与香蕉种质离体保存相关的几个遗传学问题   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

吴元立  易干军  周碧容  曾继吾 《果树学报》2004,21(4):365-369

目前香蕉种质的离体保存主要有缓慢生长保存和超低温保存两种方法。综合有关文献综述和讨论了香蕉种质离体保存过程涉及的遗传多样性、遗传稳定性和完整性、适应等遗传学问题。在开展香蕉种质离体保存的过程中,对离体保存所带来的遗传学方面的影响加以重视并设法减少其影响十分重要:(1)香蕉的生物学特性决定了香蕉种质的离体保存主要以始于吸芽茎尖的培养物作为保存材料;为减少取样环节样本容量较小带来的影响,建议保存数量较大的种质份数。(2)离体保存尤其是缓慢生长保存会引起香蕉种质的遗传不稳定性,因此有必要进行定期的检测。目前香蕉种质遗传稳定性的检测方法主要有形态鉴别、超微结构的观察、同工酶分析和分子标记等。(3)与缓慢生长保存相比较,超低温保存除了在保存过程中香蕉种质遗传稳定性较高,在实现对香蕉种质的长期保存方面也具有明显的优越性。  相似文献   

中国杨梅资源及利用研究评述   总被引：30，自引：2，他引：30  

何新华  陈力耕  陈怡  郭长禄 《果树学报》2004,21(5):467-471

杨梅属植物有60多个种,我国有6个种。综合有关文献归纳了我国6种杨梅种质资源的现状及地理分布,重点介绍了杨梅种的种质资源情况。全国现有杨梅栽培品种305个,单系120个,其中18个栽培品种通过了省级审定用于商业生产。由于杨梅具有重要的食用、药用、生态和观赏价值,经济效益、生态效益和社会效益兼备,开发潜力巨大。就杨梅果品开发、药用价值、工业原料、生态林果几方面探讨了杨梅资源的开发利用现状,重点介绍了杨梅的药用价值及活性成分。针对杨梅资源开发利用中存在的问题,提出加快杨梅医药产品的研制开发,充分利用杨梅生态效益,用于环境治理和生态重建的建议。  相似文献   

苹果矮化砧木‘辽砧2号’选育   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘志  李喜森  伊凯  荣志祥  杨锋  杨巍 《果树学报》2004,21(5):501-503

从1135系的助列涅特与M9杂交实生苗中选出优良苹果矮化砧木—辽砧2号(原代号80-1-6),经过22年田间观查和区试鉴定,其矮化性、早果性、丰产性、生根性与M26相近,适应性强于M26,以其为中间砧的富士树栽后6年进入盛果期,平均株产为23.5kg,同龄M26为17.2kg;8年生树冠积为4.07m3,同龄M26为4.58m3,树体存活率较M26高55%,平均每666.7m2产量1000kg以上;与基砧山定子和生产上主栽的富士系、元帅系、国光系等品种亲和性良好,以自根砧和中间砧方式利用均可。  相似文献   

限水灌溉对转基因抗虫棉产量形成的影响     

刘生荣  刘党培  易永华  贾涛 《干旱地区农业研究》2004,22(4):65-67,74

采取限水灌溉的方法,研究了灌水对棉花产量形成的影响。研究结果表明,合理灌水能促进棉花开花成铃,延长最佳成铃时段,增加棉株优质节位的成铃数,单株籽棉干物重增加23.4%～61.9%,产量提高16.8%～45.3%。灌水量以675m3/hm2效果最好,灌水效益高达0.57kg/m3,灌水量达1350m3/hm2增产幅度下降,灌水效益仅0.21kg/m3。  相似文献   

赤峰市松山区土地利用动态变化及其原因分析   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8  

贾宝全王成  马玉峰 《干旱区研究》2004,21(3):235-239

以TM遥感资料为信息源 ,利用 3S技术手段 ,对内蒙古自治区赤峰市松山区 1987,1993,2 0 0 0年的土地利用变化进行了分析。结果表明 ,在不同年度内 ,其主要的土地利用类型为耕地、草地和林地。土地利用类型的总量变化也以这 3种土地利用类型和建设用地变化最大。而从年变化速率看 ,1987- 2 0 0 0年 ,以建设用地的增加和未利用土地类型的减少最为快速。从土地利用类型转化的方向看 ,以耕地、草地和林地相互之间的转化最为频繁。从土地利用类型的空间稳定性看 ,耕地的稳定性最高 ,其次为草地 ;而最不稳定的土地利用类型为未利用土地。利用相关分析所作的土地利用变化动因显示 ,该地区土地利用变化的驱动因素主要是社会与经济因素 ,其中以总人口、农业总产值、粮食作物产量总计、农牧民人均纯收入、化肥使用面积和化肥实物量等因子的作用最大 ,而自然因素对该地区土地利用变化的影响极小。  相似文献   

Relationship of p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms with protein expression in breast carcinomas     

