Seedborne fungal contamination: consequences in space-grown wheat     

Bishop DL  Levine HG  Kropp BR  Anderson AJ 《Phytopathology》1997,87(11):1125-1133

Plants grown in microgravity are subject to many environmental stresses that may promote microbial growth and result in disease symptoms. Wheat (cv. Super Dwarf) recovered from an 8-day mission aboard a NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space shuttle showed disease symptoms, including girdling of leaf sheaths and chlorosis and necrosis of leaf and root tissues. A Neotyphodium species was isolated from the seed and leaf sheaths of symptomatic wheat used in the spaceflight mission. Certain isozymes of a peroxidase unique to extracts from the microgravity-grown plants were observed in extracts from earth-grown Neotyphodium-infected plants but were not present in noninfected wheat. The endophytic fungus was eliminated from the wheat seed by prolonged heat treatment at 50 degrees C followed by washes with water at 50 degrees C. Plants from wheat seed infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte were symptomless when grown under greenhouse conditions, whereas symptoms appeared after only 4 days of growth in closed containers. Disease spread from an infected plant to noninfected plants in closed containers. Dispersion via spores was found on asymptomatic plants at distances of 7 to 18 cm from infected plants. The size and shape of the conidia, mycelia, and phialide-bearing structures and the ability to grow rapidly on carbohydrates, especially xylose, resembled the characteristics of N. chilense, which is pathogenic on orchard grass, Doctylis glomerati. The Neotyphodium wheat isolate caused disease symptoms on other cereals (wheat cv. Malcolm, orchard grass, barley, and maize) grown in closed containers.  相似文献   

Studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States: a model for international comparisons.     

J M Easton  P H Levine  R R Connelly  N E Day 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1979,2(2-3):221-228

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Expression and localisation of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -10 proteins in the normal canine mammary gland     

Jakab C  Halász J  Szász AM  Batmunkh E  Kiss A  Schaff Z  Rusvai M  Gálfi P  Kulka J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(3):341-352

The recently identified claudins are dominant components of tight junctions, responsible for cell adhesion, polarity and paracellular permeability. Certain claudins have been shown to have relevance in tumour development. The aim of the present study was to analyse the expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -10 in normal canine mammary glands. Samples from the inguinal mammary regions of 20 non-castrated, 1-13 years old female dogs were studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on conventional specimens and tissue microarrays. The results of the immunohistochemical reactions detecting claudins in tissue sections were photodocumented. The immunoreactivity of claudins was quantitatively analysed on digital images using Leica QWin morphometry software. Intense membranous immunolabelling was found for claudin-1, -3 and -7, intense membranous with non-granular cytoplasmic immunolabelling for claudin-2, moderate membranous immunolabelling for claudin-4 and -5, and weak membranous immunolabelling for claudin-10. The occurrence of tight junctions was confirmed by ultrathin section electron microscopy. The available data suggested that claudins might be proteins preserved throughout the evolution of mammals. The results of our study support the concept that they are indeed preserved, since the same type of claudins, in identical distribution, could be detected in our canine mammary tissue samples as could be found in human mammary tissue.  相似文献   

Politics     

Stephen Levine  Nigel S. Roberts 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2001,42(1):141-148

New Zealand politics during the 1990s was dominated by debate over a new electoral system, MMP (mixed member proportional), recommended in 1986 and endorsed by voters in 1992 and 1993. The four elections held during the 1990s were influenced, and at times overshadowed, by moves to adopt a new voting system based on proportional representation principles. The loss of confidence in New Zealand's two major parties, National and Labour, was accompanied by a rise in support for smaller parties. A related theme of 1990s politics revolves around the political career of Winston Peters, whose odyssey parallels the rise and fall in public esteem of the new electoral system itself. By the end of the 1990s, it was far from clear that the new system – and the political leadership which has come to power under its auspices – would be able to achieve for New Zealanders the goals of consensus and a sense of common enterprise valued by so many.  相似文献   

Investigation of the molecular detection of vaccine-derived equine herpesvirus type 1 in blood and nasal secretions from horses following intramuscular vaccination.     

