Assessing Copper Adsorption,Internalization, and Desorption Following Algaecide Application to Control <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lyngbya wollei</Emphasis> from Lake Gaston,NC/VA,USA     

West M. Bishop  Gabriella V. Villalon  Ben E. Willis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(5):152

Application of copper-based algaecide formulations is commonly conducted to control nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. Most field application scenarios have a rapid decline in external aqueous copper concentrations. Copper partitioned to algae can remain bound in external state, transition into the cell, or desorb back into solution. Understanding short-term fate of applied copper-based algaecides is critical in risk assessment for non-target species as well as achieving desired efficacy of target nuisance algae. This research assessed the ability of copper from different algaecide formulations to partition to Lyngbya wollei and the subsequent internalization and desorption of copper following cessation of the aqueous exposure. Following a 6-h exposure, there were no significant differences in total partitioned copper between copper sulfate and an ethanolamine chelated copper formulation (Captain® XTR). Four days after cessation of the aqueous copper exposure, all chelated copper and copper sulfate (except 2 mg Cu/L) exposures had significantly decreased adsorbed copper to L. wollei. However, chelated copper had significantly more internalized copper (P?<?0.05) at the 0.5, 1, and 2 mg Cu/L treatments compared with the 6-h measurements and higher internalized copper than copper sulfate at the 2 and 4 mg Cu/L treatments. Average desorbed copper was lower in most chelated copper treatments compared with copper sulfate, although no statistically significant differences were measured between formulations. This information will allow water resource managers to select the most efficient algaecide formulation for desired algal control, with a better understanding of depuration potential, offsite movement, and risks to non-target organisms.  相似文献   

Utility of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in a nested PCR approach for detection infection in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kato S  Lindergard G  Mohammed HO 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(2-3):153-159

A preliminary molecular epidemiological study was carried out to investigate the utility of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach using COWP gene primers was adopted for this purpose. Fecal samples were spiked with each of 1, 10, and 100 oocysts of C. parvum, four samples for each number, and the DNA was extracted from each sample using a glassbead method. The presence of oocysts was determined using the nested PCR with COWP gene primers, and the limit of detection of oocysts by the PCR was determined. The limit of detection was 100 oocysts spiked in 1 ml of fecal material (50% sold material) (four positives/four samples tested). Seventy-five percent of DNA extracted samples spiked with 1 and 10 oocysts was positive by the PCR (three positives/four samples tested). Based on this, small sample size using the COWP gene primers with a nested PCR analysis could reliably identify infected animals rather conveniently and accurately.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of neosporosis in beef and dairy cattle in Italy     

Otranto D  Llazari A  Testini G  Traversa D  Frangipane di Regalbono A  Badan M  Capelli G 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,118(1-2):7-18

A cross-sectional serological survey for Neospora caninum was carried out on beef and dairy cattle in southern and northern Italy. A total of 111 herds and 1140 animals were tested using an ELISA assay (CHEKIT-Neospora) to detect anti-N. caninum antibodies. Management and individual data were collected and analysed both by linear and logistic multiple-regression models in order to find good predictors of the cattle seroprevalence and anti-N. caninum antibody level. At least one seropositive animal was found in 49 herds (44.1%), of which 31 (39.7%) from southern Italy and 18 (54.5%) from northern Italy. A total of 126 head of cattle (11%) were found to be seropositive and the seroprevalence was lower in southern (8.7%) than in northern Italy (16%). One of the best predictors of neosporosis seroprevalence in this study was the practice of self-rearing replacement heifers. Further risk factors were linked to higher stocking density, i.e. animals farmed in large herds and with no summer or permanent grazing practices were more likely to be seropositive than others. Farms with two or more dogs had higher herd seropositivity than farms with one or no dogs and this factor interacted significantly with the farm size and presence of poultry. Among individual characteristics, seropositivity was higher in animals sampled in mid- or late-pregnancy compared to animals either in early pregnancy or not pregnant. There was a significant interaction between the factors for pregnancy status and grazing practices. None of the epidemiological data recorded was a good predictor of the anti-N. caninum antibody level.  相似文献   

