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41.
Fred P. Sprinkle D.V.M. M.S. T.W. Swerczek D.V.M. PhD. M. Ward Crowe D.V.M. 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(4):175-176
Meckel's diverticulum is a remnant of the vitellointestinal duct. It is through this duct that nutrients pass from the yolk sac into the midgut of the four-week-old embryo. In a review of 15,000 postmortem records at the University of Kentucky, Meckel's diverticulum was observed in five horses examined postmortem. In each case, the diverticulum was a factor in the animal's death. In light of these statistics, Meckel's diverticulum may not be as frequent a finding in the horse as has been previously considered. 相似文献
42.
Fred J. Alderink 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1984,3(1):29-44
The financial impact and clinical expression of vesicular stomatitis in Colorado dairy herds was studied during the 1982 epidemic. A non-random sample of 15 dairy herds was surveyed, 13 of which had clinical cases in lactating cows. These 13 herds represented 2404 cows among which were 378 clinical cases. The dairymen reported a distribution of lesions among the cases as follows: 262 (69.3%) oral only; 87 (23.0%) teat only; 22 (5.8%) both oral and teat and 7 (1.9%) with foot lesions. Herds experiencing primarily oral lesions had an attack rate of 19.8% with an average clinical course of 23.8 days. The attack rate in 2 of the 4 herds with teat lesions was 55.8% and 1.6% in the other 2 herds. Mastitis complicated 72% of the cases with teat lesions.The direct costs resulting from 378 cases of vesticular stomatitis reported by 13 dairymen totaled $95 752, which is an average cost of $253.31 per clinical case. The average cost per case with oral lesions is estimated to be $174.06 in contrast to $568.22 average for cases with teat lesions. The greatest loss was due to cows culled, 36.6% of the total direct costs. Decreased milk production was second with 30.3% of the total.The average decrease in milk production per clinical case was 261.3 kg (576 lbs). Deaths accounted for 11.3% of the loss and the combined costs of drugs, extra labour, veterinary service, weight loss and extra ectoparasite control accounted for 11.9% of the $95 752 total. 相似文献
43.
Sanchez J Markham F Dohoo I Sheppard J Keefe G Leslie K 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(4):319-330
The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between milk optical density ratios (ODRs) from an indirect Ostertagia ostertagi ELISA, total milk IgG levels and milk production and then establish a correction factor to adjust ODR. Five hundred and sixty composite milk samples collected from 358 cows on four dairy herds in June and August 2002 were used in this analysis. The average ODR was 0.34. A positive correlation was found between ODR and IgG values in milk, days in milk, age and log transformed somatic cell counts (SCC). However, ODR was negatively correlated with milk production. The IgG levels and ODR values were constant from 30 to 200 days in milk. However, ODRs increased from 200 days until the end of the lactation. After controlling for age, season, herd and SCC, an increase in milk production of 13 kg/day was associated with a reduction in ODR values of 0.052. The results of the present study suggest that ODR values are not greatly influenced by production factors. ODR follow the same pattern as the IgG variation across lactation and could be adjusted in order to compare ODR values obtained from high producing cows with those obtained from low producing animals. 相似文献
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Parmentier HK Baelmans R Savelkoul HF Dorny P Demey F Berkvens D 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,100(1-2):25-32
To study the relation between serum complement levels and the chicken MHC (B) complex, complement haemolytic activity was measured in sera from hens from seven pure-bred B-typed White and one Brown Leghorn lines, and three ISA-Warren lines that had been divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Significant differences occurred in the serum haemolytic complement activities, both belonging to the classic (CPW) and the alternative (APW) pathways, among the 11 different haplotyped chicken lines. Hens with high CPW and high APW titres predominantly displayed the B2 or B21 haplotypes. Chickens with low CPW and APW were found in B14 and B15 haplotypes. Haplotype B14 appears to be different in complement levels when present into the pure-bred lines or into the ISA-Warren line selected for low antibody responses to SRBC. Otherwise, the presence of B21 in ISA-Warren line selected for high antibody responses to SRBC does not differ with the B21 in the inbred lines (except in the NL-line for CPW values). In general the haplotypes B2 and B21 are found in chicken lines with enhanced disease resistance, and the B15 haplotype has been connected with enhanced disease susceptibility. Our results suggest that levels of haemolytic complement activity, either from the classical or from the alternative pathways, may underlie part of the immunocompetence ascribed to the MHC (B) complex in chickens. 相似文献
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Bennett RN Rosa EA Mellon FA Kroon PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(11):4005-4015
As an influence of the Mediterranean diet, rocket species such as Eruca sativa L., Diplotaxis species, and Bunias orientalis L. are eaten all over the world at different ontogenic stages in salads and soups. They are all species within the plant order Capparales (glucosinolate-containing species), and all are from the family Brassicaceae. Predominantly, the leaves of these species are eaten raw or cooked, although Eruca flowers are also consumed. There is considerable potential with raw plant material for a higher exposure to bioactive phytochemicals such as glucosinolates, their hydrolysis products, and also phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins such as vitamin C. These compounds are susceptible to ontogenic variation, and the few published studies that have addressed this topic have been inconsistent. Thus, an ontogenic study was performed and all samples were analyzed using a previously developed robust liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of the major phytochemicals in all tissues of the rocket species. Seeds and roots of both Eruca and Diplotaxis contained predominantly 4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate. Leaves of Eruca and Diplotaxis contained high amounts of 4-mercaptobutylglucosinolate with lower levels of 4-methylthiobutlyglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate. Flowers of Eruca and Diplotaxiscontained predominantly 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-glucosinolate. In addition, roots of both Diplotaxisspecies contained 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate but 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate was absent from roots of Eruca. Seeds and seedlings of all Eruca contained N-heterocyclic compounds but no sinapine, whereas Diplotaxis contained sinapine but not the N-heterocycles. In all tissues of B. orientalis, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenylglucosinolate were predominant. All rocket tissues, except roots, contained significant levels of polyglycosylated flavonoids, with/without hydroxycinnamoyl acylation. The core aglycones were kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. The exception was B. orientalis, which had a negligible seed flavonoid content as compared with the other species. Anthocyanins were only detected in Eruca flowers and consisted of a complex pattern of at least 16 different anthocyanins. 相似文献
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