Prevalence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in naturally occurring cases of poult enteritis-mortality syndrome     

Pakpinyo S  Ley DH  Barnes HJ  Vaillancourt JP  Guy JS 《Avian diseases》2002,46(2):360-369

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) previously were identified in poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)-affected turkeys and associated as a cause of this disease. In the present study, the prevalence of EPEC in PEMS-affected turkeys was examined retrospectively with archived tissues and intestinal contents collected from 12 PEMS-affected turkey flocks in 1998. Formalin-fixed intestinal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy for attaching and effacing (AE) lesions characteristic of EPEC, and frozen (-75 C) intestinal contents were examined for presence of EPEC. Escherichia coli isolates were characterized on the basis of epithelial cell attachment, fluorescent actin staining (FAS) test, and presence of E. coli attaching/effacing (EAE), shigalike toxin (SLT) type I, SLT II, and bundle-forming pilus (BFP) genes by polymerase chain reaction procedures. EPEC isolates were examined for pathogenicity and ability to induce AE lesions in experimentally inoculated young turkeys. AE lesions were identified by light microscopy in Giemsa-stained intestines from 7 of 12 PEMS-affected turkey flocks. Lesions consisted of bacterial microcolonies attached to epithelial surfaces with epithelial degeneration at sites of attachment and inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria. Electron microscopy confirmed the identity of AE lesions in six of seven flocks determined to have AE lesions by light microscopy. EPEC were identified in 4 of 12 flocks on the basis of the presence of EAE genes a nd absence of SLT I and SLT II genes; all isolates lacked BFP genes. EPEC isolates produced AE lesions and variable mortality in turkeys coinfected with turkey coronavirus. In total, EPEC were associated with 10 of 12 (83%) naturally occurring PEMS cases on the basis of identification of AE lesions and/or EPEC isolates. These findings provide additional evidence suggesting a possible role for EPEC in the pathogenesis of PEMS.  相似文献   

Comparison of virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction procedures for detection of turkey coronavirus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Breslin JJ  Smith LG  Barnes HJ  Guy JS 《Avian diseases》2000,44(3):624-631

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Plasma glucose-insulin relationship in chicken lines selected for high or low fasting glycaemia     

Simon J  Guillaumin S  Chevalier B  Derouet M  Guy G  Marche G  Ricard FH  Leclercq B 《British poultry science》2000,41(4):424-429

1. Selected Fat or Lean chickens differ in their plasma glucose insulin relationship: in the fed or fasted state, Fat chickens have a lower glycaemia associated with normal or higher insulinaemia, depending upon the difference in glycaemia. 2. Conversely, chickens selected for low fasting glycaemia (LG) are fattier than their counterparts selected for high fasting glycaemia (HG), although the divergence in fat content is lower than in the Fat-Lean model. 3. The plasma glucose insulin relationship has been investigated in males of the HG and LG lines in the F4 and F5 generations. 4. A difference in glycaemia is suggested during embryonic development and was present at hatching and later on in the fasted or the fed state; insulinaemia did not differ. 5. During refeeding after an overnight fast, glycaemia differed between lines (except at intermediate times); cumulative food intake and insulinaemia were similar. 6. During a glucose tolerance test, glucose disposal rate and insulinaemia were rather similar. 7. Exogenous insulin exerted a very similar hypoglycaemic effect in both lines. 8. Other variables (body temperature, plasma concentrations of potassium and alpha NH2-non protein nitrogen) did not differ between HG and LG chickens. 9. In conclusion, HG and LG chickens do not exhibit any differences in glucose disposal rate, insulinaemia (in various nutritional conditions) or sensitivity to exogenous insulin, which contrasts with Fat or Lean chickens and may explain why HG and LG chickens have diverged to a lesser extent in fat content.  相似文献   

Chitosan Stimulates Defense Reactions in Grapevine Leaves and Inhibits Development of Botrytis Cinerea     

Patricia Trotel-Aziz  Michel Couderchet  Guy Vernet  Aziz Aziz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):405-413

Chitosan (β-1,4-linked glucosamine oligomer) derived from crab shells conferred a high protection of grapevine leaves against grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. Under controlled conditions, it was shown to be an efficient elicitor of some defense reactions in grapevine leaves and to inhibit directly the in vitro development of B. cinerea. Treatment of grapevine leaves by chitosan led to marked induction of lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chitinase activities, three markers of plant defense responses. Dose-response curves show that maximum defense reactions (PAL and chitinase activities) and strong reduction of B. cinerea infection were achieved with 75–150 mg l⁻¹ chitosan. However, greater concentrations of chitosan did not protect grapevine leaves with the same efficiency, but inhibited mycelial growth in vitro. Present results underlined the potency of chitosan in inducing some defense responses in grapevine leaves which in turn might improve resistance to grey mould.  相似文献   

The aetiology of spinal deformity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: influence of genetic factors on the frequency and severity in freshwater stages     

Sullivan M  Guy DR  Roberts RJ  Manchester NJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(12):753-758