Nicola Pusterla  Kristin P Chaney  Roger Maes  Annabel G Wise  Robert Holland  Hal C Schott 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(3):290-293

The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two local commingled and 2 distant nonvaccinated controls were included for each group. All horses were observed daily for evidence of clinical abnormalities throughout the study periods. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice before vaccination and once weekly for 4 weeks after vaccination and submitted for PCR testing for EHV-1 by 2 independent laboratories using different real-time PCR methodologies. Serum samples collected from all horses on the vaccination day and 21 days later were tested for antibodies against EHV-1 using a serum neutralization test. Whereas the 2 vaccine strains tested positive in both EHV-1 PCR assays, nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood collected from vaccinated and control horses had negative PCR test results for EHV-1 during the entire study period. Serum neutralization testing revealed a 2- to 4-fold increase in titers for all vaccinated horses, whereas titers in control horses were largely unchanged. The use of seropositive horses before immunization and the sampling frequency of 7 days may have prevented the occasional molecular detection of the vaccine virus in whole blood and nasopharyngeal secretions. However, the study results demonstrate that detection of EHV-1 DNA by PCR in vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy horses is not a common event.  相似文献   

Sporotrichosis in a cat     

R E Werner  B G Levine  W Kaplan  W C Hall  B J Nilles  M D O'Rourke 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1971,159(4):407-411

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Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). IV. Infectivity and transmissibility in day-old cockerels     

D A Peterson  A S Levine 《Avian diseases》1971,15(4):874-883

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Micronema deletrix in equine brain     

D H Ferris  N D Levine  P D Beamer 《American journal of veterinary research》1972,33(1):33-38

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Use of cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (II), a liposomal cisplatin analogue, in cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma     

Fox LE  Rosenthal RC  King RR  Levine PB  Vail DM  Helfand SC  MacEwen EG  Perez-Soler R  Calderwood-Mays M  Kurzman ID 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):791-795

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical response and toxic effects of cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (II) (L-NDDP) administered i.v. at escalating doses to cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). ANIMALS: 18 cats with oral SCC. PROCEDURE: Cats that failed to respond to conventional treatment or had nonresectable tumors were included. Data included a CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, cytologic examination of a fine-needle aspirate of enlarged lymph nodes, and thoracic and oral radiographs for clinical staging. A starting dose (75 to 100 mg/m2 of L-NDDP) was administered i.v.. At 21-day intervals, subsequent doses increased by the rate of 5 or 10 mg/m2. Response was evaluated every 21 days by tumor measurement and thoracic radiography. Quality of life was assessed by owners, using a performance status questionnaire. RESULTS: On average, cats received 2 treatments. Toxicoses included an intermittent, acute anaphylactoid-parasympathomimetic reaction, lethargy or sedation (< or = 24 hours), inappetence or signs of depression (< or = 72 hours), mild to moderate increase in hepatic enzyme activity, and melena. Pulmonary, renal, or hematopoietic abnormalities were not evident. Performance status surveys indicated normal behavior and grooming or decreased activity and self-care (19/20 assessments), ate well with or without assistance (15/20), and did not lose weight (15/20). Median survival time was 59.8 days (mean, 54.1 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: L-NDDP was ineffective for treatment of cats with oral SCC. None of the cats had a complete or partial remission. Acute toxicoses and poor therapeutic response limit therapeutic usefulness of L-NDDP in cats, unless dosage, frequency, and administration procedures can be improved.  相似文献   

Diagnostic Analysis of the Maricopa-Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District Area     

Allen R. Dedrick  Eduardo Bautista  Wayne Clyma  David B. Levine  Shirley A. Rish  Albert J. Clemmens 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2000,14(1-2):41-67

Diagnostic Analysis (DA) is a methodologyfor assessing and understanding the performance of anagricultural system. This analysis is thefirst step in a large system change process, known asthe Management Improvement Program (MIP), whoseobjective is to improve the performance of the agricultural system.A group of Federal andstate of Arizona agencies agreed to apply the MIPmethodology in a western U.S. setting. The purpose of theapplication was to test the applicability of the MIPapproach and to refine themethodology. This paper describes how the DAmethodology was applied in the Maricopa-StanfieldIrrigation and Drainage District (MSIDD) area incentral Arizona, USA, and summarizes the lessonsderived from that experience. Specific findings ofthe DA study and the response of MSIDD areaagriculture to those findings are discussed inseparate articles.  相似文献