Impact of short-term intake of red wine and grape polyphenol extract on the human metabolome     

Jacobs DM  Fuhrmann JC  van Dorsten FA  Rein D  Peters S  van Velzen EJ  Hollebrands B  Draijer R  van Duynhoven J  Garczarek U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3078-3085

Red wine and grape polyphenols are considered to promote cardiovascular health and are involved in multiple biological functions. Their overall impact on the human metabolome is not known. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous metabolic effects were determined in fasting plasma and 24 h urine from healthy male adults consuming a mix of red wine and grape juice extracts (WGM) for 4 days in a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Syringic acid, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were confirmed as the strongest urinary markers of WGM intake. Overall, WGM had a mild impact on the endogenous metabolism. Most noticeable were changes in several amino acids deriving from tyrosine and tryptophan. Reductions in the microbial metabolites p-cresol sulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid and increases in indole-3-lactic acid and nicotinic acid were observed in urine. In plasma, tyrosine was reduced. The results suggest that short-term intake of WGM altered microbial protein fermentation and/or amino acid metabolism.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a microwave method for dry matter determination in faecal samples from weaned pigs with or without clinical diarrhoea     

Pedersen KS  Stege H  Nielsen JP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,100(3-4):163-170

Microwave drying as a procedure for determination of faecal dry matter in weaned pigs was evaluated and clinical relevant cut-off values between faecal consistency scores were determined. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated. Overall coefficient of variation was 0.03. The 95% confidence limits for any future faecal subsample examined by any operator in any replica were ± 0.85% faecal dry matter. Robustness in relation to weight of wet faeces was evaluated. The weight categories were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 g. Samples of 0.5 g gave significantly different mean faecal dry matter content compared to weighing of 1.0-3.0 g. Agreement with freeze-drying was evaluated. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.94. On average the faecal dry matter values was 1.7% (SD=1.99%) higher in freeze dried compared to micro waved samples. Non-parametric ROC analyses were used to determine optimal faecal dry matter cut-off values for clinical faecal consistency scores. The 4 consistency scores were score 1=firm and shaped, score 2=soft and shaped, score 3=loose and score 4=watery. The cut-off values were score 1: faecal dry matter content >19.5%, score 2: faecal dry matter content ≤ 19.5% and >18.0%, score 3: faecal dry matter content ≤ 18.0% and >11.3%, score 4: faecal dry matter content ≤ 11.3%. In conclusion, the microwave procedure has an acceptable repeatability/reproducibility and good agreement with freeze drying can be expected. A minimum of 1.0 g of wet faeces must be used for analyses. Faecal dry matter cut-off values between 4 different clinical consistency scores were determined.  相似文献   

Optimisation of amino sugar quantification by HPLC in soil and plant hydrolysates     

Caroline Indorf  Jens Dyckmans  Khalid S. Khan  Rainer Georg Joergensen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):387-396

Amino sugars are increasingly used as indicators for the accumulation of microbial residues in soil and plant material. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was improved for the simultaneous determination of muramic acid, mannosamine, glucosamine and galactosamine in soil and plant hydrolysates via ortho-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) pre-column derivatisation and fluorescence detection. The retention time was reduced, and the separation of muramic acid and mannosamine was optimised by modifying the mobile phase. The effects of excitation wavelength, OPA reaction time, tetrahydrofuran concentration and pH value of the mobile phase on the amino sugar separation were tested. Quantification limits were in the range of 0.13 to 0.90 μg ml⁻¹. No interferences exist from amino acids or other primary amines, occurring in soil and plant hydrolysates.  相似文献   

Effects of cuvette surface material on ammonia‐, nitrous oxide‐, carbon dioxide‐, and methane‐concentration measurements     

Martina Predotova  Roland Kretschmann  Jens Gebauer  Andreas Buerkert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(3):347-349

Closed‐chamber systems are commonly used to determine gaseous C and N emissions from agricultural soils. We investigated the effects of eight cuvette surfaces on two standard gas concentrations of NH₃, N₂O, CO₂, and CH₄ under laboratory conditions. Cuvette surface materials differentially affected gas adhesion or recovery as a function of the type and the concentration of the gases. Given the strong effects on results of gas measurements in closed‐chamber systems, both the type and the concentration of the measured gases need to be considered in selecting cuvette surface materials.  相似文献   

