Ultrafast electron crystallography of interfacial water     

Ruan CY  Lobastov VA  Vigliotti F  Chen S  Zewail AH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5667):80-84

We report direct determination of the structures and dynamics of interfacial water on a hydrophilic surface with atomic-scale resolution using ultrafast electron crystallography. On the nanometer scale, we observed the coexistence of ordered surface water and crystallite-like ice structures, evident in the superposition of Bragg spots and Debye-Scherrer rings. The structures were determined to be dominantly cubic, but each undergoes different dynamics after the ultrafast substrate temperature jump. From changes in local bond distances (OH.O and O.O) with time, we elucidated the structural changes in the far-from-equilibrium regime at short times and near-equilibration at long times.  相似文献   

Inter-american relations     

Widmer C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4138):749

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Effects of diluted and undiluted treated wastewater on the growth,physiological aspects and visual quality of potted lantana and polygala plants     

S. Bañón  J. Miralles  J. Ochoa  J.A. Franco  M.J. Sánchez-Blanco 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

In many nurseries in the Mediterranean area irrigation water supply is a major problem due to climatic conditions, and it is important to evaluate alternative water resources, such as treated wastewater, for ornamental plant production. For this reason, a nursery study was conducted in order to determine: (1) the effect of irrigation with a saline reclaimed wastewater (reused water) on the growth and visual quality of Lantana camara and Polygala myrtifolia, and (2) the effectiveness of the mixing the same water with canal water to reduce any negative effects observed with the reused water. Potted plants were irrigated with reused water, canal water and reused water diluted 50% with canal water. The results suggest that polygala can be irrigated with reused water since visual damage is minimal and growth reduction very slight, which seems to be related with the plant's low accumulation of saline ions. In lantana, reused water led to an excessive uptake of chloride, sodium and boron in the leaves, which was associated with defoliation, leaf burn, leaf chlorosis and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, diminishing both growth and its aesthetic value. The dilution of reused water alleviated some negative effects in lantana, but not sufficiently to avoid a significant loss of plant quality.  相似文献   

Scrub or rub? What is best practice for hand hygiene before surgery?     

Kampf G  Widmer AF 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):307-308

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Antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging     

Calucci L  Capocchi A  Galleschi L  Ghiringhelli S  Pinzino C  Saviozzi F  Zandomeneghi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4274-4281

Seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. The effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. Seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. A progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, was observed, prolonging the incubation, whereas the free radical content increased in both flour and gluten. A degradation of soluble and storage proteins was found, associated with a marked increase of proteolytic activity and a loss of viscoelastic properties of gluten. On the contrary, puroindolines were quite resistant to the treatment. The results are discussed in comparison with those previously obtained during accelerated aging of durum wheat seeds.  相似文献   

In vivo bioinsecticidal activity toward Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly) and Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and in vitro bioinsecticidal activity toward different orders of insect pests of a trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) seeds     

Araújo CL  Bezerra IW  Oliveira AS  Moura FT  Macedo LL  Gomes CE  Barbosa AE  Macedo FP  Souza TM  Franco OL  Bloch-J C  Sales MP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4381-4387

A proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on Shephacryl S-200 followed by a reverse-phase HPLC Vidac C18 TP. The inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI), showed a Mr of 21.42 kDa by mass spectrometry analysis. TTI was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) M. In vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from different orders showed that TTI had remarkable activity against enzymes from coleopteran, Anthonomus grandis (29.6%), Zabrotes subfasciatus (51.6%), Callosobruchus maculatus (86.7%), Rhyzopertha dominica(88.2%), and lepidopteron, Plodia interpuncptella (26.7%), Alabama argillacea (53.8%), and Spodoptera frugiperda (75.5%). Also, digestive enzymes from Diptera, Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), were inhibited (52.9%). In vivo bioinsecticidal assays toward C. capitata and C. maculatus larvae were developed. The concentration of TTI (w/w) in the artificial seed necessary to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 3.6%, and that to reduce mass larvae by 50.0% (ED50) was 3.2%. Furthermore, the mass C. capitata larvae were affected at 53.2% and produced approximately 34% mortality at a level of 4.0% (w/w) of TTI incorporated in artificial diets.  相似文献   

