Phosphate sorption in some representative soils of Bangladesh     

Mohammad E. Hossain  Sirajul Hoque  Khan T. Osman 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):959-966

An experiment was conducted to observe the phosphate sorption potential of some soils of Bangladesh. Three soil series of calcareous origin, namely Sara (Aquic Eutrochrept), Gopalpur (Aquic Eutrochrept) and Ishurdi (Aeric Haplaquept), and two soil series of non-calcareous origin, namely Tejgaon (Rhodic Paleustult) and Ghatail (Aeric Haplaquept), were selected. The soils were equilibrated with dilute solution of calcium chloride containing graded concentrations of phosphate (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50?μg?P?mL^?1), and the amount of phosphate sorbed or desorbed was determined. Although all the soils showed potential for sorbing phosphate from applied phosphorus, their ability to sorb phosphorus differed. Increasing rates of phosphate application increased the amount of P sorption but reduced phosphate sorption percentage in all soils except Tejgaon. Phosphate was sorbed by the soils in the order: Tejgaon > Ghatail > Ishurdi > Gopalpur > Sara at 50?μg?P?mL^?1 application. Soils possessing higher amounts of free iron oxide and clay sorbed more phosphate from applied phosphorus.  相似文献   

Correlation among microbial biomass s,soil properties,and other biomass nutrients     

Md. Akhter Hossain Chowdhury  Kenji Kouno  Tadao Ando 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):175-186

The soil physicochemical characteristics and amounts of microbial biomass C, N, and S in 19 soils (10 grassland, 2 forest, and 7 arable soils) were investigated to clarify the S status in granitic regosols in Japan, in order to determine the relationships between biomass S and other soil characteristics and to estimate approximately the annual Sand N flux through the microbial biomass. Across the sites, the amount of biomass C ranged from 46 to 1,054, biomass N from 6 to 158, and biomass S from 0.81 to 13.44 mg kg_-1 soil with mean values of 438.8, 85.8, and 6.15 mg kg_-1 soil, respectively. Microbial biomass Nand S accounted for 3.4–7.7% and 1.1–4.0% of soil total Nand S, respectively. The biomass C: N, C : S, and N : S ratios varied considerably across the sites and ranged from 3.0–10.4, 32.5–87.7, and 5.0–18.8, respectively. Microbial biomass S was linearly related to biomass C and biomass N. The regression accounted for 96.6% for biomass C and 92.9% for biomass N of the variance in the data. The amounts of biomass C, N, and S were positively correlated with a number of soil properties, particularly with the contents of organic C, total N, SO₄-S, and electrical conductivity and among themselves. The soil properties, in various linear combinations showed a variability of 84–97% in the biomass nutrients. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that biomass C, N, and S were also dependent on SO₄-S as a second factor of significance which could limit microbial growth under the conditions prevailing at the study sites. Annual flux of Nand S was estimated through the biomass using the turnover rates of 0.67 for Nand 0.70 for S to be approximately 129 kg Nand 9.7 kg S ha^-1 y^-l, respectively, and was almost two times higher in grassland than arable soils.  相似文献   

Accelerated development of quality protein maize hybrid through marker‐assisted introgression of opaque‐2 allele     

Hari S. Gupta  Babu Raman  Pawan K. Agrawal  Vinay Mahajan  Firoz Hossain  Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):77-82

Vivek Maize Hybrid 9‐ a popular single‐cross hybrid developed by crossing CM 212 and CM 145 was released for commercial cultivation in India. The parental lines, being deficient in lysine and tryptophan, were selected for introgression of opaque‐2 allele using CML 180 and CML 170 as donor lines through marker‐assisted backcross breeding. The opaque‐2 homozygous recessive genotypes with >90% recovery of the recurrent parent genome were selected in BC₂F_2, and the seeds with <25% opaqueness in BC₂F₃ were forwarded for seed multiplication. Vivek Quality Protein Maize (QPM) 9, the improved QPM hybrid, showed 41% increase in tryptophan and 30% increase in lysine over the original hybrid. The grain yield of the improved hybrid was on par with the original hybrid. The newly improved QPM maize hybrid released in 2008 will help in reducing the protein malnutrition because its biological value is superior over the normal maize hybrids. This short duration QPM maize hybrid has been adopted in several hill states of North Western and North Eastern Himalayan regions.  相似文献   

