THE ENDOPARASITE BURDEN OF CATTLE IN THE KIMBERLEY REGION OF NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA     

J Armstrong  D W Robinson  D R Lang 《Australian veterinary journal》1969,45(6):287-289

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Effect of active immunization against growth hormone releasing factor on concentrations of somatotropin and insulin-like growth factor I in lactating beef cows.     

K L Moore  J D Armstrong  R W Harvey  R M Campbell  E P Heimer 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1992,9(2):125-139

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of immunoneutralization of growth hormone-releasing factor [GRF(1-29)-NH2] on concentrations of somatotropin (ST) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in lactating beef cows. In Experiment 1, multiparous Hereford cows were immunized against 2 mg GRF(1-29)-(Gly)4-Cys-NH2 conjugated to human serum albumin (GRFi, n = 3) or 2 mg human serum albumin (HSAi, n = 3) at 52 +/- 1 d prior to parturition. Boosters (1 mg) were administered on days 12, 40 and 114 postpartum (pp). Serum samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 5 hr on days 18, 46 and 120 pp, followed by administration (IV) of an opioid agonist (FK33-824; 10 micrograms/kg) and an antagonist (naloxone; .5 mg/kg) at hours 5 and 7, respectively. A GRF-analog ([desamino-Tyr1, D-Ala2, Ala15] GRF (1-29)-NH2; 3.5 micrograms/kg) and arginine (.5 g/kg) were administered at hour 10 on days 47 and 121, respectively. Percentage binding of [125I]GRF (1:100 dilution of serum) 28 d after primary immunization was greater in GRFi (14.3 +/- 4.9) than in HSAi (.7 +/- .3) cows. Binding increased to 29.3 +/- 6.5% after first booster in GRFi cows. Episodic release of ST was abolished by immunization against GRF; concentration and frequency of release of ST were lower (P less than .05) in GRFi than in HSAi cows on all days pp. Concentrations of IGF-I were lower in GRFi than in HSAi cows throughout lactation. Serum ST failed to increase following FK33-824 or arginine in GRFi; however, ST increased after both compounds in HSAi cows. Concentrations of ST following GRF-analog were greater (P less than .05) in HSAi than in GRFi cows. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine if a lower dose of antigen and a single booster would be sufficient to lower ST and IGF-I in lactating cows. Multiparous Hereford and Angus cows were assigned to GRFi (n = 6) or HSAi (n = 6). Primary (1.2 mg) and booster (.5 mg) immunizations were administered -14 and 8 d from calving, respectively. Cows were restricted to 60% of recommended intake of energy during lactation in order to elevate concentrations of ST. Serum samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 hr on days 26, 50, 73, 90 and 109 pp. Two of six GRFi cows had binding less than 10% (1:1,000 dilution of serum) and were omitted from further analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

Reply to V. Chour's note on a heuristic model of soil water regimes in clay soils in the presence of mole drainage     

Adrian C. Armstrong 《Agricultural Water Management》1984,9(2):158-164

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Effect of supplemental iron,live saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and exercise on hemoglobin and packed cell volume of the blood of horses     

Wayne E. Loch  Linda Brockschmidt  Helen Harmon 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1984,4(3):125-127

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Hepatic abscesses in cats: 14 cases (1985-2002)     

Sergeeff JS  Armstrong PJ  Bunch SE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(3):295-300

In this retrospective study, we describe 14 cats diagnosed with hepatic abscesses. The objective of the study was to report the clinical signs, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic findings, and outcomes in affected cats. These findings were then compared with those previously reported in dogs and humans. Clinical signs were vague and included anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss. Only 23% of cats had fever, whereas 31% were hypothermic. Increases in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were found in 45 and 18%, respectively, of the 11 cats that had laboratory work performed. Abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed in 7 cats, and abnormalities were found in 71% of them. Four cats had solitary abscesses, all of which were located in the right liver lobes. The other 10 cats had multifocal small abscesses or microabscesses, and all of these cats had clinical signs suggestive of sepsis. Cytologic evaluation of samples obtained by abdominocentesis indicated septic inflammation in 67% of cats in which peritoneal fluid was analyzed. Hepatic abscess cultures yielded polymicrobial growth in 66% of the cats: Escherichia coli was the most commonly cultured organism. Overall mortality rate was 79%. All survivors underwent exploratory laparotomy for partial hepatectomy to resect the abscess followed by medical management. Hepatic abscesses should be considered in cats with signs consistent with sepsis. More routine use of ultrasonography may aid in earlier diagnosis of hepatic abscesses, potentially improving prognosis and outcome.  相似文献   

