A survey on hydatidosis in livestock in Northern Iran based on data collected from slaughterhouses from 2004 to 2008     

Mansoorlakooraj H  Saadati D  Javadi R  Heydari S  Torki E  Gholami H  Fard RM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):364-367

Data have been collected from slaughterhouses in three provinces across the Northern Iran (Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan) from March 2004 to March 2008. These data were collected to evaluate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats. During the study, 3,347,797 animals were slaughtered. These included 621,686 cattle, 1,719,725 sheep and 1,006,386 goats. The prevalence of infection in cattle, sheep and goats was 12%, 14.6% and 10.1%, respectively. The association of condemnation rates with seasons was not proven statistically.  相似文献   

Fruit thinning in ‘Conference’ pear grown under deficit irrigation: Implications for fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage     

Gerardo Lopez  Christian Larrigaudière  Joan Girona  M. Hossein Behboudian  Jordi Marsal 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Fruit thinning in pear is feasible for mitigation of water stress effects. However, it is not well known how fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage is affected by pre-harvest water stress. Even less is known about the effects of fruit thinning on quality under these circumstances. To elucidate these, we applied deficit irrigation (DI) and fruit thinning treatments to ‘Conference’ pear over the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. At the onset of Stage II (80 and 67 days before harvest in 2008 and 2009, respectively), two irrigation treatments were applied: full irrigation (FI) and DI. FI trees received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). DI trees received no irrigation during the first three weeks of Stage II to induce water stress, but then received 20% of ETc to ensure tree survival. From bud-break until the onset of Stage II and during post-harvest, FI and DI trees received 100% of ETc. Each irrigation treatment received two thinning levels: no thinning leaving commercial crop load (∼180 fruits tree⁻¹), and hand-thinning at the onset of Stage II leaving a light crop load (∼85 fruits tree⁻¹). Under commercial crop loads, DI trees were moderately water-stressed and this had some positive effects on fruit quality. DI increased fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids concentrations (SSC) and acidity at harvest while no changes were observed in fruit maturity (based on ethylene production). Differences in FF and acidity at harvest between FI and DI fruit were maintained during cold storage. DI also reduced fruit weight loss during storage. But fruit size was reduced under DI. Fruit thinning under DI resulted in better fruit composition with no detrimental effect on fresh-market yield compared to un-thinned fruit. Fruit size at harvest and SSC values after five months of cold storage were higher in fruit from thinned trees than fruit from un-thinned trees. Fruit thinning increased fruit ethylene production, indicating advanced maturity. This may lead to earlier harvest which is desirable in years with impending drought. Fruit thinning is therefore a useful technique to enhance pear marketability under water shortage.  相似文献   

Participatory rural appraisal to identify needs and prospects of market-oriented dairy industries in Bangladesh     

Shamsuddin M  Alam MM  Hossein MS  Goodger WJ  Bari FY  Ahmed TU  Hossain MM  Khan AH 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(8):567-581

We assessed resources, challenges and prospects of the dairy industries in four districts of Bangladesh (Mymensingh, Satkhira, Chittagong and Sirajganj) with the participation of 8 to 12 dairy farm families in each district. We used ten participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools, namely social mapping, semi-structured interview, activity profiles, seasonal calendar, pie charts, mobility diagram, matrix ranking, preference ranking and scoring, system analysis diagram and focus group discussion in 57 PRA sessions from September through October 2002. Dairying contributed more to family income (63 to 74%) and utilized a smaller portion of land than did crops. Twenty seven to 49% of cattle feed is rice straw. Only Sirajganj and Chittagong had limited, periodic grazing facilities. Fodder (Napier; Pennisetum purpureum) cultivation was practiced in Sirajganj and Satkhira. Fodder availability increased milk production and decreased disease occurrence. Friesian crossbred cows were ranked best as dairy cattle. The present utilization of veterinary and AI services was ranked highly. Farmers outside the milk union desired milk purchasing centres as the most required service in the future. They identified veterinary and AI services as inadequate and desired significant improvements. The PRA tools effectively identified resources, constraints, opportunities and farmers’ perspectives related to the dairy industries in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Ultrasound for efficient emulsification and uniform coating of an anionic lubricant on cotton     

Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti  Hossein Adibzadeh 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(1):65-70

In this paper, a softener of aliphatic acid ester was treated with an ultrasonic bath and coated on cotton. The particle size distribution of the softener in water was evaluated by a particle size analyzer. Physical and surface properties of the fabric after coating with the ultrasonic treated softener were compared with a control sample. Different technical measurements were utilized for this purpose including bending lengths measurement (BLM), friction coefficient measurement (FCM), evaluation of crease recovery angle (CRA), moisture regain measurement (MRM), evaluation of contact angle (CA), reflectance spectroscopy (RS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that ultrasound enhances softener distribution in water and it improves the drapeability, friction behavior, wrinkle recovery and water repellency of cotton due to uniform coating of softener.  相似文献   

Salt-affected soils,reclamation, carbon dynamics,and biochar: a review     

Sevda Amini  Hossein Ghadiri  Chengrong Chen  Petra Marschner 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(3):939-953

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Improvement in estimation of soil water retention using fractal parameters and multiobjective group method of data handling     

Mohammad Reza Neyshaburi  Hossein Bayat  Kourosh Mohammadi  Nader Nariman-Zadeh  Mahdi Irannejad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):257-273

Soil water retention characteristic is required for modeling of water and substance movement in unsaturated soils and need to be estimated using indirect methods. Point pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for prediction of soil water content at matric suctions of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 1500 kPa were developed and validated using a data-set of 148 soil samples from Hamedan and Guilan provinces, Iran, by multiobjective group method of data handling (mGMDH). In addition to textural and structural properties, fractal parameters of the power-law fractal models for both particles and aggregates distributions were also included as predictors. Their inclusion significantly improved the PTFs’ accuracy and reliability. The aggregate size distribution fractal parameters ranked next to the particle size distribution (PSD) in terms of prediction accuracy. The mGMDH-derived PTFs were significantly more reliable than those by artificial neural networks but their accuracies were practically the same. Similarity between the fractal behavior of particle and void size distributions may contribute to the improvement of the derived PTFs using PSD fractal parameters. It means that both distributions of the pore and particle size represent the fractal behavior and can be described by fractal models.  相似文献   

The role of root plasma membrane ATPase and rhizosphere acidification in zinc uptake by two different Zn-deficiency-tolerant wheat cultivars in response to zinc and histidine availability     

Faezeh Shahsavari  Seyed Ali Mohammad Mirmohammady Maibody  Hossein Shariatmadari  Amir Massah 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1646-1658

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effect of histidine (His) and Zn deficiency on H⁺-ATPase activity and H⁺ release from wheat roots. Two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Kavir and Back Cross Roshan) were grown in a nutrient solution for four weeks before being transferred to treatment solutions consisting of two concentrations of His (0 and 50 µM) and two concentrations of Zn (0 and 10 μM). The Zn-only and the Zn+His treatments were observed to release more H⁺ in the root media than did the control ones, with the highest achieved under the Zn+His treatment which was roughly 2.1 times higher than that under the control conditions. The H⁺ release from wheat roots increased slightly but significantly in the presence of only His when compared with the control solutions. The hydrolytic and transport activities of H⁺-ATPase were affected by both Zn deficiency and His supply. In both cultivars, application of Zn and His resulted in a higher hydrolytic activity of H⁺-ATPase when compared with the control solutions. The highest hydrolytic activity of H⁺-ATPase in the root plasma membrane vesicles was achieved with the Zn+His treatment. The ‘Back Cross Roshan’ exhibited a higher (PM) H⁺-ATPase activity and H⁺ pumping than did ‘Kavir’.  相似文献   

Zinc fractions in soil and uptake by wheat as affected by different preceding crops     

