Interactions between different genotypic tissues in citrus graft chimeras   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jinmei Zhou  Yutaka Hirata  Ill-Sup Nou  Hiroshi Shiotani  Tsutau Ito 《Euphytica》2002,126(3):355-364

The heritability of tolerance of wheat F₃ lines to competition from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and its relationship to morphological traits, were determined using crosses between wheat cultivars with good and poor competitive ability. Forty F₂-derived F₃ lines from a cross between two late flowering varieties (Machete × Spear) and 40 from a cross between early flowering varieties (Wilgoyne × Gutha) were grown in the field with and without annual ryegrass. There was significant genetic variation between lines within each of the two populations in a number of aspects of plant growth and development, including yield in monoculture. The estimates of heritability for % yield loss due to competition were 0.25 and 0.57 in the two crosses respectively, indicating that selection for high tolerance to competition in the F₃ generation or later should be effective. Fairly strong relationships between height and % yield loss and between leaf length and % yield loss suggest that these may be useful auxiliary traits when selecting for low % yield loss. However, differences between crosses in the magnitude and sign of genetic and phenotypic correlation between traits indicate that competitive ability is a complex character influenced by many factors. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Amphidiploids between Cyclamen persicum Mill. and C. purpurascens Mill. induced by treating ovules with colchicine in vitro and sesquidiploids between the amphidiploid and the parental species induced by conventional crosses     

Hiroshi Ishizaka  Junjiro Uematsu 《Euphytica》1995,86(3):211-218

Summary We cultured colchicine-treated hybrid ovules in vitro to produce fertile amphidiploids of C. persicum (2n=2x=48. referred to as AA) × C. purpurascens (2n=2x=34, referred to as BB). Seedlings and mature plants were obtained from the ovules without colchicine and those exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 5, 10 and 15 days, whereas they were not obtained from the ovules exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 20 days and 500 mg/l for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Although 8 mature hybrids derived from the ovules without colchicine produced a few fertile pollen grains, they failed to produce viable seeds by self-fertilization. The hybrids had 41 somatic chromosomes. Four and 3 mature plants were derived from ovules exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 10 and 15 days, respectively. One each among 4 and 3 mature plants showed a high frequency of pollen grain fertility, produced several seeds by self-fertilization, and had 82 somatic chromosomes which is twice the number of hybrid chromosomes (2n=41, AB). These findings indicated that these plants are amphidiploids (2n=82, AABB) between C. persicum and C. purpurascens. Three and 2 viable seeds were derived by the conventional crosses of diploid C. persicum × the amphidiploid and the amphidiploid × C. purpurascens, respectively. Flowering plants that developed from the seeds of diploid C. persicum × the amphidiploid were barely fertile and had 65 somatic chromosomes (2n=65, AAB), whereas those that developed from the seeds of the amphidiploid × C. purpurascens were barely fertile and had 58 somatic chromosomes (2n=58, ABB). The somatic chromosomes indicated that these plants are probably sesquidiploids between the amphidiploid and either C. persicum or C. purpurascens. The interspecific cross-breeding of cyclamen using the amphidiploids and the sesquidiploids is discussed.  相似文献   

A gamete abortion locus detected by segregation distortion of isozyme locus Est-9 in wide crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S. Y. Lin  H. Ikehashi 《Euphytica》1993,67(1-2):35-40

Summary A locus for male gamete abortion in hybrids for Japonica and Indica rice was identified with the aid of marker genes Rc and Est-9 on chromosome 7. In an Indica-Japonica cross, AKAMAI 1/IR50, the Indica allele Est-9 ² was transmitted via the male gamete with a ratio of 0.29 instead of the normal 0.5, whereas no segregation distortion was observed for the Rc locus. The recombination value (p) for Est-9 and Rc was estimated to be 0.38 by a least square method after adjusting Mendelian segregation ratios with the male transmission ratios of 0.29 (Tr) for Est-9 ² and 0.71 (1-Tr) for Est-9 ¹. The recombination value (q) for the new locus for male gamete abortion, ga-11, and Est-9 was estimated to be 0.23 by using 56 F₃ lines from F₂ plants which were heterozygous for the Est-9 locus. No linkage for Rc and ga-11 was found. Therefore, the two markers and ga-11 were located in the order of ga-11-Est-9-Rc. Using the estimated recombination value (q), the male transmission rate (k) of ga-11 ^a was estimated to be 0.11 with the F₂ data and-0.07 with the F₃ line data. Thus, it was apparent that male gametes possessing ga-11 ^a were frequently aborted in the Indica-Japonica hybrid.  相似文献   

Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying milling quality of rice (Oryza sativa) grains   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Z. F. Li    J. M. Wan    J. F. Xia    H. Q. Zhai  H. Ikehashi 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(3):229-234

Milling quality of rice grains is important to both producers and consumers. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling brown rice rate (BR), milled rice recovery (MR) and head rice recovery (HR) were analysed by composite interval mapping over 2 years using 98 backcross inbred lines (BILs). A total of 12 QTLs for the three traits were detected, of which five were for BR, four for MR and three for HR. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 7.5 to 19.9%, and additive effects contributed by a single QTL accounted for 0.46 to 2.34% of the variation. QTL‐by‐environment interactions were observed by comparing QTL mapping of the same population grown in two consecutive years. Three of five QTLs for BR and two of four QTLs for MR were detected in 2 years, and all three QTLs for HR were detected in 1 year only. BR was significantly correlated with MR, and all four QTLs of MR were located in the same regions as those of BR. This indicated that QTLs for highly correlated traits could often be detected in the same interval.  相似文献   

Effects of heating on the interaction of lipid and zein in a dry powder system     

Mizutani Y  Matsumura Y  Murakami H  Mori T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3570-3576

The effects of heat treatment on the interaction of lipid and zein in a dry powder system were investigated. Linolenic acid ethyl ester (LAE) was mixed with the zein powder. The glass transition temperature (T(g)) for the dry powder zein was shown to be approximately 107 degrees C by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogram of the zein-LAE mixed powder showed an exothermic transition near the T(g) of zein. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for detecting the structural changes in zein by heat treatment, that is, elevating the temperature from 25 to 160 degrees C. The heat treatment of the powdery zein with and without LAE caused increases in the alpha-helix, beta-turn, and beta-sheet, concomitant with decreases in the intermolecular hydrogen-bonded beta-sheet and random coil. Such changes in the secondary structure were more drastic for the powder with LAE. The heating of the zein-LAE mixed powder also caused decreases in the peaks originating from LAE in the FT-IR spectra. These results suggest that the heat treatment induced the interaction of the zein and LAE in the powdery system. The influence of heating on the antioxidative activity of dry powder zein was studied by measurements of the peroxide value. When zein-LAE mixed powder was heated before storage, the oxidation of LAE was inhibited for 7 days, whereas LAE was oxidized within 1 day in the absence of heat treatment.  相似文献   

Effects of protein and peptide addition on lipid oxidation in powder model system     

Park EY  Murakami H  Mori T  Matsumura Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):137-144

The effect of protein and peptide addition on the oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPE) encapsulated by maltodextrin (MD) was investigated. The encapsulated lipid (powder lipid) was prepared in two steps, i.e., mixing of EPE with MD solutions (+/- protein and peptides) to produce emulsions and freeze-drying of the resultant emulsions. EPE oxidation in MD powder progressed more rapidly in the humid state [relative humidity (RH) = 70%] than in the dry state (RH = 10%). The addition of soy protein, soy peptide, and gelatin peptides improved the oxidation stability of EPE encapsulated by MD, and the inhibition of lipid oxidation by the protein and the peptides was more dramatic in the humid state. Especially, the oxidation of EPE was almost perfectly suppressed when the lipid was encapsulated with MD + soy peptide during storage in the humid state for 7 days. Several physical properties such as the lipid particle size of the emulsions, the fraction of nonencapsulated lipids, scanning electron microscopy images of powder lipids, and the mobility of the MD matrix were investigated to find the modification of encapsulation behavior by the addition of the protein and peptides, but no significant change was observed. On the other hand, the protein and peptides exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity in the powder systems as well as in the solution systems. These results suggest that a chemical mechanism such as radical scavenging ability plays an important role in the suppression of EPE oxidation in MD powder by soy proteins, soy peptides, and gelatin peptides.  相似文献   

Bow variation in kiln-dried boxed-heart square timber of sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) cultivars     

Kana Yamashita  Yasuhiko Hirakawa  Shuetsu Saito  Hiroshi Nakatani  Motoyoshi Ikeda 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(5):363-370

