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Claudia Cafarchia Romina ParadiesLuciana A. Figueredo DVM MSc Barbara PadalinoMaria Fiorella Greco DVM PhD Grazia GrecoDomenico Otranto DVM PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012
Aspergillus spp. may induce equine respiratory infections such as fungal pneumonia, guttural pouch mycosis, and systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals. This study describes a case of probable respiratory aspergillosis in a horse presenting clinical signs of the upper airway disease different from those previously reported. Nasopharyngeal swabs and guttural pouch centesis were performed, and Aspergillus flavus was isolated and identified. Following 30 days of pharmaceutical treatment with itraconazole, clinical signs resolved. Results suggested that aspergillosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of upper airway infections, guttural pouch centesis may be useful to make a correct diagnosis, and itraconazole is efficacious in the treatment of A flavus infection. 相似文献
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Endogenous Progesterone Concentrations Affect Progesterone Release from Intravaginal Devices Used for Oestrous Synchronization in Cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 HL Neri MP Palhao DS Costa JHM Viana CAC Fernandes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):692-695
Intravaginal progesterone‐releasing devices are largely used both as contraceptives in humans and as a component of oestrous synchronization protocols in cattle. To reduce costs in large‐scale timed artificial insemination, the reuse of these releasing devices is common. Passive hormone diffusion, however, depends on the concentration gradient, which could affect the amount of residual progesterone present in these devices after a first use. To evaluate the effect of the presence of a corpus luteum in the release of progesterone from intravaginal devices, three synchronization protocols were designed to simulate the effects of inserting the device in the early dioestrus, late dioestrus or anoestrus. Holstein‐Zebu cross‐bred heifers were randomly allocated into one of these three treatments, and a series of blood samples was taken to evaluate the plasma progesterone concentrations. After 8 days, the intravaginal devices were removed and underwent a previously validated alcoholic extraction technique to measure the residual progesterone. Non‐used devices were used as controls. As expected, the simultaneous presence of the intravaginal device and a corpus luteum resulted in increased plasma progesterone concentrations. Conversely, the amount of residual progesterone in the devices after use was inversely proportional to the plasma progesterone concentration. These results demonstrate that the release rate of progesterone from intravaginal devices is affected by the endogenous concentration of this hormone; consequently, the strategy for reuse should account for the category and expected luteal cyclic activity of the animals undergoing synchronization protocols. 相似文献
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Fiorella Neri Marta Mari Stefano Brigati Paolo Bertolini 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(3):425-430
Fumigation by plant volatile compounds and hot water treatment were tested in vitro and in vivo for their activity against Neofabraea alba (anamorph Phlyctema vagabunda), the cause of lenticel rot in apple fruit. In vitro trials with volatile compounds showed a consistent inhibition of pathogen growth by carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and trans-2-hexenal, while (?)-carvone, hexanal, p-anisaldehyde, 2-nonanone and eugenol showed progressively lower inhibition. The greatest inhibition of mycelial growth was demonstrated by carvacrol (effective doses for 50 and 95 inhibition [ED50 and ED95] = 5.9 and 17.0 μL L?1, respectively; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 36.9 μL L?1) and of conidial germination by trans-2-hexenal (ED50 and ED95 = 4.1 and 6.9 μL L?1, respectively; MIC = 9.2 μL L?1). Hot water showed a complete inhibition of conidial germination in vitro after 10, 2 and 1 min of exposure at 40, 45 and 50 °C, respectively, and a complete inhibition of mycelial growth after 20 min of exposure at 75 °C. Among the volatile compounds tested, only 25 μL L?1 of carvacrol slightly reduced fungal infection on artificially infected apples (11.4% efficacy). Hot water treatment at 45 °C for 10 min showed high efficacy in the control of lenticel rot on apples. Reduction of infection was 80% in artificially inoculated fruit (cv Golden Delicious) and 90% in naturally infected fruit (cv Pink Lady) after 90 and 135 d of storage, respectively. 相似文献
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Methylphenidate (MPH) is an immediate-release (IR) or sustained-release (SR) drug used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, using an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-period, randomized, crossover design. Each subject received a single dose of 20 mg d,l-MPH IR or SR tablet. After blood collections at specific times, the concentrations of d,l-MPH in plasma were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Following both IR and SR oral administration of d,l-MPH, the animals did not show any side effects, except that mild hyperkinesia was observed in a few subjects belonging to the IR treatment group. After both administrations, the concentration data for d,l-MPH in plasma displayed a characteristic, one-compartment drug model. The relative bioavailability of the SR formulation was 30.58 ± 13.73%. Significant differences between the two administrations were found in Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and Cl. Despite low drug concentrations in the blood, the SR formulation ensured uniformity of d,l-MPH plasma concentrations and, thus, a simpler and easier titration. In conclusion, the tested dosage appears to be too low for clinical application in canines, and an increase in dosing is suggested. Further pharmacodynamics studies are necessary to support this speculation.
