Cytological and Microsatellite Mapping of the Gene for Brittle Rachis in a Triticum Aestivum-Aegilops Tauschii Introgression Line     

N. Watanabe  Y. Fujii  N. Takesada  P. Martinek 《Euphytica》2006,151(1):63-69

Summary Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 2x = 14, DD), a wild relative of wheat has been considered to be a valuable source of variation for improvement of cultivated wheats. However, undesirable genes can be incorporated into the cultivated varieties from wild relatives. The spontaneous spike shattering caused by the brittle rachis character is of adaptive value in wild grass species, but not in cultivated varieties. The rachis of R-61, which was derived from the cross of T. aestivum cv. Bet Hashita with an accession of Ae. tauschii, was brittle. Using telosomic stocks, the brittle rachis gene Br ⁶¹ (tentatively designated) of B-61 was located on the short arm of chromosome 3D and the distance of Br ⁶¹ to the centromere was 31.9 cM. The distance of Br ⁶¹ from the centromeric marker Xgdm72 was 25.3 cM on the short arm of chromosome 3D. The location of Br ⁶¹ was similar to Br ₁ whose location was determined by telosomic mapping and microsatellite mapping. Discrepancy of disarticulation type was found between R-61 and Aegilops tauschii suggesting that the recombination around the regions of Br ₁ locus and Br ^t locus created the wedge type disarticulation of R-61.  相似文献   

Influence of the nitrogen form on in vitro organogenesis in Equisetum arvense     

Keiko Nakatani  Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2013,13(4):151-155

The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of organogenesis in Equisetum arvense have not been clarified yet. However, high concentrations of nitrogen have been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on in vitro tuber formation in E. arvense. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of the form of nitrogen in a medium on in vitro organogenesis in E. arvense. Single‐node segments of E. arvense rhizomes were cultured in the test medium. The NH₄‐N and NO₃‐N concentrations of the test medium, respectively, were adjusted by adding NH₄H₂PO₄ and KNO₃ to the basal medium. The basal medium was a nitrogen‐free, modified form of White's medium. Vegetative shoots were newly formed in the test tubes for concentrations of NO₃‐N and NH₄‐N that exceeded 56 mg L^?1. However, no rhizome was formed at NH₄‐N concentrations exceeding 28 mg L^?1. The number of newly formed tubers decreased at an NH₄‐N concentration of 28 mg L^?1 and no tuber was formed at NH₄‐N concentrations exceeding 56 mg L^?1. In summary, although the presence of NO₃‐N in the medium did not inhibit in vitro rhizome or tuber formation in E. arvense, the presence of NH₄‐N in the medium exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the in vitro formation of both of these organs.  相似文献   

Detection of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) in Semen of Human Male Infertile Patients     

Mo CHEN  Li-Yi CAI  Naoko KANNO  Takako KATO  Jinxing LU  Fan JIN  Honghua WANG  Masayo SEKITA  Masashi HIGUCHI  Saishu YOSHIDA  Hideji YAKO  Hiroki UEHARU  Shun-Ichiro IZUMI  Yukio KATO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):457-462

Recently we demonstrated an ectopic expression of the human herpesvirus 1 thymidine kinase (HHV1-TK) gene by functioning of an intrinsic endogenous promoter in the transgenic rat (TG-rat), suggesting that HHV1 infection in humans induces expression of the TK gene with the ectopic promoter in the testis and results in accumulation of HHV1-TK protein, triggering male infertility similar to that in the TG-rat. Hence, in this study, we started to investigate a relationship between infection of herpesvirus and human male infertility. Semen was donated by Chinese male infertile patients (153 men, aged 21–49 years) with informed consent, followed by DNA preparation and analysis by PCR and DNA sequencing. Semen volume, sperm number and density, and sperm motility were examined. DNAs of HHV1, HHV4, HHV5 and HHV6 were confirmed by PCR, electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Finally, virus DNA was identified in 59 patients (39%). The number of carriers was 39 (25%) for HHV1, 6 (4%) for HHV4, 33 (22%) for HHV5 and 3 (2%) for HHV6, respectively. Moreover, double-infection was found in 22 out of 59 specimens (37%), most of which were double-infection of HHV1 and HHV5 (15 out of 22 carriers). Though slight severity was present in some of the carriers, the relationship between virus infection and sperm impairment was not conclusive. Accordingly, it is essential to examine whether the viral HHV1-TK gene is expressed in the testis of the infertile human HHV carrier.  相似文献   

