A model‐based meso‐zooplankton production index and its relation to the ocean survival of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)     

JAMES J. RUZICKA  THOMAS C. WAINWRIGHT  WILLIAM T. PETERSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2011,20(6):544-559

The ocean survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off the Pacific Northwest coast has been related to oceanographic conditions regulating lower trophic level production during their first year at sea. Coastal upwelling is recognized as the primary driver of seasonal plankton production but as a single index upwelling intensity has been an inconsistent predictor of coho salmon survival. Our goal was to develop a model of upwelling‐driven meso‐zooplankton production for the Oregon shelf ecosystem that was more immediately linked to the feeding conditions experienced by juvenile salmon than a purely physical index. The model consisted of a medium‐complexity plankton model linked to a simple one‐dimensional, cross‐shelf upwelling model. The plankton model described the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, small and large phytoplankton, meso‐zooplankton (copepods), and detritus. The model was run from 1996 to 2007 and evaluated on an interannual scale against time‐series observations of copepod biomass. The model’s ability to capture observed interannual variability improved substantially when the copepod community size distribution was taken into account each season. The meso‐zooplankton production index was significantly correlated with the ocean survival of hatchery coho salmon from the Oregon production area, although the coastal upwelling index that drove the model was not itself correlated with survival. Meso‐zooplankton production within the summer quarter (July–September) was more strongly correlated with coho survival than was meso‐zooplankton production in the spring quarter (April–June).  相似文献   

Surgical Treatment of Mineralized and Nonmineralized Supraspinatus Tendinopathy in Twenty-four Dogs     

M. PILAR LAFUENTE  DVM PhD    BOEL A. FRANSSON  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    JAMES D. LINCOLN  DVM  MS    STEVEN A. MARTINEZ  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    PATRICK R. GAVIN  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVR    KEVIN K. LAHMERS  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP    JOHN M. GAY  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):380-387

Objective— To report and compare the clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, histopathologic changes, and outcomes of dogs with mineralized and nonmineralized supraspinatus tendinopathy (ST).
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=24) with ST.
Methods— Medical records (1995–2006) of dogs with ST that had surgical treatment were reviewed. Results of clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, surgery, histopathology of resected tendon tissue, and outcome were compared between dogs with mineralized and nonmineralized ST.
Results— There were 15 dogs with mineralized ST and 9 with nonmineralized ST. Chronic, unilateral, intermittent or waxing-waning lameness, and pain elicited on palpation of the cranial aspect of the shoulder were the most consistent findings. On ultrasonographic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 35 shoulders, enlargement of the supraspinatus tendon (54%), increased fluid content (63%), and medial displacement of the biceps tendon (60%) were observed. Eleven of 12 dogs with bilateral abnormalities only had unilateral lameness. Surgery was performed in 30 shoulders. Resected tendon specimens had myxomatous degeneration and/or cartilaginous metaplasia in 11 of 13 dogs in the mineralized group and all 9 dogs in the nonmineralized group. Functional outcome after surgery was poor in 3 dogs and good-to-excellent in 16.
Conclusions— Mineralized and nonmineralized ST have many similarities. Although lameness is usually unilateral, the supraspinatus tendon may be affected bilaterally.
Clinical Relevance— Ultrasonography and MRI are good imaging techniques for detection of ST especially the nonmineralized form. Surgical treatment results in good recovery of limb function. Nonmineralized ST is a recently described disorder in dogs and evaluation of more cases is necessary to determine outcome after surgical or medical treatment.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ACUTE NECROTIZING MYOPATHY IN A DOG     

LUISA DE RISIO  JAMES FRASER MCCONNELL  ALBERTA DE STEFANI  LARA MATIASEK  ALEJANDRO LUJAN FELIU-PASCUAL  GLORIA DIANE SHELTON 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(6):639-643

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CVA,DRIS, AND CND NORMS FOR THREE HYBRIDS OF POPULUS MAXIMOWICZII PLANTED IN SOUTHERN QUEBEC     

WILGENS RENÉ  BenoÎT CÔTÉ  CLAUDE CAMIRÉ  MAGDALENA BURGESS  JAMES W. FYLES 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):118-142

