基于烧失量指数评估滨海沉积物中有机质特征     

Narong TOUCH  Tadashi HIBINO  Hiroki TAKATA  Satoshi YAMAJI 《土壤圈》2017,27(5):978-984

Understanding organic matter characteristics(e.g., amount and state) of sediments is necessary for evaluating both the sediment and water environments; however, methods that have been proposed to investigate these characteristics are relatively expensive. This study attempted to evaluate the organic matter characteristics of littoral sediments by employing solely the loss on ignition(LOI)method, which is the most economical and accessible method in developing countries. Different types of sediments were first oven dried at 100℃ and then continuously burned at 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600℃ for 4 h at each temperature. The mass LOI at each temperature was calculated and compared with the 100℃ oven-dried weight. Our results suggested that the mass LOI across the temperature range of 200–300℃(LOI_(200-300)):mass LOI at 600℃(LOI_(600)) ratio(LOI_(200-300)/LOI_(600)) could represent different types of sediments as well as the organic matter:organic C ratio. Compared with the sediments unaffected by wastewater, the sediments that were more influenced by the inflow of domestic wastewater had a higher LOI_(200-300)/LOI_(600). Interestingly, LOI_(200-300)/LOI_(600) could also represent changes in the organic matter characteristics as a function of organic matter decomposition in sediments. In conclusion, the organic matter characteristics of littoral sediments could be evaluated using solely the LOI method, particularly with LOI_(200-300)/LOI_(600).  相似文献   

Cytologic,histologic, and immunohistochemical features of maxillofacial alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in a juvenile dog     

Mami Murakami  Hiroki Sakai  Nao Iwatani  Aki Asakura  Yuki Hoshino  Takashi Mori  Tokuma Yanai  Kohji Maruo  Toshiaki Masegi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(1):113-118

Abstract: A 15‐month‐old castrated male dog with a history of intermittent epistaxis and sneezing was admitted for the examination of a maxillofacial mass. An impression smear of a biopsy sample from the cauliflower‐shaped gingival mass contained numerous round cells, 5–25 μm in diameter, which contained a moderate amount of clear to pale blue cytoplasm and resembled lymphoid cells. Mitotic figures were frequently observed. The mass was diagnosed as malignant round cell neoplasia. On histologic examination the tumor was composed of diffusely arranged, small, atypical round cells with a small amount of fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, the cells were negative for CD3, CD18, CD20, CD79α, cytokeratin, melan‐A, chromogranin A, α‐smooth muscle actin, and myoglobin but positive for vimentin and desmin. The cells also had strong positive nuclear staining for myogenin and MyoD1. A diagnosis of solid‐pattern alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was made on the basis of morphologic and immunohistochemical results. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors in juvenile dogs, especially when cytologic findings reveal round, undifferentiated cells.  相似文献   

Oligoarray analysis of gene expression in ripening Japanese pear fruit     

Chikako Nishitani  Tokurou Shimizu  Hiroshi Fujii  Fumiko Hosaka  Shingo Terakami  Yuri Nakamura  Akihiro Itai  Ayako Yamaguchi-Nakamura  Toshiya Yamamoto 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

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Expression of two novel cytochrome P450 3A131 and 3A132 in liver and small intestine of domestic cats     

Honda K  Komatsu T  Koyama F  Kubota A  Kawakami K  Asakura H  Uno Y  Kitazawa T  Hiraga T  Teraoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1489-1492

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DNA methylation status of bovine blastocyst embryos obtained from various procedures     

Sawai K  Takahashi M  Fujii T  Moriyasu S  Hirayama H  Minamihashi A  Hashizume T  Onoe S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):236-241

DNA methylation is an important factor for the regulation of gene expression in early embryos. It is well known that the satellite I sequence is more heavily methylated in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT-SC) embryos than in embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the methylation status of bovine embryos obtained by other procedures is not well known. To clarify DNA methylation levels of bovine embryos obtained from various procedures, we examined satellite I sequences in bovine blastocyst (BC) embryos derived from NT-SC, NT using embryonic blastomeres (NT-EM), in vivo (Vivo), IVF and parthenogenetic treatment (PA). Furthermore, in order to evaluate the efficacy of DNA demethylation by the NT procedure, we determined the DNA methylation levels in bovine embryos in which NT was recapitulated (Re-NT). Although the DNA methylation levels in the NT-SC embryos were higher than those in the other embryos, the NT-EM embryos exhibited lower DNA methylation levels. The satellite I sequence in the NT-SC embryos was more demethylated than that in the donor cells. Although the DNA methylation level in the individual NT-SC embryos showed variation, the full-term developmental efficacy of these embryos were not different. These findings suggest that the methylation level of the satellite I sequence at the BC stage is not related to the abnormalities of bovine embryos produced by NT-SC. There was no difference in methylation levels between Re-NT and NT-SC embryos. Our results indicated that the DNA methylation status differed among embryos produced by various methods and that at least some of the demethylation of the donor cell genome occurred in the recipient cytoplast after NT-SC, but the demethylation ability of the NT procedure was noted in the first NT but not in the second NT.  相似文献   

Glomerular lipidosis accompanied by renal tubular oxalosis in wild and laboratory-reared Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus)     

Murai A  Murakami M  Sakai H  Shimizu H  Murata K  Yanai T 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):709-713

