Cytologic and Histopathologic Evaluation of Extruded Canine Degenerate Disks     

ANGELA B. ROYAL  DVM  MS    MUNASHE CHIGERWE  BVSc  Diplomate ACVIM    JOAN R. COATES  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM    CHARLES E. WIEDMEYER  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP    LINDA M. BERENT  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(7):798-802

Objective— To describe the cytologic and histopathologic appearance of degenerate disk material in dogs with Hansen type I intervertebral disk disease (IVDD).
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=45) that had surgical intervention for Hansen type I IVDD (January–November 2007).
Methods— Impression smears and histopathologic sections were prepared from surgically removed degenerate disk material. All slides were evaluated for overall cellularity, quantity and attributes of extracellular matrix, types of cells present, and their cytomorphology. Histopathologic sections were also examined for presence of neovascularization and hemorrhage.
Results— Cytologically, 11 of 45 samples consisted of only extracellular matrix, 30 had evidence of inflammation, and 20 contained dysplastic spindloid cells. Histologically, hyaline cartilage predominated in 35 of 45 samples, fibrocartilage in 4, and spindloid cells in 6; 37 of 45 were inflamed, 37 were hemorrhagic, and 13 had neovascularization.
Conclusions— The cytologic and histopathologic appearance of extruded degenerate disk material in dogs is variable and can include dysplastic spindloid cells.
Clinical Relevance— The variability in cytologic findings and frequent presence of dysplastic spindloid cells suggest that cytology alone may not be a reliable tool to differentiate degenerate canine disk material from a mesenchymal neoplasm.  相似文献   

Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments     

THOMAS TOBIN  JOAN D. COMBIE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1982,5(2):105-118

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Factors affecting digestibility and in-vivo energy content of cat foods     

PETER T. KENDALL  PHILIP M. SMITH  DAVID W. HOLME 《The Journal of small animal practice》1982,23(9):538-554

Apparent digestibility and digestible energy (DE) content of 43 canned and 28 packeted samples of commercial cat foods were determined using panels of six adult domestic cats. Metabolizable energy (ME) content was also measured with 22 of the canned and 14 of the packeted foods. Mean apparent crude protein (CP), acid ether extract (AEE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) digestibility percentages of all foods (N = 71) were 78, 77 and 69. Apparent AEE and CP digestibility percentages increased in a curvilinear manner with intake; logarithmic regression curves explained 50 and 24 per cent of the variation in AEE and CP digestibility by intake. The use of modified Atwater factors over-estimated ME content of canned and packeted foods by 21 and 27 per cent respectively, compared with in vitro values. Twenty-one single or mulitple regression equations were generated predicting in-vivo DE or ME content of foods from laboratory analyses. The use of such equations in the practical definition of energy content of cat foods is discussed.  相似文献   

INTRACRANIAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING LUMBAR MYELOGRAPHY IN TWO DOGS     

REBECCA A. PACKER  ROBERT L. BERGMAN  JOAN R. COATES  STEPHANIE C. ESSMAN  KEVIN WEIS  DENNIS P. O''BRIEN  GAYLE C. JOHNSON 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(4):323-327

Intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare but serious complication of lumbar puncture in humans. Possible sequelae include increased intracranial pressure, cerebral vasospasm, or mass effect, which can result in dysfunction or brain herniation. We describe two dogs that developed intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage following lumbar myelography. In both dogs, myelography was performed by lumbar injection of iohexol (Omnipaque). Both the dogs underwent uneventful ventral decompressive surgery for disk herniation; however, the dogs failed to recover consciousness or spontaneous respiration following anesthesia. Neurologic assessment in both dogs postoperatively suggested loss of brain stem function, and the dogs were euthanized. There was diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and leptomeningeal hemorrhage throughout the entire length of the spinal cord, brain stem, and ventrum of brain. No evidence of infectious or inflammatory etiology was identified. The diagnosis for cause of brain death was acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our findings suggest that fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a potential complication of lumbar myelography in dogs. The cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is not known, but may be due to traumatic lumbar tap or idiosyncratic response to contrast medium. Subsequent brain death may be a result of mass effect and increased intracranial pressure, cerebral vasospasm, or interaction between subarachnoid hemorrhage and contrast medium.  相似文献   

Cervical Spinal Locking Plate in Combination with Cortical Ring Allograft for a One Level Fusion in Dogs with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy     

ROBERT L. BERGMAN  DVM  MS Diplomate ACVIM    JONATHAN M. LEVINE  DVM  Diplomate ACVIM    JOAN R. COATES  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM    ANNE BAHR  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVR    BIANCA F. HETTLICH  T  Diplomate ACVS    SHARON C. KERWIN  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(6):530-536

Objective— To evaluate use of a surgical technique commonly used in humans for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in dogs.
Design— Prospective case series.
Animals— Dogs with CSM (n=10).
Methods— Dogs weighing >30 kg that had CSM at 1 vertebral articulation were eligible for inclusion. Dogs had vertebral column distraction/fusion performed using a cortical ring allograft, cancellous autograft, and a spinal locking plate. Dogs were evaluated temporally by repeat neurological examinations and by client perception of postsurgical outcome, determined by telephone interview.
Results— Nine dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. Seven of 8 dogs had moderate to complete improvement without recurrence (mean follow-up, 2.48 years). The most common postsurgical complications were screw loosening (n=4) and plate shifting (2), neither of which required surgical revision. One dog had pseudoarthrosis that may have negatively impacted outcome.
Conclusion— Treatment of single level CSM in dogs with ring allograft and a spinal locking plate system may lead to successful outcomes. The major problems encountered with included cost of the implants and adjusting the system designed for humans to fit the vertebral column of a dog.
Clinical Relevance— For dogs with CSM at a single level, the use of a spinal locking plate in combination with a cortical ring allograft can be an effective surgical treatment. Costs of the implants as well as anatomic differences in dogs make this type of surgery less appealing.  相似文献   

Walleye pollock recruitment in Shelikof Strait: applied fisheries oceanography   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ARTHUR W. KENDALL Jr.    JAMES D. SCHUMACHER  SUAM KIM 《Fisheries Oceanography》1996,5(S1):4-18

Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (FOCI) is a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) research programme seeking to understand recruitment processes of commercially exploited Alaskan fishes. The FOCI is mainly comprised of scientists at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center who study both the biotic and abiotic environment, including processes within larval patches through integrated field, laboratory, and modelling studies. The initial focus of studies was walleye pollock ( Theragra chakogramma ) spawning in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska. The choice of this population for our research was based on development of a large fishery and the substantial variation in recruitment that was observed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Also, the early life history of this population is quite predictable and restricted both temporally and spatially. Walleye pollock spawn consistently in a small part of Shelikof Strait in early spring from which a large patch of eggs and later larvae is produced. In most years this concentration of larvae drifts to the south-west through the strait during April and May. Large numbers of larvae are often found in eddies which frequent the area and we have observed improved feeding conditions for larvae, in as opposed to out of eddies. We have found that first-feeding larvae have higher survival rates during calm periods, rather than in storms, and that in many years recruitment is largely set by the end of the larval period, although in some years age-0 juvenile mortality is also important. FOCI now generates information that is being used for management of this resource.  相似文献