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Role of strawberry volatile organic compounds in the development of Botrytis cinerea infection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 F. Neri L. Cappellin A. Spadoni I. Cameldi A. Algarra Alarcon E. Aprea A. Romano F. Gasperi F. Biasioli 《Plant pathology》2015,64(3):709-717
Botrytis cinerea, the main pathogen of strawberry, has the ability to remain quiescent in unripe tissue and develop disease symptoms in ripe fruit. As strawberry ripening is characterized by an increase of aroma compounds, the role of volatile emission in the development of infection was investigated. Thirty‐five strawberry volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested on B. cinerea in vitro and volatile emission was analysed in strawberry harvested at four ripening stages by headspace solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton transfer reaction–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The coupling of such data sets made it possible to conclude that key strawberry aroma compounds stimulate B. cinerea conidial germination and some typical wound‐volatiles stimulate pathogen conidial germination or mycelial growth. This study is the first report of fungal stimulation by some VOCs naturally occurring in strawberry: the esters ethyl butanoate, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate, trans‐2‐hexenyl acetate, methyl butanoate and hexyl butanoate, the furanones furaneol and mesifurane, and the alcohol trans‐2‐hexenol. The results of this work provide advances in understanding the functional role of fruit VOCs and suggest, for the first time, that fruit VOCs may influence the development of B. cinerea from the latent phase and that they could favour the invasive growth of B. cinerea after wounding. In particular, ethyl butanoate and furaneol could signal strawberry ripening, and the green leaf volatiles trans‐2‐hexenol, trans‐2‐hexenyl acetate and cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate could signal the presence of damaged tissues that are easier sites for penetration by B. cinerea. 相似文献
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F. Neri L. Cappellin E. Aprea F. Biasioli F. Gasperi A. Spadoni I. Cameldi A. Folchi E. Baraldi 《Plant pathology》2019,68(8):1508-1524
Neofabraea vagabunda, causing bull’s eye rot, produces notable loss during cold storage of apples growing in cool humid regions. The infection initiates in the orchard, but the pathogen lives quiescently in fruit for some months before causing the symptoms of the disease. In vivo and in vitro assays were carried out to gain knowledge on the influence of fruit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in N. vagabunda development and define volatile markers for pathogen detection, using SPME/GC-MS, PTR-ToF-MS analysis and light microscopic observations. This study reports that: (i) the main VOCs of Cripps Pink apple (highly susceptible to bull’s eye rot) are degraded during the conidial germination of N. vagabunda, stimulating pathogen hyphal growth towards the host; (ii) first disease symptoms appear when fruit releases VOCs related to senescence, which also stimulate pathogen hyphal growth; (iii) VOCs typical of ripe-senescent fruit are also emitted by infected fruit during N. vagabunda quiescence, and methanol and ethanol are the earliest markers of bull’s eye rot; and (iv) the in vitro volatile metabolism of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum fioriniae has similarities with that of N. vagabunda, but the volatile profile of each pathogen is distinguishable. Overall, this study provides novel knowledge on fruit–fungus interaction and insights for the development of tools for early disease detection in packing houses. 相似文献