Use of computed tomography angiography to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimb of horses     

Collins JN  Galuppo LD  Thomas HL  Wisner ER  Hornof WJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(10):1409-1420

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Effect of a ractopamine feeding program on growth performance and carcass composition in finishing pigs     

See MT  Armstrong TA  Weldon WC 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(8):2474-2480

Barrows and gilts (n = 100 per gender) were used to determine the effects of an increasing, decreasing, or constant ractopamine (RAC) dietary concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs, within a gender, were assigned randomly to pens (five pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment). Pens were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments at a starting weight of 71.2 kg, to target an average ending weight of 109 kg. The four dietary treatments (as-fed basis) were 1) control = 0 ppm RAC, wk 0 to 6; 2) RAC step-up = 5.0 ppm, wk 1 to 2; 10.0 ppm, wk 3 to 4; and 20.0 ppm, wk 5 to 6; 3) RAC step-down = 20.0 ppm, wk 1 to 2; 10.0 ppm, wk 3 to 4; and 5.0 ppm, wk 5 to 6; and 4) RAC constant = 11.7 ppm, wk 0 to 6. Feed allocation was recorded daily, and pigs were weighed and feed was weighed back every 2 wk. Jugular blood samples were obtained from two randomly selected pigs per pen on d -3, 7, 21, 35, and 41 for determination of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. Two pigs were selected randomly per pen and sent to a commercial slaughter facility at the end of the 6-wk experimental period. Carcass data were evaluated on an equal time basis and on an equal weight basis by using hot carcass weight (HCW) as a covariate. Overall, ADG and G:F were improved (P < 0.05) for pigs fed RAC compared with control, with no differences among RAC feeding programs. In wk 3 and 4, improvements (P < 0.05) in ADG and G:F were realized with the implementation of a RAC step-up program compared with control pigs. The concentrations of PUN were decreased (P < 0.05) at d 7 and 21 with RAC feeding, and a RAC step-up program maintained the decrease (P < 0.05) in PUN through d 35 and 41. A RAC step-up and constant program increased (P < 0.05) HCW and percent yield. Loin muscle area and percentage of fat-free lean increased (P < 0.05) and backfat thickness decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed RAC. If pigs were considered to be on feed for an equal time period, advantages (P < 0.05) were observed for weight of boneless trimmed ham, shoulder and loin for the step-up and constant RAC treatments compared with the controls. Feeding a RAC step-up or constant feeding program resulted in favorable responses in growth performance and yielded more lean pork.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Armstrong TA  Cook DR  Ward MM  Williams CM  Spears JW 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(4):1234-1240

In each of two experiments, 924 pigs (4.99 kg BW; 16 to 18 d of age) were assigned to 1 of 42 pens based on BW and gender. Pens were allotted randomly to dietary copper (Cu) treatments that consisted of control (10 ppm Cu as cupric sulfate, CuSO4 x 5H2O) and supplemental dietary Cu concentrations of 15, 31, 62, or 125 ppm as cupric citrate (CuCit), or 62 (Exp. 2 only), 125 (Exp. 1 only), or 250 ppm as CuSO4. Live animal performance was determined at the end of the 45-d nursery phase in each experiment. On d 40 of Exp. 2, blood and fecal samples were collected from two randomly selected pigs per pen for evaluation of plasma and fecal Cu concentrations and fecal odor characteristics. In Exp. 1, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were increased (P < 0.05), relative to controls, when pigs were fed diets containing 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Pigs fed diets containing 125 ppm Cu as CuCit had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with pigs fed diets supplemented with 15 or 62 ppm Cu as CuCit. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ among pigs fed diets containing 125 and 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or 125 ppm Cu as CuCit. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets containing 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 had improved (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with controls. In addition, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were similar when pigs were fed diets containing either 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or 125 ppm Cu as CuCit. Pigs fed diets containing 62 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or CuCit had similar ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Plasma Cu concentrations were not affected by dietary Cu source or concentration, but fecal Cu concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) as the dietary concentration of Cu increased. Pigs consuming diets supplemented with 125 ppm Cu as CuCit had fecal Cu concentrations that were lower (P < 0.05) than pigs consuming diets supplemented with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Fecal Cu did not differ in pigs receiving diets supplemented with 62 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or CuCit. Odor characteristics of feces were not affected by Cu supplementation or source. These data indicate that 125 and 250 ppm Cu gave similar responses in growth, and that CuCit and CuSO4 were equally effective at stimulating growth and improving G:F in weanling pigs. Fecal Cu excretion was decreased when 125 ppm Cu as CuCit was fed compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Therefore, 125 ppm of dietary Cu, regardless of source, may provide an effective environmental alternative to 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 in weanling pigs.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Apple JK  Maxwell CV  Brown DC  Friesen KG  Musser RE  Johnson ZB  Armstrong TA 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(11):3277-3287