Glomerular lipidosis is a disease characterized by lipid accumulation in mesangial cells but that has not been fully investigated in avian species. We examined four wild and two laboratory-reared Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus mutus japonicus)--an endangered avian species--presenting vacuolar deposits in the glomeruli. All cases had vacuolar deposits in the glomeruli. In the wild cases, fewer than 30% of all glomeruli were affected, compared with more than 90% in the laboratory-reared cases. In the wild cases, most deposits were mild and restricted to the mesangial areas of glomeruli. In the laboratory-reared cases, nearly all of the deposits covered entire glomeruli. Electron microscopy of mild deposits revealed vacuoles in the cytoplasm of mesangial cells. These vacuoles were positive for Sudan III, Sudan black B, oil red O, Nile blue, periodic acid-Schiff, Schultz test, and digitonin stain and were negative for performaric acid-Schiff stains. Based on these results, we diagnosed the glomerular lesion as glomerular lipidosis caused by uptake of low-density lipoprotein in mesangial cells. Except for one wild case, all cases exhibited renal tubular oxalosis. The severity of tubular oxalosis tended to be related to the severity of glomerular lipidosis: In cases of mild glomerular lipidosis, tubular oxalosis was also mild or absent. We therefore diagnosed the primary lesion as glomerular lipidosis accompanied by tubular oxalosis. The four wild cases came from different zones and therefore had no opportunities to interbreed and no common relatives. We believe these data support the hypothesis that glomerular lipidosis is a disease of the general population ofJapanese rock ptarmigans. This is the first report of glomerular lipidosis accompanied by renal tubular oxalosis in an avian species.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in cattle and Ixodes persulcatus ticks     

Murase Y  Konnai S  Hidano A  Githaka NW  Ito T  Takano A  Kawabata H  Ato M  Tajima T  Tajima M  Onuma M  Murata S  Ohashi K 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):504-507

The tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), is increasingly becoming a public health concern as an aetiological agent for emerging infectious disease. We found A. phagocytophilum infection in a pooled sample of field-collected Ixodes persulcatus (I. persulcatus) ticks from one district in Hokkaido, Japan. Thus, to further investigate the prevalence in field-collected ticks, we used PCR assays targeting the A. phagocytophilum gene encoding 44 kDa major outer membrane protein (p44) for screening of I. persulcatus ticks and samples from cattle from pastures. Out of the 281 I. persulcatus ticks, 20 (7.1%) were found to harbor A. phagocytophilum DNA. The infection rate for A. phagocytophilum in cattle was 3.4% (42/1251). In future studies, it will be necessary to investigate effects of the infection in order to understand its pathogenesis of A. phagocytophilum in domestic animals.  相似文献   

Uptake by dietary exposure and elimination of aflatoxins in muscle and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Nomura H  Ogiso M  Yamashita M  Takaku H  Kimura A  Chikasou M  Nakamura Y  Fujii S  Watai M  Yamada H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):5150-5158

Uptake and elimination of aflatoxins (AFs) by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during a long-term (21 days) dietary exposure were studied to assess contamination by AFs in aquaculture fish fed AF-containing feed. The uptake factor (UF) of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in muscle ranged from 0.40 × 10(-3) to 1.30 × 10(-3). AFB(1) concentrations in liver were 165-342 times higher than in muscle. AFs from feed were more highly accumulated in liver than in muscle. Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) were detected in muscle and liver and also in the rearing water. AFL concentrations were higher than AFM(1) by 2 orders of magnitude in muscle, and AFL was a major metabolite of AFB(1). The elimination rate constants (α) of AFB(1) and AFL in muscle (1.83 and 2.02 day(-1), respectively) and liver (1.38 and 2.41 day(-1), respectively) were very large. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of AFB(1) was 0.38 days (9.12 h) in muscle and 0.50 days (12.00 h) in liver. The elimination half-life of AFL in muscle and liver was 0.34 day (8.16 h) and 0.29 day (6.96 h), respectively. These data show that AFs are eliminated rapidly and are not biomagnified in fish. Thus, AFB(1) concentration in muscle of fish fed AFB(1)-containing feed (ca. 500 μg/kg) decreased to below the detection limit (20 ng/kg) of the most sensitive analytical method at 1.54 days (36.96 h) after the change to uncontaminated feed.  相似文献   

Nitrocapsanthin and nitrofucoxanthin, respective products of capsanthin and fucoxanthin reaction with peroxynitrite     

Tsuboi M  Etoh H  Kato K  Nakatugawa H  Kato H  Maejima Y  Matsumoto G  Mori H  Hosokawa M  Miyashita K  Tokuda H  Suzuki N  Maoka T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10572-10578

The in vitro reactivity of capsanthin (1) and fucoxanthin (2) with peroxynitrite was investigated, and the reaction products produced by scavenging with peroxynitrite were analyzed. (14'Z)-Nitrocapsanthin (3) and 12-nitrocapsanthin (4) were isolated from the products of the reaction of capsanthin with peroxynitrite. Similarly, (14Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (5), (11Z)-11-nitrofucoxanthin (6), and (14Z,9'Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (7) were obtained from the reaction of peroxynitrite reaction with fucoxanthin. Capsanthin and fucoxanthin inhibited the nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite. Furthermore, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) and nitrofucoxanthins (5 and 6) exhibited an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells and an antiproliferative effect on human pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) inhibited carcinogensis of mouse skin tumors initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBN).  相似文献   

Effects of oocyte‐derived paracrine factors on release of extracellular vesicles by murine mural granulosa cells in vitro     

Yuta Matsuno  Natsumi Maruyama  Wataru Fujii  Kunihiko Naito  Koji Sugiura 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

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