To evaluate the bow variation in boxed-heart square timber of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), bows from kiln-dried timber for five sugi cultivars with different longitudinal shrinkage trends were compared for two stem heights. Two general trends were observed, depending on the cultivar: (1) either the bow was larger at the lower than at the upper part of the stem, or (2) the bows at the lower and the upper parts of the stem were similar. In timber that had larger bow values, the gradients of longitudinal shrinkage were large across the radius and along the length of the timber. There was a positive relationship between the bow and longitudinal shrinkage. These results suggest that the bow variation between the timbers was caused by a variation in longitudinal shrinkage, which was affected by the microfibril angle. Furthermore, the bow was inversely proportional to the modulus of elasticity, which suggests that timber with a low modulus of elasticity is susceptible to a large bow due to large longitudinal shrinkage.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs)     

R. Shishido  M. Kikuchi  K. Nomura  H. Ikehashi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):179-186

As a part of an in situ survey of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar (Burma), 16 strains of wild rice were collected, and analyzed for allelic diversity over 74 loci with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to obtain a basic information for their conservation. Three each of indica and japonica cultivars were added for a comparison. In the six cultivars and 16 strains of wild rice, three to 15 alleles were detected per locus with an average of 7.9. The wild rice revealed a large number of unique alleles throughout their chromosomes with much wider ranges of variation than those detected in the six cultivars of O. sativa L.. The alleles found in the wild rice were classified into those specific to wild rice, common to wild rice and cultivars, and those similar to indica or japonica cultivars. According to the classification, the genotype of each of the 16 strains of wild rice was schematically depicted. The genetic variation among individual strains within a collection site was larger than the variation among the collection sites.  相似文献   

Naidid worms (Oligochaeta, Naididae) in paddy soils as affected by the application of legume mulch and/or tillage practice     

Hiroshi Yokota  Nobuhiro Kaneko 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,35(2):122-127

Reproduction, intrinsic rate of natural increase and population density of naidid worms were investigated in submerged paddy fields and the laboratory. No tillage plus legume-mulching increased the population density of naidid worms. Soil treatments with neither tillage nor legume mulch, and tillage practice alone, did not increase the number of worms. Dero dorsalis Ferronnière was dominant in soil of the no-tillage treatment. In laboratory experiments, legume-mulching with the proper amount of dissolved O₂ accelerated asexual reproduction of D. dorsalis through zooid budding. For the legume and aeration treatment, (N_i+1-N_i) N_i^-1 values (where N_i and N_i+1 are the populations at times t=i and t=i+1) were plotted against N_i+1. Utilizing this linear relation, this data fitted the logistic curve (r²=0.885, P<0.05). Based on the linear relation, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), carrying capacity (K), and doubling time (T) were calculated as 0.2125 day^-1, 12,666 m^-2, and 3.26 days, respectively. The amounts of legumes applied were highly correlated with the population of D. dorsalis, indicating that the weight of legume is a limiting factor with respect to carrying capacity. A literature review indicated a significant correlation (P<0.01) between intrinsic rate of natural increase and maximum body length of naidids with temperature conversion of the growth rate. Sexually mature worms were rarely found in submerged paddy fields. Sexual reproduction seems to be adopted in response to soil desiccation after paddy field drainage.  相似文献   

Trends of Air Pollution and Its Present Situation in Hiroshima Prefecture     

Prabal K. Roy  Hiroshi Sakugawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1805-1810

The ambient concentration of SO₂, NOx and O_x in the atmosphere of Hiroshima, Fukuyama and Fuchu city which were monitored by the prefectural monitoring stations, are examined to give a picture of the typical air pollution at these sites. Results show that the yearly concentrations of SO₂ in these areas are significantly fall from 20 to 6 ppb during 1978–1996 when the NOx concentrations having no such significant change which varies from 40 to 30 ppb. The Photo-chemical Oxidant (Ox) increases annually at the rate of 0.3 ppb to 0.6 ppb in Hiroshima city only. To know the present situation of air pollution the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) system is used in the city of Higashi Hiroshima. The daily average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, O₃ and HONO measured during the period of August 1999 to March 2000 ranged from 1.4 ppb to 2.8 ppb, 13 ppb to 26.9 ppb, 21 ppb to 53.6 ppb and 1 ppb to 4.3 ppb respectively. The patterns of concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ measured by DOAS look similar to the seasonal patterns of NOx and Ox by the conventional system.  相似文献