

The obligately anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, an opportunistic pathogen and inhabitant of the normal human colonic microbiota, exhibits considerable within-strain phase and antigenic variation of surface components. The complete genome sequence has revealed an unusual breadth (in number and in effect) of DNA inversion events that potentially control expression of many different components, including surface and secreted components, regulatory molecules, and restriction-modification proteins. Invertible promoters of two different types (12 group 1 and 11 group 2) were identified. One group has inversion crossover (fix) sites similar to the hix sites of Salmonella typhimurium. There are also four independent intergenic shufflons that potentially alter the expression and function of varied genes. The composition of the 10 different polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters identified (7 with associated invertible promoters) suggests a mechanism of synthesis similar to the O-antigen capsules of Escherichia coli.  相似文献   

Water resources planning and management at the Salt River Project, Arizona, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniel H. Phillips  Yvonne Reinink  Timothy E. Skarupa  Charles. E. Ester III  Jon A. Skindlov 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2009,23(2-3):109-124

The Salt River Project (SRP) was created in the early 1900s to assure an adequate water supply for its shareholders in the Salt River Valley, Arizona, USA. The straight forward job of storing inflows and meeting demand from a single reservoir system soon became more complex. As the population of the Salt River Valley swelled, additional reservoirs were added to the system, alternative supplies of water were developed, and hydro-power generation became a financial consideration in reservoir operations. Nevertheless, the primary operational objective continues to be the conjunctive management of multiple sources of water to ensure an adequate carry-over supply of water for SRP’s shareholders in the Salt River Valley. This objective has traditionally been accomplished by managing the reservoir system as if each time the reservoirs fill to capacity is the beginning of an extended drought comparable to the worst historical drought in recorded history. Over the past 20 years, several subtle yet significant events have taken place which raise concerns regarding SRP’s traditional method of water planning and management. Changes in demand patterns as land is converted from mainly agricultural use to urban use, an ongoing drought rivaling the historical drought of record, tree-ring studies suggesting even more severe droughts having occurred in pre-historic times and, the specter of a changing climate due to global warming all suggest that a business as usual approach to water management and planning may no longer be appropriate.  相似文献