Pet food safety: sodium in pet foods     

Chandler ML 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2008,23(3):148-153

Healthy dogs and cats appear to be able to adjust to differing amounts of sodium in their diet via the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms. There is no strong evidence that increased dietary sodium increases the risk of hypertension in dogs and cats, and the current recommendation for hypertensive animals is to avoid high dietary salt intake without making a specific effort to restrict it. The prevalence of salt sensitivity and its effect on blood pressure has not been determined for cats or dogs. The ideal amount of sodium in the diet of dogs and cats with cardiac deficiency has not been determined, as increasing may detrimentally increase the extracellular fluid volume, but decreasing it may detrimentally increase the activation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Increased dietary sodium increases urine output and may decrease the risk of forming calcium oxalate uroliths due to the decrease in relative supersaturation of solutes. However, caution should be used in increasing the sodium intake of patients with renal disease as increased dietary sodium may have a negative effect on the kidneys independent of any effect on blood pressure.  相似文献   

Investigating the microstructure of plant leaves in 3D with lab-based X-ray computed tomography     

Andrew W. Mathers  Christopher Hepworth  Alice L. Baillie  Jen Sloan  Hannah Jones  Marjorie Lundgren  Andrew J. Fleming  Sacha J. Mooney  Craig J. Sturrock 《Plant methods》2018,14(1):99

  相似文献   

The computed tomographic “tree‐in‐bud” pattern: Characterization and comparison with radiographic and clinical findings in 36 cats          下载免费PDF全文

Harriet Hahn  Swan Specchi  Isabelle Masseau  Carol Reinero  Ghita Benchekroun  Jaime Rechy  Gabriela Seiler  Pascaline Pey 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):32-42

  相似文献   

Prospective evaluation of abdominal ultrasonographic findings in 35 dogs with leptospirosis          下载免费PDF全文

Anthony Barthélemy  Isabelle Goy‐Thollot  Céline Pouzot‐Nevoret 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):98-106

  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic anatomy of reproductive female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)          下载免费PDF全文

Claire Vergneau‐Grosset  Isabelle Masseau 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(3):333-344

Captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) often present to the exotic clinic for gastrointestinal impactions, follicular stasis, or dystocia. To our knowledge, normal ultrasonographic anatomy of these lizards has not been described. The objectives of this prospective, anatomic, analytical study were to develop ultrasound techniques for this species and to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the head, coelomic cavity, and tail. Eleven, healthy, female leopard geckos were included. A linear array 13–18 MHz transducer was used. Geckos were sedated and restrained in dorsal recumbency for coelomic structure examination and in ventral recumbency for head and tail examinations. Sagittal and transverse images were acquired and authors recorded qualitative and quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics of anatomic structures. The ventral surface of the lungs, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, portal vein, ventral abdominal vein, aorta, ovarian follicles, fat bodies, tail, and brain were visualized in 10 of 11 individuals. In one individual, molt precluded ultrasonographic examination. The heart, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, and pancreas were not visualized. The digestive tract was observed in 10 individuals but was too small to be measured. Findings from the current study could be used as a reference for future studies of leopard geckos.  相似文献   

Inflammatory cytokine and C‐reactive protein concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome          下载免费PDF全文

Kris Gommeren DVM  PhD  DECVIM  Isabelle Desmas DVM  DACVIM  Alexandra Garcia DVM  Natalie Bauer DVM  PhD  DECVCP  Andreas Moritz DVM  PhD  DECVIM  Joachim Roth DVM  PhD  Dominique Peeters DVM  PhD  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(1):9-19

  相似文献   

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)     

Ricardo González‐Araya  Isabelle Quéau  Claudie Quéré  Jeanne Moal  René Robert 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(5):710-726

To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g^?1 h^?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g^?1 h^?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g^?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g^?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g^?1 h^?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.  相似文献   

Fine‐scale habitat partitioning of Chilean and Peale's dolphins and their overlap with aquaculture     

Sonja Heinrich  Tilen Genov  Marjorie Fuentes Riquelme  Philip S. Hammond 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(Z1):212-226

Differing trophic niches of three French stygobionts and their implications for conservation of endemic stygofauna     

Fabio Ercoli  Franois Lefebvre  Marjorie Delangle  Nil God  Michel Caillon  Roland Raimond  Catherine Souty‐Grosset 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(12):2193-2203

Do by‐catch reduction devices in longline fisheries reduce capture of sharks and rays? A global meta‐analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Brett Favaro  Isabelle M Côté 《Fish and Fisheries》2015,16(2):300-309

By‐catch in marine fisheries, particularly those using pelagic and demersal longlines, is a major driver of declines in abundance of sharks and rays around the world. A wide variety of by‐catch reduction devices (BRDs), that is, modified gears designed to reduce incidental captures of a variety of marine species while maintaining target catch rates, have been proposed, but the extent to which BRDs actually reduce the risk of catching sharks and rays remains unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis of 27 publications that reported the capture of sharks and rays and, in some cases, of targeted teleosts in longline gear deployed with and without BRDs. The risk of shark and ray capture differed between types of BRDs, but only one BRD type, longlines raised off the bottom, reduced by‐catch significantly. Circle hooks did not reduce the risk of capturing sharks and rays but might improve discard survival and are inexpensive, which might make them effective in reducing the detrimental effects of longlining on these species. In addition to being generally ineffective, some devices, such as electropositive and magnetic repellents, are expensive and have inherent construction drawbacks that are likely to make them unsuitable for commercial use. Overall, most BRDs did not affect the likelihood of catching targeted teleosts, but a substantial number of studies did not adequately assess target catch. We identified two poorly studied classes of BRD gear (i.e. raised demersal longlines, and monofilament nylon leaders), which represent promising directions for future research.  相似文献