Effect of storage temperature and water activity on the content and profile of isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and in vitro protein digestibility of soy protein isolates and defatted soy flours     

Pinto Mda S  Lajolo FM  Genovese MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6340-6346

The aim of this work was to study the effect of 1 year of storage at different temperatures and 1 month of storage at different water activities on the content and profile of isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and in vitro protein digestibility of defatted soy flours (DSF) and soy protein isolates (SPI). The storage for up to 1 year, at temperatures from -18 to 42 degrees C, had no effect on the total content of isoflavones, but the profile changed drastically at 42 degrees C, with a significant decrease of the percentage of malonylglucosides with a proportional increase of beta-glucosides. A similar effect was observed for SPI stored at a(w) = 0.87 for 1 month. For DSF, however, there was observed a great increase in aglycons (from 10 to 79%), probably due to the action of endogenous beta-glucosidases. The antioxidant activity decreased after storage at 42 degrees C, but the in vitro protein digestibility did not change.  相似文献   

Lightning injury in an outdoor swine herd.     

William G Van Alstine  William R Widmer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(3):289-291

Three pigs, weighing 63 kg-70 kg each, from a group of 8 pigs in an outdoor pen that was struck by lightning were necropsied. All 3 pigs presented with hind limb paralysis. The only lesions identified were multiple fractures of the last (seventh) lumbar vertebral body and first sacral vertebral segment, with dorsal displacement of the sacrum and transection of the distal spinal cord and spinal nerves. Hemorrhages extended from the fracture sites into muscles immediately surrounding the lumbosacral junction and retroperitoneally into the pelvic cavity. These hemorrhages were not clearly visible until the pelvic region was dissected. Lesions commonly found in human lightning-strike victims were not present in these pigs. Because vertebral fractures may be the only lesions and may be grossly subtle in heavily muscled pigs, careful pelvic and vertebral dissection is recommended in cases of suspected lightning strike and electrocution.  相似文献   

A novel series of O,O-diethyl O-(1,3-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl) phosphorothioates. Part II. Quantitative structure–activity relationships     

Franco Gozzo  Marcella Masoero  Luciana Quadrelli  Angela Zagni 《Pest management science》1980,11(3):314-323

The in-vivo toxicity data of 33 O,O-diethyl O-(1-alkyl-3-R″-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl) phosphorothioates, reported in Part I of this series, were subjected to multiregression analyses for the following organisms: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (larvae), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (aphids), Culex pipiens (adults), Spodoptera littoralis (larvae) and the rat. The activities were found to depend mainly on the steric parameters of R″, these being best expressed by the values L, B₁ and B₄ of the computer program STERIMOL. It was shown that there were different steric requirements for each species and these are discussed. The predictive values of the best equations were also estimated.  相似文献   

Synthesis and juvenile hormone activities of some new ether derivatives of hydroquinone     

Pietro Massardo  Franco Bettarini  Paolo Piccardi  Angelo Longoni 《Pest management science》1983,14(5):461-469

A new class of compounds, derived from hydroquinones, has been synthesised and bioassayed for juvenile hormone activity on yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum), and mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella). Structure-biological activity relationships of the most significant products are tabulated and discussed. Two of the new compounds, 1, 4-bis(5-chloropent-4-ynyloxy) benzene (I) and 1-(5-chloropent-4-ynyloxy)-4-phenoxybenzene (II), showed outstanding activity in morphogenetic assay with T. molitor, and good field persistence. Product II is of particular interest for the control of various Homopteran species, mosquitoes, stored product pests and fire ants.  相似文献