A radiographic study was carried out on 2-year groups of pre-smolt parr to detect the comparative frequency of vertebral change in a range of defined pedigreed families of high growth rate of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared under identical conditions. The observed frequency of deformity was related to the observed deformity level in the seawater parental generation, and to a potentially uncontrolled environmental determinant, i.e. stripping date. High and low parental deformity groups of families were found to produce offspring that had very similar levels of radiographically detectable spinal deformities in the pre-smolt parr, suggesting no genetic link. With regard to stripping date, the overall incidence was nearly half that seen in the preceding year (8.7% cf 16.6%). However, a non-significant trend to fewer radiographic spinal deformities was seen in the later stripping period.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the adoption of agroforestry practices by farmers in Cameroon     

Guy Blaise Nkamleu  Victor M. Manyong 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(2):135-148

This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of socio-economic factors on the adoption of agroforestry practices in Cameroon. The analysis uses primary farm-level data collected from June to December 1996. Three major provinces of the country were covered, namely Centre, Southwest and Northwest Several agroforestry technologies have been promoted among farmers in the zone, including alley farming, improved fallow, live fencing, cut-and-carry fodder and apiculture. The status of adoption of each agroforestry practice is described and factors that affect adoption identified. These are gender of farmer, household family size, level of education, farmer’s experience, membership within farmers’ associations, contact with research and extension, security of land tenure, agroecological zone, distance of the village from nearest town, village accessibility and income from livestock. Research findings indicate that since factors affecting farmers’ adoption of agroforestry practices differ across techniques, generalisation is to be avoided.  相似文献   

In focus: pesticides and honeybees -- the work of the ICP-BR Bee Protection Group     

Lewis G  Thompson H  Smagghe G 《Pest management science》2007,63(11):1047-1050

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Distichiasis in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)     

Chantal A.P.M. Verboven  Sylvia C. Djajadiningrat‐Laanen  Willem‐Jan P. Kitslaar  Guy C.M. Grinwis  Nico J. Schoemaker  Michael H. Boevé 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2014,17(4):290-293

A 4‐year‐old intact male ferret was presented to the Ophthalmology Service of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals of Utrecht University with chronic blepharospasm, epiphora, and conjunctivitis of the right eye. Examination of the eye revealed mild conjunctivitis and three hairs protruding from the openings of meibomian glands in the upper eyelid, providing the clinical diagnosis of distichiasis. The distichia were removed by transconjunctival unipolar electrocautery. Recovery was uneventful, but the original signs recurred 10 weeks after surgery. Ophthalmic examination revealed another distichia at a different location in the same eyelid and it was removed by full‐thickness wedge excision. Histopathological examination failed to reveal the exact origin of the distichia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of distichiasis in a ferret.  相似文献   

Resolvin D1, a Metabolite of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid,Decreases Post-Myocardial Infarct Depression     

Kim Gilbert  Judith Bernier  Roger Godbout  Guy Rousseau 《Marine drugs》2014,12(11):5396-5407

We hypothesized that inflammation induced by myocardial ischemia plays a central role in depression-like behavior after myocardial infarction (MI). Several experimental approaches that reduce inflammation also result in attenuation of depressive symptoms. We have demonstrated that Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a metabolite of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from docosahexaenoic acid, diminishes infarct size and neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic myocardium. The aim of this study is to determine if a single RvD1 injection could alleviate depressive symptoms in a rat model of MI. MI was induced in rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 min. Five minutes before ischemia or after reperfusion, 0.1 μg of RvD1 or vehicle was injected in the left ventricle cavity. Fourteen days after MI, behavioral tests (forced swim test and socialization) were conducted to evaluate depression-like symptoms. RvD1 reduced infarct size in the treated vs. the vehicle group. Animals receiving RvD1 also showed better performance in the forced swim and social interaction tests vs. vehicle controls. These results indicate that a single RvD1 dose, given 5 min before occlusion or 5 min after the onset of reperfusion, decreases infarct size and attenuates depression-like symptoms.  相似文献   

Fish meal replacement by plant and animal by-products in diets for the Australian short-finned eel, Anguilla australis australis (Richardson)     

Kenan Engin  & Chris Guy Carter 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(5):445-454

In this experiment, 23% of fish meal protein was replaced with protein from Australian soybean meal (SBM), lupin meal (LM), corn gluten meal (CGM) and meat meal (MM) in nutritionally balanced experimental diets. Growth and growth efficiencies of juvenile Australian short‐finned eel Anguilla australis australis (Richardson) elvers (2.23±0.4‐g average wet weight) were compared. Elvers were fed twice a day to a total of 5% body weight per day for 63 days. Total weight gain (g), specific growth rate (% day^?1), protein efficiency ratio (%) and productive protein value (%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for elvers fed the MM diet than for those fed the LM diet. There were no differences in diurnal ammonia‐nitrogen excretion rates. However, diurnal urea‐nitrogen excretion rates were significantly (P<0.05) affected by diet and rates were two to three times higher for all diets, except CGM, 4 h following the afternoon feed. Diet significantly affected apparent digestibility (AD); ADs of protein for SBM and LM were significantly (P<0.001) higher than for control diet, CGM and MM; AD of energy for LM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than for all the other diets. Fish meal protein was replaced by CGM, SBM and MM without compromising growth rates of the Australian short‐finned eel. However, whole lupin seed meal (LM) depressed growth and growth efficiencies most likely because of the high indigestible carbohydrate content.  相似文献