Plantations of hybrid poplars adapted to relatively poor soils and cold conditions are being established in abandoned fields and forest sites in southern Quebec. Hybrids of Populus maximowiczii are well adapted to these sites but little is known about their nutritional requirements. The objectives of this study were to develop nutritional norms (CVA, DRIS, CND) for three of these hybrids: 915508, Populus euramericana or canadensis X Populus maximowiczii; 3729, Populus nigra X Populus maximowiczii; and 915303, Populus maximowiczii X Populus balsamifera, and to apply the norms on some sites recently planted in southern Quebec. Six plantations (two per clone) were used for the determination of nutritional norms. In each plantation, individual trees were fertilized with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) according to a factorial design with three levels of application for each nutrient (3⁵ = 243 treatments). Tree diameter and height, unit foliar mass and foliar chemistry (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) of each tree were determined two years after fertilization. CVA, DRIS and CND norms were determined using a boundary-line approach with each plantation. Nutritional norms could be established for most combinations of clones and nutrients. CVA, DRIS and CND indices produced with published optimum nutrient concentrations for hybrid poplars closely related to P. maximowiczii were generally in agreement with the ones developed in our study. Differences in nutritional norms among P. maximowiczii hybrids/clones were small but hybrid/clone specific norms could provide more precise estimates of tree nutrition. The application of the norms on some representative sites of southern Quebec revealed more frequent nutrient imbalances than true nutrient deficiencies with generally excessive Ca and Mg, and limiting N, P, and K.  相似文献   

Pollinators of the invasive plant, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), in north-eastern Oregon, USA     

JAMES MCIVER  ROBBIN THORP  KAREN ERICKSON 《Weed Biology and Management》2009,9(2):137-145

The potential pollinators of yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) were surveyed at six sites in north-eastern Oregon, USA, between May and September from 2000 to 2002. The objective of the study was to determine the species composition and relative abundance of the insects that visited yellow starthistle throughout the flowering season and to assess the pollen loads on their bodies in order to infer which species might be the most effective pollinators of this invasive plant species in north-eastern Oregon. A total of 1923 individual flower visitors were collected at the six sites over the 3 year study period, comprising four orders, 41 families, and 203 species of insects. The 20 most commonly collected species represented nearly 59% of the individuals and just ten of these species could be considered the key pollinators, judging by the combination of abundance and pollen carriage (the megachilids, Megachile apicalis (introduced) and Megachile perihirta , the apids, Apis mellifera (introduced), Bombus bifarius , Bombus centralis , Svastra obliqua , and Melissodes lutalenta , the halictids, Halictus tripartitus and Halictus ligatus , and the tachinid, Peleteria malleola . Over the 3 year study period, the six sites were consistently distinct in their flower visitor fauna, with the metropolitan Pendleton sites having a species composition distinct from the four mountain sites. Consistent patterns of interannual variation also were observed over the 3 year study. These patterns of flower visitation are interpreted in the context of the plant community within which yellow starthistle grows in north-eastern Oregon.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a Biofragmentable Anastomosis Ring for Small Intestinal Anastomosis in Ponies     

HELGA F. BLEYAERT VMD    JOHN B. MADISON VMD  Diplomats ACVS    JAMES E. BAILEY DVM  MS  CALVIN M. JOHNSON DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(4):327-335

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Special Valuation of Farmland and Closely Held Business Realty for Estate Tax Purposes     

ROBERT M. KOZUB  JAMES P. TREBBY 《Growth and change》1984,15(3):25-29

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Interbasin Water Transfers in Riparian Doctrine States: the Case for Interregional Compensation     

JAMES HITE 《Growth and change》1986,17(4):10-24

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Urethral Extension for Correction of Urovagina in Cattle A Review of 14 Cases     

GUY ST. JEAN dvm  ms    BRUCE L. HULL dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs    JAMES T. ROBERTSON dvm  Diplomateacvs    GLEN F. HOFFSIS dvm  ms  Diplomateacvim  GEORGE K. HAIBEL dvm  Diplomateact 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):258-262

Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows.  相似文献   

Gradual Occlusion of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats Using the Ameroid Constrictor     

JAMES C. VOGT DVM    D.J. KRAHWINKEL JR  DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS  RONALD M. BRIGHT DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS    GREGORY B. DANIEL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR    ROBERT L. TOAL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR  BARTON ROHRBACH DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(6):495-502

Gradual occlusion of the splenic vein, using a specialized device (ameroid constrictor), was evaluated experimentally in three normal beagle dogs. Splenoportograms were used to verify that total occlusion of the splenic vein had occurred in all dogs within 4 to 5 weeks after application of the device. The ameroid constrictor (AC) was also evaluated as a method of gradual vascular occlusion in 12 dogs and two cats with single, extrahepatic, portosystemic shunts (PSS). Serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations were measured and portal scintigraphy (PS) was performed on all 14 animals preoperatively and 10, 20, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Two dogs (14%) died from portal hypertension in the early postoperative period. One dog and one cat developed multiple acquired PSS, confirmed by mesenteric portography 90 days after the operation. Portal scintigraphy confirmed total occlusion of the primary shunt in the other 10 animals. Shunt fractions (SF), as measured by PS on postoperative days 30 and 60, declined significantly from preoperative values. Significant decreases were noted between preoperative and postoperative values for preprandial SBA on postoperative day 60 and for postprandial SBA on postoperative day 30. SBA concentrations did not correlate with SF. Based on this study, gradual vascular occlusion using the AC is recommended as a method for treatment of single, extrahepatic, PSS.  相似文献