Oxidation of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution by Excess Potassium Permanganate     

S. M. Ghausul Hossain  Robert G. McLaughlan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1429-1435

A simple spectrophotometric method was developed to quantify chlorophenol (CP) concentrations after reaction with potassium permanganate and quenching with sodium sulfite. Other quenching agents (peroxide, sodium thiosulfate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride) were found to create absorbance in the spectral range required for CP quantification. Analysis at pH 12 gave greater absorption and sensitivity for the method compared with pH 5.6. The calibration curves of the proposed methods were linear in the concentration ranges 0.0061–0.61 and 0.0078–0.78 mM with detection limit of 0.0006 and 0.0008 mM for dichlorophenols and monochlorophenols, respectively. The oxidation kinetics of five chlorophenols in aqueous solution with excess potassium permanganate were evaluated using the analytical method. The pseudo-first-order reaction rates were found to be relatively rapid 1.42 × 10⁻³ to 0.024 s⁻¹ and followed the sequence 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) > 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) > 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) > 2,4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) > 3-chlorophenol (3-CP). The apparent second-order rate constant was calculated from the measured pseudo-first-order rate constant with respect to CP with initial KMnO₄ concentration (1.5 mM) and follows the same sequence of pseudo-first-order rate constant. This shows that chlorine atoms in the structure of chlorophenol had a significant influence on the oxidation of chlorophenols by potassium permanganate. Permanganate can be used for the treatment of chlorophenol-contaminated soil and groundwater.  相似文献   

Bayesian 2-Stage Space-Time Mixture Modeling With Spatial Misalignment of the Exposure in Small Area Health Data     

Andrew B. Lawson  Jungsoon Choi  Bo Cai  Monir Hossain  Russell S. Kirby  Jihong Liu 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2012,17(3):417-441

We develop a new Bayesian two-stage space-time mixture model to investigate the effects of air pollution on asthma. The two-stage mixture model proposed allows for the identification of temporal latent structure as well as the estimation of the effects of covariates on health outcomes. In the paper, we also consider spatial misalignment of exposure and health data. A simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the 2-stage mixture model. We apply our statistical framework to a county-level ambulatory care asthma data set in the US state of Georgia for the years 1999?C2008.  相似文献   

Detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus by duplex PCR specific to the groEL gene     

Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain  Yu-Ri Kim  Eun-Young Kim  Jong-Min Lee  In-Soo Kong 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):335-340

Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus are of major concern due to their effect on public health throughout the world. It is therefore imperative to identify a gene and method that are suitable for the accurate species-specific detection of these two species. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed using two sets of primers targeting the groEL gene for the accurate simultaneous detection of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. The nucleotide sequence of the groEL gene was compared with the sequences of other Vibrio and non-Vibrio species. The specificity of two primer sets for duplex PCR was checked using 24 Vibrio and 8 non-Vibrio species. The primer sets were found to be specific for these two species and could detect both of the target bacterial species without any ambiguity, even when comparing closely related species. For both species, the detection limit was 100 pg of purified genomic DNA. The duplex PCR showed high specificity and sensitivity for each species and was sufficient for the detection of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus from artificially infected shellfish tissue, flounder, and even inoculated seawater. This method is simple and cost-effective, and can be utilized for the simultaneous detection of both species, thus representing an effective tool for both epidemiologist and ecologist.  相似文献   

Fertilization by refrigerator stored sperm of the Indian major carp, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)     

Md Mahbubul Hassan  Md Nahiduzzaman  Shaheed Nasrullah Al Mamun  Md Abu Taher  Mostafa Ali Reza Hossain 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):150-158

