NIH Seeks Training Grant Increase     

Fox JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4664):818

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Scientist quits NIH over fetal rules     

Fox JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4639):916

Citing unacceptable federal restrictions on human reproductive research, fertility researcher Dr. Gary Hodgen is leaving the National Institutes of Health for the Eastern Virginia Medical School, where much of the work on in vitro fertilization in the United States is being done. Virtually no IVF research is conducted at NIH, since all government-supported efforts in this controversial area must first be reviewed in proposal form by a non-existent federal ethics committee. NIH's caution in fostering research on IVF and with human embryos is frustrating scientists and driving them into the private sector, where their work is unregulated.  相似文献   

Will there be life on the farm after the bomb?     

Fox JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4630):1308

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BIOCHROMES     

Fox DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1944,100(2604):470-471

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A NAME FOR BIO-HYDRAULIC ACTIVITIES     

Fox DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1934,79(2048):292-293

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Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells     

Houghton J  Stoicov C  Nomura S  Rogers AB  Carlson J  Li H  Cai X  Fox JG  Goldenring JR  Wang TC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5701):1568-1571

Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy. We show that although acute injury, acute inflammation, or transient parietal cell loss within the stomach do not lead to BMDC recruitment, chronic infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter, a known carcinogen, induces repopulation of the stomach with BMDCs. Subsequently, these cells progress through metaplasia and dysplasia to intraepithelial cancer. These findings suggest that epithelial cancers can originate from marrow-derived sources and thus have broad implications for the multistep model of cancer progression.  相似文献   

Metastatic hibernomas in transgenic mice expressing an alpha-amylase-SV40 T antigen hybrid gene   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

N Fox  R Crooke  L H Hwang  U Schibler  B B Knowles  D Solter 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,244(4903):460-463

Mice transgenic for a hybrid gene containing the liver promoter of the mouse amylase gene (Amy-1a) fused to the SV40 tumor antigen coding region unexpected developed malignant brown adipose tissue tumors (malignant hibernomas). Expression of the alpha-amylase gene had previously been thought to be confined to the liver parotid, and pancreas; however, analysis of white and brown adipose tissue from nontransgenic mice revealed expression of the endogenous Amy-1a gene in these tissues. Gene constructs driven by the Amy-1a liver promoter thus provide a means of targeting gene expression to the adipocyte cell lineage in transgenic mice. Moreover the high frequency of metastases in the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and adrenals of these mice provides an experimental system in which to study the development of disseminated malignancy.  相似文献   

Platy Quartz Phytoliths found in the Fossil Forest Deposits,Axel Heiberg Island,Northwest Territories,Canada     

Hideomi Kodama  Catherine A. Fox  Charles Tarnocai  Frederick J. Longstaffe 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(5):401-406

The occurrence of quartz particles having a platy morphology found in the white layers within the fossil forest deposits of Axel Heiberg Island, was further confirmed by optical and electron microscopic examinations. The platy quartz crystals were concentrated in the finer fractions. The δ ₁₈O values of fractions enriched in platy quartz crystals ranged from +13.7 to +16.6 %₀. These values were higher than those obtained for coarser fractions. The platy morphology and crystallographic character of the quartz particles concentrated in the finer size fractions are uncharacteristic both of aerosol derived material and of secondary silica. These findings and information available for the paleoenvironment of the study area favor a biogenic origin for the platy quartz. The oxygen-isotope data are consistent with this hypothesis.  相似文献   

Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies     

F.J. Zhao  J. Lehmann  M.A. Fox 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(5):1000-1007

Sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to quantify S species in humic substance extracts from ten soils from the UK, China and New Zealand, which differ in land use and agricultural management. XANES spectroscopy showed the presence of most reduced (sulphides, disulphides, thiols and thiophenes), intermediate (sulphoxides and sulphonates) and highly oxidised S (ester sulphates) forms, with the three groups representing 14-32%, 33-50% and 22-53% of the organic S in the humic substance extracts, respectively. Land use had a profound influence on the relative proportions of S species. Well-drained arable soils generally had a higher proportion of organic S present in the most oxidised form than the grassland soils collected nearby, whereas paddy soils showed a more reduced profile due to episodic flooding. In the Broadbalk Classical Experiment at Rothamsted, reversion of an arable system to grassland or woodland in the 1880s resulted in an increase of the most reduced and intermediate S species at the expense of the most oxidised S species. Long-term applications of farmyard manure to an arable plot also shifted S species from the most oxidised to the intermediate and the most reduced species. Sulphur immobilisation and gross mineralisation were determined in seven soils using the ³⁵S isotope dilution method. Gross mineralisation during a 53-day incubation correlated more closely with the amounts of the most reduced and intermediate S species than with the most oxidised S species, suggesting that the former (C-bonded S) were the main source of organic S for mineralisation in the short-term.  相似文献   

Long-term anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil in the dog and its partial reversal with nalbuphine     

P. A. Flecknell  A. J. B. Kirk  C. E. Fox  J. H. Dark 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1990,17(1):11-16

Prolonged surgical anaesthesia in the dog was induced with propofol (6.5 ± 1.3 mg/kg) followed by alfentanil (25.5 ± 5 μg/kg) (mean ± 1 sd) and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol (0.14 to 0.18 mg/kg/min) and alfentanil (2 to 3 μg/kg/min). Neuromuscular blockade was produced with vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg). After induction of anaesthesia with propofol, administration of alfentanil to dogs which had received no pre-anaesthetic medication produced cardiac arrest and apnoea. Administration of atropine intravenously immediately prior to alfentanil prevented these cardiac depressant effects. The cardiac depressant effect of alfentanil was not as severe in a second group of dogs in which anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone. After commencing the continuous infusion anaesthetic regime and establishment of IPPV, blood pressure and heart rate remained stable during the remaining 4 to 6 h period of anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia was smooth and uneventful. The depressant effects of alfentanil on respiration and on consciousness were reversed rapidly by administration of nalbuphine (10 mg total dose). The smooth recovery and the integration of anaesthesia and post operative analgesia attained by the reversal of alfentanil with nalbuphine make this an attractive anaesthetic regime for major surgery in dogs, provided that facilities for IPPV are available.  相似文献