Bartonellae in animals and vectors in New Caledonia     

Mediannikov O  Davoust B  Cabre O  Rolain JM  Raoult D 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(6):497-501

Bartonellae are gram-negative facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria from the family Bartonellaceae. The natural history of bartonellae consists of a reservoir/host, which is a vertebrate with chronic intravascular infection with sustained bacteremia, and a vector (usually an arthropod) that transfers the bacteria from the reservoir to a susceptible yet uninfected host. In order to reveal the sources and reservoirs of Bartonella infection in animals and vectors in New Caledonia, we collected the blood samples of 64 dogs, 8 cats, 30 bovines, 25 horses and 29 wild deer Cervus timorensis russa and 308 associated blood-sucking parasites (14 keds Hippobosca equina, 258 ticks (22 Rhipicephalus microplus, 235 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 1 Haemaphysalis longicornis), 12 fleas Ctenocephalides felis and 24 dog lice Trichodectes canis). We isolated ten strains of Bartonella: four Bartonella henselae from cats and six Bartonella chomelii from cattle. The strains were characterized by sequencing of five genes (16S, ITS, rpoB, gltA and ftsZ). The six strains isolated from cattle were close to the reference strain of B. chomelii and were, probably, imported from France with cattle of Limousin race. PCR showed that 35% of keds collected from deer and 31% of deer were infected by B. aff. schoenbuchensis; all other samples were negative. Our data confirmed that in New Caledonia, as in other regions of the world, cats are the major reservoirs of B. henselae. We also confirmed that Hippoboscidae flies may serve as the vectors of ruminant-associated bartonellae.  相似文献   

Identification of genes expressed during the compatible interaction of grapevine with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmopara viticola</Emphasis> through suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)     

Guillaume Legay  Elaheh Marouf  Dave Berger  Jean-Marc Neuhaus  Brigitte Mauch-Mani  Ana Slaughter 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(2):281-301

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The 10 Australian ecosystems most vulnerable to tipping points   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

William F. Laurance  Bernard Dell  Stephen M. Turton  Michael J. Lawes  Lindsay B. Hutley  Hamish McCallum  Patricia Dale  Michael Bird  Giles Hardy  Gavin Prideaux  Ben Gawne  Clive R. McMahon  Richard Yu  Jean-Marc Hero  Lin Schwarzkopf  Andrew Krockenberger  Michael Douglas  Ewen Silvester  Michael Mahony  Karen Vella  Udoy Saikia  Carl-Henrik Wahren  Zhihong Xu  Bradley Smith  Chris Cocklin 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1472-1480

We identify the 10 major terrestrial and marine ecosystems in Australia most vulnerable to tipping points, in which modest environmental changes can cause disproportionately large changes in ecosystem properties. To accomplish this we independently surveyed the coauthors of this paper to produce a list of candidate ecosystems, and then refined this list during a 2-day workshop. The list includes (1) elevationally restricted mountain ecosystems, (2) tropical savannas, (3) coastal floodplains and wetlands, (4) coral reefs, (5) drier rainforests, (6) wetlands and floodplains in the Murray-Darling Basin, (7) the Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Australia, (8) offshore islands, (9) temperate eucalypt forests, and (10) salt marshes and mangroves. Some of these ecosystems are vulnerable to widespread phase-changes that could fundamentally alter ecosystem properties such as habitat structure, species composition, fire regimes, or carbon storage. Others appear susceptible to major changes across only part of their geographic range, whereas yet others are susceptible to a large-scale decline of key biotic components, such as small mammals or stream-dwelling amphibians. For each ecosystem we consider the intrinsic features and external drivers that render it susceptible to tipping points, and identify subtypes of the ecosystem that we deem to be especially vulnerable.  相似文献   

Corrigendum to “Modelling forest carbon balances considering tree mortality and removal” [Agric. For. Meteorol. 151 (2011) 179-190]     

Rüdiger Grote  Ralf KieseThomas Grünwald  Jean-Marc OurcivalAndré Granier 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(5):644

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Modelling forest carbon balances considering tree mortality and removal     

Rüdiger Grote  Ralf KieseThomas Grünwald  Jean-Marc OurcivalAndré Granier 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(2):179-190