XIAO Ning-xin  LI Zhong-hong  JIN Yi  WANG Guo-qiang  SU Zu-lan 《园艺学报》2004,20(6):976-980

AIM: To investigate the relationship between p21^WAF1gene polymorphisms and protein expression in breast carcinoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphisms technique (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical assay of S-P immunostaining technique were used to study polymorphisms of p21^WAF1 and protein expression respectively on the specimen of paraffin-embedded tissues in 100 cases of breast carcinomas and 40 benign breast diseases as control. RESULTS: Two p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were found in 18% (18/100) of breast carcinomas and 5% (2/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=3.94, P＜0.05). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 50% (50/100) of breast carcinomas and 12.5% (5/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=16.84, P＜0.01). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21^WAF1 protein were found in 100% (18/18) of breast carcinomas with p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms and 39% (32/82) of no p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (χ²=21.95, P＜0.01). The p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms were correlated with the protein expression in breast carcinomas (r=0.576, P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: p21^WAF1 gene polymorphisms may create the different copies of mRNA and may make relevant protein molecules.  相似文献   

The mechanism of apoptosis induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells     

CHEN Chun-yan  JIA Ji-hui  PAN Xiang-lin  ZHANG Qi  WANG Juan-dong  ZHOU Ya-bin 《园艺学报》2004,20(7):1183-1186

AIM: To study the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells. METHODS: After establishing the model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells, at the point of apoptosis initiation, molecular caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Fas/FasL were measured with flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope. ERK2 and P38 expression in HL-60 cells were detected by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine was established in HL-60 cells. At the point of apoptosis initiation, upregulation of caspase-3 and decrease in Bcl-2/Bax were observed. However, the expression of Fas/FasL did not significantly change. ERK2 expression decreased and P38 expression increased. CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways were involved in signal transduction of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells.  相似文献   

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide     

JIA Bin  LI Zhi-chao  DONG Ming-qing  ZHANG Li-li  QI Hao-wen 《园艺学报》2004,20(7):1247-1250

AIM: To investigate effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. METHODS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded with model 6280 physiology intelligentialize grapher, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) concentrations in plasma were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or following LPS ,ANP was injected into vein in rats. After experiment,lung water as well as pulmonary histopathological changes was measured and observed, respectively. RESULTS: Administration of LPS elicited a persistence decrease in MAP (8.1 kPa±2.6 kPa,at 4 h,P<0.01 vs control); NO and ET concentration in plasma was evident higher than that in control group, respectively (P<0.01); Wet-dry ratio of lung was higher than that in control group (5.15±0.43,at 4 h) (P<0.05); Alveolus detelectasis was observed and pulmonary mesenchyme was thicker than that in control group. No erythrocyte and leukocytes in alveolus,which show an interstitial pulmonary edema, was observed in LPS+ANP group, ANP maintained MAP at higher levels (13.35 kPa±2.93 kPa, at 4 h, P<0.05 vs LPS) after an transient decline when LPS was injected; NO and ET concentration of plasma had all significantly decrease, respectively (P<0.05 vs LPS, at 4 h); Wet-dry ratio of lung was lower than LPS group (4.57±0.35, P<0.05). Compared with control group the ratio was not evident difference (P>0.05); The histopathological of lung displayed markedly improved. CONCLUSION: ANP attenuates ALI induced by LPS in the rat. The effect of ANP may be via decreasing secretion of ET,NO and regulation arterial blood pressure.  相似文献   

Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of oncosis     

CHEN Yi  HUANG Xiu-rong  QI Ming-xin 《园艺学报》2004,20(11):2143-2146

Oncosis is another form of cell death, which is different from apoptosis. The review will discuss the recent advances of oncosis on pathological morphology, nuclear biochemical changes and molecular mechanisms.  相似文献   

体外试验中不同粗精比对山羊瘤胃细菌氨态氮利用效率的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵国琦  丁健  孙龙生  张艳云  刘大林  贾亚红  陈小连 《畜牧兽医学报》2004,35(6):640-645

利用体外发酵法研究了4种粗精比(10∶0、8∶2、6∶4和4∶6)底物对山羊瘤胃细菌产量、15NH3-N利用效率的影响。结果表明:混合培养液的pH值与氨态氮浓度在8h内急剧下降,而后至24h呈缓慢下降;经24h培养的细菌产量在8∶2、6∶4和4∶6组中差异不显著(P>0.05),但都极显著地高于10∶0组(P<0.01);细菌体15N丰度以8∶2及4∶6组较高,显著高于10∶0和6∶4组(P<0.05);细菌体15N富集量以8∶2组最高,底物547.43μg15N中有120.44μg被细菌体富集,显著高于10∶0组(P<0.05),但6∶4、4∶6组与10∶0组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。细菌赖氨酸的相对百分组成随精饲料比例的增加而显著增加,胱氨酸在粗饲料组(10∶0)显著高于其它组,但各精饲料添加组间差异不显著,组氨酸以8∶2组为最高,显著高于10∶0组,但与其它精饲料添加组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献