Changes in the Expression Patterns of the Genes Involved in the Segregation and Function of Inner Cell Mass and Trophectoderm Lineages During Porcine Preimplantation Development     

Takashi FUJII  Nobuyuki SAKURAI  Tsubasa OSAKI  Gentaro IWAGAMI  Hiroki HIRAYAMA  Akira MINAMIHASHI  Tsutomu HASHIZUME  Ken SAWAI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(2):151-158

In mouse embryos, segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) lineages is regulated by genes, such as OCT-4, CDX2 and TEAD4. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the segregation of the ICM and TE lineages in porcine embryos remain unknown. To obtain insights regarding the segregation of the ICM and TE lineages in porcine embryos, we examined the mRNA expression patterns of candidate genes, OCT-4, CDX2, TEAD4, GATA3, NANOG, FGF4, FGFR1-IIIc and FGFR2-IIIc, in blastocyst and elongated stage embryos. In blastocyst embryos, the expression levels of OCT-4, FGF4 and FGFR1-IIIc were significantly higher in the ICM than in the TE, while the CDX2, TEAD4 and GATA3 levels did not differ between the ICM and TE. The expression ratio of CDX2 to OCT-4 (CDX2/OCT-4) also did not differ between the ICM and TE at the blastocyst stage. In elongated embryos, OCT-4, NANOG, FGF4 and FGFR1-IIIc were abundantly expressed in the embryo disc (ED; ICM lineage), but their expression levels were very low in the TE. In contrast, the CDX2, TEAD4 and GATA3 levels were significantly higher in the TE than in the ED. In addition, the CDX2/OCT-4 ratio was markedly higher in the TE than in the ED. We demonstrated that differences in the expression levels of OCT-4, CDX2, TEAD4, GATA3, NANOG, FGF4, FGFR1-IIIc and FGFR2-IIIc genes between ICM and TE lineages cells become more clear during development from porcine blastocyst to elongated embryos, which indicates the possibility that in porcine embryos, functions of ICM and TE lineage cells depend on these gene expressions proceed as transition from blastocyst to elongated stage.  相似文献   

Anti-Thy-1 Antibody-mediated Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity is Regulated by the Distribution of Antigen,Antibody and Membrane Complement Regulatory Proteins in Rats     

Chie Kato  Atsuhiko Kato  Kenji Adachi  Etsuko Fujii  Kaori Isobe  Tomochika Matsushita  Takeshi Watanabe  Masami Suzuki 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(1):41-49

Some therapeutic antibodies as anticancer agents exert their effects through the host immune system, but the factors that predict their cytotoxicity, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), are unclear. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate some of these factors in a preclinical model. CDC-related mesangiolysis caused by administration of the anti-Thy-1.1 antibody can be studied in the rat anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis model, so the model was used in this study. Three animals each were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours after i.v. administration of the anti-Thy-1.1 antibody at 1mg/kg. The distribution of the Thy-1.1 antigen and 2 membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), Crry and CD55, in three non-treated animals and the distribution of the injected antibody and C3 in the model was studied by immunohistochemistry. In the mesangial cells of the kidney, both expression of the antigen and distribution of the antibody with C3 deposition were observed with weak expression of mCRPs. There was also antigen and antibody distribution in the medullary cells of the adrenal gland and in the lymphocytes of the thymus but no C3 deposition, which was thought to be related to high expression of mCRPs. The antigen was observed in several other organs and tissues without distribution of the antibody. Cell death was only observed in the mesangial cells. These results clearly demonstrate that activation of CDC is regulated by several factors, such as distribution of the target molecule, antibody distribution and the balance among the molecules of the CDC cascade and mCRPs.  相似文献   

Embryo Sexing and Sex Chromosomal Chimerism Analysis by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification in Cattle and Water Buffaloes     

Hiroki HIRAYAMA  Soichi KAGEYAMA  Satoru MORIYASU  Ken SAWAI  Akira MINAMIHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):321-326

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Effect of supplementation of rice bran and fumarate alone or in combination on in vitro rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and methanogens          下载免费PDF全文

Arfan Abrar  Makoto Kondo  Tasuku Kitamura  Tomomi Ban‐Tokuda  Hiroki Matsui 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(3):398-404