Two hundred sixteen crossbred barrows and gilts (84.3 kg BW) were used to test the effects of dietary energy density and lysine:energy ratio (Lys:ME) on the performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of finishing pigs fed 10 ppm ractopamine. Pigs were blocked by BW and gender, allotted to 36 pens (six pigs per pen), and pens were assigned randomly within blocks to dietary treatments (as-fed basis) arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design, with two levels of energy (3.30 or 3.48 Mcal/kg) and three Lys:ME (1.7, 2.4, or 3.1 g lysine/Mcal) levels. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 28 d, and weights and feed disappearance were recorded weekly to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Upon completion of the feeding trial, pigs were slaughtered and carcass data were collected before fabrication. During carcass fabrication, hams were analyzed for lean composition using a ham electrical conductivity (TOBEC) unit, and loins were collected, vacuum-packaged, and boxed for pork quality data collection. Energy density had no (P > 0.22) effect on ADG or ADFI across the entire 28-d feeding trial; however, pigs fed 3.48 Mcal of ME were more (P < 0.02) efficient than pigs fed 3.30 Mcal of ME. In addition, ADG and G:F increased linearly (P < 0.01) as Lys:ME increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g/Mcal. Carcasses of pigs fed 3.48 Mcal of ME were fatter at the last lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.08) and 10th rib (P < 0.04), resulting in a lower (P < 0.03) predicted fat-free lean yield (FFLY). Conversely, 10th-rib fat thickness decreased linearly (P = 0.02), and LM depth (P < 0.01) and area (P < 0.01) increased linearly, with increasing Lys:ME. Moreover, FFLY (P < 0.01) and actual ham lean yield (P < 0.01) increased as Lys:ME increased in the diet. Dietary energy density had no (P > 0.19) effect on pork quality, and Lys:ME did not (P > 0.20) affect muscle pH, drip loss, color, and firmness scores. Marbling scores, as well as LM lipid content, decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as Lys:ME increased from 1.7 to 3.1 g/Mcal. There was a linear (P < 0.01) increase in shear force of cooked LM chops as Lys:ME increased in the finishing diet. Results indicate that 3.30 Mcal of ME/kg (as-fed basis) is sufficient for optimal performance and carcass leanness in pigs fed ractopamine. The Lys:ME for optimal performance and carcass composition seems higher than that currently used in the swine industry; however, feeding very high Lys:ME (> 3.0 g/Mcal, as-fed basis) to ractopamine-fed pigs may result in decreased marbling and cooked pork tenderness.  相似文献   

Antibody isotype profiles in serum and circulating antibody-secreting cells following mucosal and peripheral immunisations of sheep     

Premier RR  Jacobs HJ  Lofthouse SA  Sedgmen BJ  Meeusen EN 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(1-2):77-84

The isotype-specific antibody responses of sheep immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin by a peripheral route (intramuscular (i.m.) injection) were compared to those induced by immunisation via different mucosal routes: (1) intra-nasal spray; (2) rectal deposition with cholera toxin; (3) injection into the mucosa of the small intestine or rectum. Antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies were induced in the i.m., intra-intestinal and intra-rectal injection groups and in a proportion of the cholera toxin immunised sheep, but not in the intra-nasal immunisation group. IgA was the only antibody isotype detected in serum collected from the intra-nasal immunisation group. No significant differences in serum IgA levels were detected in any of the mucosal immunisation groups as compared to the i.m. injection group. In contrast, analysis of the in vitro antibody profiles secreted by circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) revealed significantly higher IgA responses in the supernatants from all mucosal immunisation groups. This suggests that the measurement of antibodies secreted by circulating ASCs may be a better correlate of local mucosal responses in ruminants, as has been previously demonstrated in human studies. In addition to IgG1 and IgA responses, immunisation by direct injection of antigen formulations into the intestinal and rectal mucosa were the only groups to induce consistently high IgG2 antibodies in serum and ASC cultures.  相似文献