A simplified biopsy method for precompacted mouse embryos: a technical report     

Bodó S  Laczkó L  Horváth G  Baranyai B  Szabó MH  Dohy J  Gócza E 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2002,50(4):469-479

This article presents a new, simple and rapid embryo biopsy method. The blastomere for genetic analysis can be separated from a precompacted mouse embryo after a partial zona digestion with the use of a holding pipette. For the micromanipulation only two microcapillaries and micromanipulators are needed. The development of the biopsied embryos was studied during in vitro culture and in utero following embryo transfer. There was no significant difference between the treated and the control groups in the ratio of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, although the biopsied embryos were delayed in their development because they contained significantly fewer cells compared to the control ones at the same stage. Although there was no difference in the ratio of implantation, the development of the biopsied embryos in utero was also delayed 12-24 hours on the 9th day of pregnancy. No difference in development was visible from the 13th day of pregnancy. Statistically, no differences were found in the developmental ratio (number of developed fetuses/transferred embryos) of the control and treated embryos during gastrulation (9th day of pregnancy), at the beginning of organogenesis (13th day of pregnancy) and before birth (19th day of pregnancy). The embryo biopsy method presented here can be a new and useful tool for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.  相似文献   

Fungicidal activity of some alkylthio-substituted 2-iodo-and 2-methylbenzanilides     

Marialuisa Carmellino  Gabriella Massolini  Massimo Pregnolato  Giuseppe Pagani 《Pest management science》1990,28(1):1-6

Some 3′- or 4′-alkylthio-2-iodobenzanilides and some 3′-alkylthio-2-methylbenzanilides were tested in vitro and in vivo against fungal plant pathogens of different taxonomic classes and some showed activity, especially in vivo. Among all the tested compounds the 3′-alkylthio-2-iodobenzanilides revealed the highest activities.  相似文献   

Tissue distribution of the antigenic variants of canine parvovirus type 2 in dogs     

Decaro N  Martella V  Elia G  Desario C  Campolo M  Lorusso E  Colaianni ML  Lorusso A  Buonavoglia C 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,121(1-2):39-44

Twelve dogs dead as consequence of natural infection caused by canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a (n=4), type 2b (n=4) or type 2c (n=4) were investigated for determining the viral DNA loads in different tissue samples. By means of a real-time PCR assay, CPV DNA was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest titres observed in the lymphoid tissue and the lowest loads in the urinary tract. Surprisingly, the nervous tissue was found to contain considerable amounts of CPV nucleic acid. Similar patterns of tissue distribution were observed in all the examined dogs irrespective of the antigenic variant causing the disease.  相似文献   

Cattle grub infestation by Hypoderma sp. in Albania and risks for European countries     

Otranto D  Zalla P  Testini G  Zanaj S 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,128(1-2):157-162

In order to estimate the presence and the seroprevalence of hypodermosis in Albania, 625 head of cattle were bled during two sampling seasons (i.e. from February to March 2003 and from November to December 2003). The cattle came from three collection sites in Northern (site A), Central (site B) and Southern (site C) Albania. Milk samples were collected monthly from four animals from October 2002 to May 2003 during the lactating period. The animals were also clinically examined for the presence of warbles by manual palpation from April to July 2003 and 2004 and third instar larvae were collected and morphologically identified. Serum and milk samples were processed by ELISA. One hundred and thirty-three (38.6%) out of 344 and 116 (41.3%) out of 281 animals were found to be seropositive for Hypoderma during the first and the second sampling season. In particular, the animals from site C presented the highest percentage of seropositive results (i.e. 72.8% and 97.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) followed by the animals from sites A (i.e. 35.8% and 23.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) and B (i.e. 17.8% and 3.4% in the first and in second year, respectively). The kinetics of anti-Hypoderma antibodies in milk samples showed the highest antibody titres from October to February 2003. All the seropositive animals in both the sampling periods showed the presence of one or more warbles under the skin during April and May 2003 and 2004 and the third-stage larvae collected were morphologically identified as Hypoderma bovis. The results of this survey indicate that hypodermosis is widespread in Albania and that early prophylactic treatments must be carried out accordingly. The hope is not only to reduce the parasitic intensity with obvious benefits for livestock production, but also to avoid the risk of spreading this parasitic disease to neighboring countries.  相似文献   

Outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors in the inguinal or perineal region versus other cutaneous locations: 124 cases (1990-2001)     

Sfiligoi G  Rassnick KM  Scarlett JM  Northrup NC  Gieger TL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(8):1368-1374

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcome of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the inguinal or perineal region with outcome for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 37 dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region and 87 dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. PROCEDURE: Information obtained from the medical records included sex, breed, age, histologic grade of all tumors, number and location of all tumors, tumor size (ie, diameter of the tumor), completeness of surgical excision, treatments administered in addition to surgery, and outcome. In all dogs, the primary treatment consisted of surgical excision. RESULTS: Disease-free interval and survival time for dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region were not significantly different from values for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Dogs with incompletely excised tumors, dogs with grade III tumors, and dogs that received systemic treatment were 2, 2.5, and 4 times as likely, respectively, to have a relapse. Factors significantly associated with a shorter survival time were age > 8 years, metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and tumor relapse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggest that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region do not have a worse prognosis in regard to disease-free interval or survival time than do dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Treatment recommendations for dogs with cutaneous MCTs should be based on confirmed predictors of biological behavior, such as histologic grade and clinical stage.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of dogs with a novel strain of canine coronavirus causing systemic disease and lymphopenia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Decaro N  Campolo M  Lorusso A  Desario C  Mari V  Colaianni ML  Elia G  Martella V  Buonavoglia C 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(3-4):253-260

A pantropic canine coronavirus (CCoV) strain (CB/05) has been recently associated to a fatal outbreak of systemic disease in young dogs. We report the clinical, virological and serological findings in dogs experimentally infected with strain CB/05. The dogs, three 2.5-month-old and two 6-month-old pups, were successfully infected, shedding viral RNA with their faeces for the entire observation period (21 days) and displaying systemic clinical signs resembling those observed during the course of natural infection. Leucopenia (acute lymphopenia) occurred in all infected dogs, with values dropping below 60% of the initial counts. Considering the severity of the CB/05-induced disease, two of the youngest pups were euthanized for ethical reasons at days 8-9 postinfection, whereas the other pups underwent a slow but progressive improvement of their clinical status with complete recovery. At postmortem examination, remarkable lesions were observed in the internal organs of the euthanized pups, that tested positive for CCoV by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation on cell cultures. All pups seroconverted for CCoV, as shown by the high optical density values and antibody titres detected by ELISA and virusneutralisation tests, respectively. The present study confirms that strain CB/05 is highly pathogenic for dogs, being able to induce a severe disease (and in some cases the death) even in experimental conditions.  相似文献   

Dietary effect of lemon verbena extract on selected blood parameters and on plasma oxidative profile in Avelignese horses     

Marisa Palazzo  Francesco Vizzarri  Mario Cinone  Angela Gabriella D'Alessandro  Giovanni Martemucci  Donato Casamassima 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(2):222-228

The effect of Lippia citriodora extract on selected blood parameters and on plasma oxidative markers in Avelignese horses was evaluated. Twenty‐four horses were divided into three groups, consisting of eight animals each. Results of two experimental groups, 0.5 mg of verbascoside per kg of metabolic body weight (bw^0.75) in the low‐dose group (LVB) and 1.0 mg of verbascoside per kg of metabolic body weight (bw^0.75) in the high‐dose group (HVB), were compared to the control group (CON). Groups fed L. citriodora extract (HVB and LVB) showed a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (p < .01), bilirubin, and transaminases (p < .05), and an increase in HDL cholesterol (p < .01) compared to the CON group. Oxidative status was improved due to significant decrease in plasma concentration of ROMs and TBARS (p < .01) and increase in levels of vitamin A and vitamin E (p < .01). Based on obtained results, it is assumed that dietary supplementation with L. citriodora extract might find a useful application in horse feeding, with positive impact observed in blood parameters and plasma oxidative markers, with beneficial effects on the physiological welfare of livestock animals.  相似文献