This study investigated the effect of fumarate (FUM) and rice bran (RB), alone and together, on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and methanogens. In vitro incubation was performed with six media that were either unsupplemented (control) or supplemented with 10% RB, 5 mmol/L FUM, 10% RB + 5 mmol/L FUM, 10 mmol/L FUM, or 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM. Methane (CH₄) production, dry matter digestibility, CH₄ per digested dry matter, total short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, proportion of SCFA, acetate : proprionate ratio, production of NH₃‐N, and population density of rumen microbes were determined. Supplementation with 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM yielded a 36% decrease in CH₄ production compared to the control. Supplementation of FUM, in the presence or absence of RB, provided increases in total SCFA production and propionate proportion up to 61% and 31%, respectively. Total bacteria, methanogens and protozoa populations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM supplementation. The effect of anti‐methanogenesis of FUM was enhanced by the addition of RB. Notably, the CH₄ production attenuation was achieved by 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM without reduction of digestibility or of ruminal fermentation.  相似文献   

Inhibition of host protein synthesis in B95a cells infected with the HL strain of measles virus     

Inoue Y  Tsukiyama-Kohara K  Yoneda M  Sato H  Kai C 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(1):29-41

The shut-off of host protein synthesis in virus-infected cells is one of the important mechanisms for viral replication. In this report, we showed that the HL strain of measles virus (MeV-HL) as well as other field isolates, which were isolated from human blood lymphocytes using B95a cells, induce the shut-off in B95a cells. Since the Edmonston strain of MeV failed to induce the shut-off in B95a cells, the ability to induce the shut-off was considered to be dependent on virus strains. Although, the modification of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF) including eIF4G, eIF4E, and 4E-BP1 was reported for shut-off by various viruses, the involvement of these eIFs was not observed in MeV-HL-infected B95a cells. Instead, the accumulation of phosphorylated eIF2alpha was found to coincide to the decrease of host protein synthesis, suggesting the involvement of phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in inhibition of translation as one of the mechanisms of the shut-off.  相似文献   

Differences in free amino acid composition between testis and ovary of sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthocidaris crassispina</Emphasis> during gonadal development     

Kazufumi Osako  Akihiko Fujii  Yaowalux Ruttanapornvareesakul  Naoki Nagano  Koichi Kuwahara  Akira Okamoto 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):660-667

ABSTRACT:   For the purpose of clarifying the differences of taste components between the testis and ovary of the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina , variations in free amino acid composition in gonadal extract during gonadal development were investigated using chemical and histopathological methods. Sea urchins were collected at Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan between 30 April and 5 June 2003, and maturation stages and the free amino acid compositions were determined. The sweet amino acids threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), and alanine (Ala), the umami amino acid glutamic acid (Glu), and the bitter amino acids lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) were the main constituents accounting for more than 80% of total free amino acids. In the testis and ovary, Gly levels were the highest among them and increased with gonadal development. The other free amino acids consisted mainly of bitter amino acids and either showed no variation or decreased with gonadal development. These variations in free amino acid composition were observed more clearly in the ovary than the testis. These findings indicate the possibility of differences in the flavor of sea urchin gonad by sex and gonadal development stages.  相似文献   

Changes in extractive components and microbial proliferation during fermentation of fish sauce from underutilized fish species and quality of final products     

Wakako Taira  Yasuhiro Funatsu  Masataka Satomi  Takashi Takano  Hiroki Abe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):913-923

To make use of underutilized fish species and produce high-quality condiments substitutable for those of mammalian origin, fish sauces were produced on a small industrial scale from three fish species, the flyingfish Cypselurus agoo agoo, the small dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, and the deepsea smelt Glossanodon semifasciatus, using salt and koji mold. During 180 days of fermentation, the pH decreased to approximately 4.5 and total nitrogen and free amino acids increased to approximately 2 g/100 mL and 6000 mg/100 mL, respectively. Halophilic and extreme halophilic bacterial counts dramatically increased from 10⁶ to 10⁸ colony forming units/mL between days 14 and 30 and decreased the reafter. In the final products, the pH and salt concentration decreased to between soy sauce and a Vietnamese fish sauce, Nuoc mam. The total amino acid and organic acid contents were almost the same as those of Nuoc mam and soy sauce. Sensory evaluation found these products to have lower smell, saltiness, and bitterness, and higher sweetness and umami taste than Nuoc mam. During fermentation, the histamine content increased in one or two of three fermentation tanks for each fish species. As a result, the histamine content of the final products was higher than that in Nuoc mam.  相似文献