Mojtaba Norouzi  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh  Majid Afyuni 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):670-678

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in alkaline and calcareous soils. Limited information is available on the effect of preceding crops on the distribution of Zn in soil solid phase. This field study was conducted to investigate the changes in Zn chemical forms in soil solid phase as affected by four preceding crops [Sunflower (Heilianthus annuus L. cv. Allstar), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Speed Feed), Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv. Koseh-e-Isfahan)] in a calcareous soil. A control treatment with no preceding crop (fallow) was also used. Our results showed that the preceding crops increased Zn concentration in exchangeable fraction (EXCH-Zn), the organically bound zinc form (ORG-Zn) and zinc bound to iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX-Zn) while decreased carbonates bound-zinc (CAR-Zn) and residual zinc forms (RES-Zn). However, the changes in Zn fractions were dependent on the preceding crop type. The EXCH-Zn and ORG-Zn pools can be considered labile pools that play significant roles in supplying Zn for plants. Among the preceding crops used in this experiment, clover (Clo) had the highest effect on transforming CAR-Zn form to EXCH-Zn and ORG-Zn labile forms and thus resulted in the highest Zn accumulation in tissues of the target wheat (Triticumaestivum L. cv. Back Cross). Although the changes in chemical forms of Zn in the soil solid phase are complex and dependent on various factors, our findings showed that the preceding crops significantly increased the concentration of Zn in exchangeable and organic matter pools and in turn resulted in higher uptake of Zn by the target wheat.  相似文献   

CONTROLLED RELEASE OF FERTILIZER MICROCAPSULES USING ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE POLYMER TO ENHANCE MICRONUTRIENT AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY     

Jahangir Abedi-Koupai  Jaleh Varshosaz  Mahsa Mesforoosh  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1130-1138

There have as yet been no detailed studies of micronutrient release from polymer coated fertilizers (PCFs). In this research, slow release microcapsules containing iron fertilizer was made and its release pattern evaluated. Three polymers ethyl cellulose (EC), glycerol mono stearate (GMS) and Compritol 888 ATO, were mixed with avicel and lactose and the microcaopsules were made by extrusion/spheronization method. The dissolution test carried out to determine the Fe release rate versus time. The results showed that, microcaopsules containing Compritol 888 ATO, released iron ions slower than that of EC and GMS. The release rate reached 85% after 7 days. In order to reduce the release rate, these microcaopsules were coated with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer by dip coating method. It is concluded that the combination of matrix type formulation and the coating with EVA polymer caused a significant decrease in the release rate of iron.  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF RICE SEEDLINGS TO COLD,SALT, AND DROUGHT STRESSES     

Maryam-Sadat Shobbar  Omid Azhari  Zahra-Sadat Shobbar  Vahid Niknam  Hossein Askari  Mohammad Pessarakli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1037-1052

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most sensitive crops to drought, salt and cold stresses, particularly at post germination stage. The effects of these stresses on some physiological responses of two (a salt tolerant and a sensitive) rice cultivars ‘FL478’ and ‘IR29’ were investigated in this study. Two-day seedlings were transferred to MS media complemented with iso-osmotic concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) or mannitol (0, 100, 180, and 275 mM) at 25°C or four and 15°C for 10 days. Experiments were carried out based on completely randomized design, with at least three replicates. All three stresses decreased shoot growth, chlorophylls, carotenoids and root starch while increased shoot soluble sugars. The effect of exerted cold stress on growth, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malonyldialdehyde levels, electrolyte leakage, chlorophylls and carotenoids contents was more than or comparable with drought, but greater than salinity. The results also indicated higher tolerance of ‘‘FL478’’ not only to salinity but also to drought compared to ‘‘IR29’’. Therefore, a mechanism for osmotic stress adjustment is probable in ‘‘FL478’’ in addition to low sodium (Na⁺) to potassium (K⁺) ratio in shoot tissues under salinity.  相似文献