The determination of ecosystem carbon balances is a major issue in environmental research. Forest inventories and - more recently - Eddy covariance measurements have been set up to guide sustainability assessments as well as carbon accounting. A differentiation between ecosystem compartments of carbon such as soil and vegetation, or above- and belowground storages nevertheless requires further empirical assumptions or model simulations. However, models to estimate carbon balances often do not account for carbon export by management and the direct and indirect impacts of forest management. To overcome this obstacle, we complemented a physiologically based process model (MoBiLE-PSIM) with routines for dimensional tree growth and mortality and evaluated the full model with measurements of water availability, primary production, respiration fluxes and forest development (tree dimensions and numbers per hectare).The model is applied to three forests representing different physiological types and climatic environments: Norway spruce, European beech and Mediterranean holm oak. Simulated carbon balances are presented on a daily, annual and decadal time scale throughout the years 1998-2008 for all three stands. On average, gross primary production is 2.0, 1.7, and 1.4 and net ecosystem production 0.6, 0.6, and 0.3 kg C m⁻² a⁻¹. Export of carbon by thinning is highest in the middle-aged beech stand (0.24 kg C m⁻² a⁻¹) which decreases net ecosystem production by 15% compared with an unthinned stand. Between 46 (spruce) and 72 (oak) % of carbon gained by net ecosystem production is sequestered below ground (incl. roots) - a share that is decreased if a part of the carbon is exported as timber. The role of further impacts, in particular carry-over effects in years that follow intense drought periods, is highlighted and the usefulness of the approach for highly resolved environmental change studies is discussed.  相似文献   

Long-distance edge effects in a pine forest with a deep and sparse trunk space: In situ and numerical experiments     

Sylvain Dupont  Jean-Marc BonnefondMark R. Irvine  Eric LamaudYves Brunet 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(3):328-344

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Surveillance and control of rabies in La Reunion,Mayotte, and Madagascar     

Soa Fy Andriamandimby  Jean-Michel Héraud  Ravo Ramiandrasoa  Maherisoa Ratsitorahina  Jhon H Rasambainarivo  Laurent Dacheux  Anthony Lepelletier  Steven M Goodman  Jean-Marc Reynes  Hervé Bourhy 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):77

Mayotte and La Reunion islands are currently free of animal rabies and surveillance is performed by the French Human and Veterinary Public Health Services. However, dog rabies is still enzootic in Madagascar with 4 to 10 confirmed human cases each year. The number of antirabies medical centres in Madagascar is still scarce to provide easy access to the local population for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. Furthermore, stray dog populations are considerable and attempts to control rabies by mass campaigns of dog vaccination have not received sufficient attention from the national health authorities. To address these challenges, an expanded program to control rabies needs to be initiated by the Malagasy authorities.  相似文献   

Linkage map saturation,construction, and comparison in four populations of Prunus     

E. Illa  P. Lambert  B. Quilot  J. M. Audergon  E. Dirlewanger  W. Howad 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):168-175

Summary

One of the objectives of the ISAFRUIT Project was to perform genetic analyses in four populations of Prunus, two of peach (P. persica) and two of apricot (P. armeniaca), in order to identify major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for characters related to fruit quality. This required the construction of saturated marker maps in each of these populations. Marker maps were available for an intra-specific peach × peach F₂, a BC₂ peach × P. davidiana (using peach as the recurrent parent), and an apricot × apricot F₁. We have further saturated these maps mainly with SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. A new map, constructed uniquely from SSRs was prepared for a fourth apricot × apricot F₁ population. Using anchor markers, we compared these four maps with the reference Prunus map, constructed using an almond × peach F₂ population. As previously observed, conservation of synteny and co-linearity were the general rule, providing additional evidence of the high level of similarity between all Prunus genomes. Comparisons of genetic distances between the maps suggested that those involving similar genomes had higher levels of recombination than those with more distant genomes, particularly the inter-specific crosses.  相似文献   

Validation of an extraction method on whole pericarp of grape berry (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz) to study biochemical and molecular aspects of flavan-3-ol synthesis during berry development     

Verries C  Guiraud JL  Souquet JM  Vialet S  Terrier N  Ollé D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5896-5904

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Effect of pulsed-light treatment on milk proteins and lipids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elmnasser N  Dalgalarrondo M  Orange N  Bakhrouf A  Haertlé T  Federighi M  Chobert JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(6):1984-1991

Pulsed-light treatment offers the food industry a new technology for food preservation. It allows the inactivation of numerous micro-organisms including most infectious foodborne pathogens. In addition to microbial destruction, one can also question whether pulsed-light treatment induced conformational changes in food components. To investigate this question, the influence of pulsed-light treatment on protein components of milk was evaluated by using UV spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, electrophoresis, and determination of amino acid composition. Pulsed-light treatment resulted in an increase of UV absorbance at 280 nm. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) showed a 7 nm red shift after 10 pulses. SDS-PAGE showed the formation of dimers after treatment of BLG by 5 pulses and more. No significant changes in the amino acid composition of proteins and lipid oxidation were observed after pulsed-light treatment. The obtained results indicated changes in the polarity of the tryptophanyl residue microenvironment of BLG solutions or changes in the tryptophan indole structure and some aggregation of studied proteins. Hence, pulsed-light treatment did not lead to very significant changes in protein components; consequently, it could be applied to process protein foods for their better preservation.  相似文献