This study reports on the spermatological properties, and on the development of a protocol for refrigerator storage (4°C) of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) sperm for artificial breeding. Volume, motility, concentration and pH of the freshly collected sperm were 2.21 ± 0.53 (μL g^?1 of fish weight) (mean ± SD), 95 ± 1 (%), 1.93 ± 0.44 × 10⁹ (cells mL^?1) and 7.56 ± 0.17 respectively. Sperm activation was evaluated at different osmolalities of NaCl solution, and motility ceased completely when osmolality of the extender was ≥287 mOsmol kg^?1. Sperm retained motility for 24, 72 and 108 h, after refrigerator storage when sperm were undiluted, suspended in Alsever's solution and suspended in Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol respectively. Fertilization rate of fresh eggs with sperm stored at 4°C in Alsever's solution and Alsever's solution containing 5% methanol was 77% and 60% with a hatching rate of 60% and 43% respectively. The fertilization and hatching success of the stored sperm suggests potential to use refrigeration for transporting genetic material to hatcheries for artificial breeding of L. calbasu in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Allelopathic effects of Mikania cordata on forest and agricultural crops in Bangladesh     

M. K. Hossain  S. Anwar  R. Nandi 《林业研究》2016,27(1):155-159

Mikania cordata, an invasive weed is becoming a problem in the secondary degraded forests and plantations of Bangladesh, not only competing with but also releasing allelochemicals to cultivated crops. Allelopathic effects of the leaves of M. cordata were investigated through an experiment in the green house of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Five economically important agricultural crops(Oryza sativa L., Triticum aestivum L., Vigna sinensis L., Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Amaranthus tricolor L.) and three forest crops(Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. Hook, Albizia procera(Roxb.) Benth.,and Paraserianthes falcataria(L.) Nielson) were used as bioassay species. Experiments were conducted on trays at an average room temperature 27 °C. The effects of different concentrations of leaf extracts were compared to controls. Water soluble allelochemicals of M. cordata inhibited the germination and initial growth of the tested agricultural and forest crops. Germination percent of forest crops declined with increasing concentration of extracts.The inhibitory effect on root elongation of forest crops was pronounced, whereas a stimulatory effect was found on P.falcataria up to a concentration of 25 %. Abelmoschus esculentus showed poor germination(%) and low shoot development(0.5 cm) and no development of taproot or lateral roots at treatment of 100 % concentration. Theinhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts with higher concentrations producing stronger inhibitory effects. Lower concentrations showed some stimulatory effect. The inhibitory effect was pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than germination or shoot development of the crops. Mikania cordata should be eradicated for healthy growth and development of the forest and adjacent agricultural crops.  相似文献   

Geochemical Processes Controlling Fluoride Enrichment in Groundwater at the Western Part of Kumamoto Area,Japan     

Shahadat Hossain  Takahiro Hosono  Heejun Yang  Jun Shimada 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(10):385

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Effect of sulphur on biochemical parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in grey terrace soil     

Ferdousi Begum  Feroza Hossain  Md. Rafiqul Islam Mondal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(2):261-276

An experiment was conducted to study the biochemical response of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) to sulphur (S) fertilization at grey terrace soil. There were five treatments: S₀ (control), S₁ (20 kg S ha^?1), S₂ (40 kg S ha^?1), S₃ (60 kg S ha^?1) and S₄ (80 kg S ha^?1). Chlorophyll content in the leaf was determined at 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after emergence (DAE). The biochemical properties were found responsive to S. The highest chlorophyll content of mustard leaves was found in 60 kg S ha^?1 at 50 DAE. The same treatment also showed the maximum N content in the leaves at 45 DAE. The highest oil content was recorded in 60 kg S ha^?1. Other chemical characters such as acid value, peroxide and saponification values were lowest in 60 kg S ha^?1 while iodine value was found highest in the same S level. Non-essential fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic and erucic acid were increased in the rapeseed with decrease in S level, whereas essential fatty acids were maximum in 60 kg S ha^?1. Therefore, 60 kg S ha^?1 can be recommended to produce quality rapeseed in grey terrace soil of Bangladesh.  相似文献