Treatment of Air Polluted with Xylenes using a Biofilter Reactor     

Bibeau  Louise  Kiared  Karim  Brzezinski  Ryszard  Viel  Guy  Heitz  Michèle 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,118(3-4):377-393

Biofiltration of air polluted by VOCs is now beingrecognized by the industrial and research communitiesto be an effective and viable alternative for theclassical environmental technologies. While a numberof biological aspects of the biofiltration process arewell understood, the effect of certain engineeringparameters such as temperature, pressure drop,bacterial count, etc., remained ambiguous especiallywhen several isomers have to be removedsimultaneously. In this paper are reported theresults of purification of air containing vapors ofxylenes in a laboratory-scale biofilter reactor. Thelatter is a packed bed of peat balls particlesspecifically designed and produced for this purpose. Three types of micro-organisms strains werescrutinizingly selected and immobilized on thefiltering material. Xylenes entering the biofilter ata relatively high inlet load (110 g m^-3 h^-1)are removed with an elimination capacity of60 g m^-3 h^-1 (at steady state). Theexperimental results obtained on the reduction ofxylenes were satisfactorily represented by thegeneralized Ottengraf's model.  相似文献   

Small-scale planted forests in Zululand,South Africa: an opportunity for appropriate development     

Cellier  Guy A. 《New Forests》1999,18(1):45-58

Forestry in South Africa is sharply divided between commercially driven private enterprise which controls 1.3 million ha of plantation forests, and government and nongovernment organizations which promote a variety of social forestry programs. One area of crossover is that of small-scale (1–2 ha) commercial woodlots being promoted by private timber companies as an additional source of fiber for their pulpmills, but grown and managed by individual farmers. Inputs, such as plants and fertilizers, as well as expertise in the form of extension foresters, are provided by the company, whereas the farmers supply the land and the labor. The company guarantees to buy the timber at the time of harvest. Under such arrangements, the risk is spread between the farmers and the company; the farmers assume most of the risks of production, and the company takes on the marketing risks. The possibilities for appropriate and sustainable development do exist under such a program, but issues involving both ecological and social sustainability must be addressed. This paper suggests that four key characteristics are needed to achieve appropriate development in Zululand. These characteristics are participation, flexibility, empowerment, and commitment. When compared to the current arrangement, the company would have to make a fundamental paradigm shift to achieve these goals. However, the long-term support of the farmers, and ultimately more fiber in the mills, would be the reward. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Engineered Resistance Against Fungal Plant Pathogens   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guy Honée 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(4):319-326

Development of genetic engineering technology and molecular characterization of plant defense responses have provided strategies for controlling plant diseases additional to those based on chemical control or classical breeding programs. Most of these alternative strategies are based on the overproduction of one component of the plant's own defense response. Some strategies exploit the hypersensitive response, a rapid, localized death of tissue surrounding the infection site, which is observed in many resistant plants upon unsuccessful pathogen attack. Most approaches to increase resistance to fungi have been described to be successful under laboratory conditions. Incorporation of these successful, alternative strategies in resistance breeding programs of agriculturally important crops will depend on the results obtained from field experiments.  相似文献   

Microbial aspects of atrazine biodegradation in relation to history of soil treatment     

Abdellah Yassir  Bernard Lagacherie  Sabine Houot  Guy Soulas 《Pest management science》1999,55(8):799-809

Among 15 soils with different cropping practices, seven which had an history of repeated atrazine applications showed accelerated degradation of this herbicide. By contrast, grassland or agricultural soils with no recorded atrazine application, at least for the last three years, had a low degradation potential. No direct relation was found between the rate of atrazine mineralisation and the size of the microbial biomass. In adapted soils, the amounts of extractable residues were lowered and the very high percentages of radioactivity from [ring-¹⁴C]atrazine recovered as [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide demonstrated that N-dealkylation and deamidation were the only processes for micro-organisms to derive carbon and energy for heterotrophic growth. Kinetics of microbial ¹⁴C accumulation revealed that atrazine ring carbon could be incorporated by direct oxidative condensation with structural components of the bacterial or fungal cell whereas side-chain carbon was preferentially used for biosynthesis of new protoplasmic cell material, as confirmed by the high turnover rate of radiolabelled microbial components. From the determination of the Michaelis–Menten parameters, V_m and K_m in the presence of different selective biocides, it was possible to conclude that fungi were probably less active in atrazine degradation than bacteria and that over years the microbial atrazine-degrading community showed an increased efficiency. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Small forest patches as pollinator habitat: oases in an agricultural desert?     

Proesmans  Willem  Bonte  Dries  Smagghe  Guy  Meeus  Ivan  Decocq  Guillaume  Spicher  Fabien  Kolb  Annette  Lemke  Isgard  Diekmann  Martin  Bruun  Hans Henrik  Wulf  Monika  Van Den Berge  Sanne  Verheyen  Kris 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(3):487-501

Landscape Ecology - Small forest fragments are often the most abundant type of semi-natural habitat in intensive agricultural landscapes. Wild pollinators can use these forest patches as nesting or...  相似文献   

The effect of mass-flowering orchards and semi-natural habitat on bumblebee colony performance     

Proesmans  Willem  Smagghe  Guy  Meeus  Ivan  Bonte  Dries  Verheyen  Kris 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(5):1033-1044

Landscape Ecology - Bumblebees are important pollinators for agricultural crops and wild plants. However, agricultural intensification and loss of semi-natural habitat may have adverse effects on...  相似文献   

Repellence of Myzus persicae (Sulzer): evidence of two modes of action of volatiles from selected living aromatic plants     

Tarek Dardouri  Hlne Gautier  Refka Ben Issa  Guy Costagliola  Laurent Gomez 《Pest management science》2019,75(6):1571-1584

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Influence of microbiota in the susceptibility of parasitic wasps to abamectin insecticide: deep sequencing,esterase and toxicity tests     

María del Mar Fernndez  Ivan Meeus  Annelies Billiet  Filip Van Nieuwerburgh  Dieter Deforce  Peter Vandamme  Elisa Viuela  Guy Smagghe 《Pest management science》2019,75(1):79-86

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Field identification of short-tailed albatross (Diomedea albatrus)     

Michael Gochfeld  Guy Tudor 《Biological conservation》1975,8(2):153-154

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