Mercury (Hg) Transport in a High Arctic River in Northeast Greenland     

Frank Rig��t  Mikkel P. Tamstorf  Martin M. Larsen  Jens S?ndergaard  Gert Asmund  Julie Maria Falk  Charlotte Sigsgaard 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,222(1-4):233-242

In a warming climate, mercury (Hg) pathways in the Arctic can be expected to be affected. The Hg transport from the high arctic Zackenberg River Basin was assessed in 2009 in order to describe and estimate the mercury transported from land to the marine environment. A total of 95 water samples were acquired and filtered (0.4 ??m pore size), and Hg concentrations were determined in both the filtered water and in the sediment. A range of other elements were also measured in the water samples. Hg concentrations in the filtered water were in general highest in the beginning of the season when the water came mainly from melted snow. THg concentrations in the sediment were in general relatively constant or slightly decreasing until mid-August, where after the concentrations increased. A principal component analysis separated the samples into spring, summer and autumn samples indicating seasonal characteristics of the patterns of element concentrations. The total amount of Hg in the sediment transported was estimated to 2.6 kg. Approximately 60% of the sediment-transported Hg occurred during a 24-h flood in the beginning of August caused by a glacial lake outburst flood. The total amount of transported dissolved Hg was estimated to 46 g, and 13% of this transport occurred during the 24-h flood. If it is assumed that the Hg transport by Zackenberg River is representative for the general glacial rivers in East Greenland, the total Hg transport into the North Atlantic from Greenland alone is approximately 4.6 tons year^?1 with an estimated annual freshwater discharge of ??440 km³.  相似文献   

Left ventricular M-mode prediction intervals in 7651 dogs: Population-wide and selected breed-specific values     

Lilith Carla Esser  Martin Borkovec  Alexander Bauer  Jens Häggström  Gerhard Wess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2242-2252

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Temporal changes in clinical and radiographic variables in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease: The EPIC study     

Adrian Boswood  Sonya G. Gordon  Jens Häggström  Martin Vanselow  Gerhard Wess  Rebecca L. Stepien  Mark A. Oyama  Bruce W. Keene  John Bonagura  Kristin A. MacDonald  Mark Patteson  Sarah Smith  Philip R. Fox  Karen Sanderson  Richard Woolley  Viktor Szatmári  Pierre Menaut  Whitney M. Church  M. Lynne O'Sullivan  Jean-Philippe Jaudon  Jan-Gerd Kresken  John Rush  Kirstie A. Barrett  Steven L. Rosenthal  Ashley B. Saunders  Ingrid Ljungvall  Michael Deinert  Eric Bomassi  Amara H. Estrada  Maria J. Fernandez Del Palacio  N. Sydney Moise  Jonathan A. Abbott  Yoko Fujii  Alan Spier  Michael W. Luethy  Roberto A. Santilli  Masami Uechi  Anna Tidholm  Christoph Schummer  Philip Watson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1108-1118

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Enhanced non-extractable residue formation of 14C-metalaxyl catalyzed by an immobilized laccase     

Jens Botterweck  Burkhard Schmidt  Jan Schwarzbauer  Roschni Kalathoor  Andreas Schäffer 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(7):1015-1024

We studied the influence of an immobilized laccase from Trametes versicolor on non-extractable residue (NER) formation of the systemic fungicide ¹⁴C-metalaxyl in soil. We added the enzyme (130 mU/g DW) to soil sterilized by gamma irradiation and observed that the amount of NER (6.3 % of applied radioactivity) after 10 days of incubation was enhanced about twofold compared to the sterile soil without laccase addition. Residues formed within samples without enhanced enzyme activity were mainly bound via ester linkages to all fractions of humic matter, i.e., fulvic acids, humic acids, non-humines, and humines, respectively. In contrast, residues formed in presence of immobilized laccase were more strongly bound by covalent linkages such as ether and C-C bonds, especially to humic acids. After chemical degradation of the humic matter, it could be observed that all NER contained the first major transformation product, i.e., metalaxyl acid. The findings underline that the residue formation of metalaxyl in soil may be partly catalyzed by immobilized extracellular oxidative enzymes through oxidative coupling reactions within the humic matter.  相似文献   

Plant available soil water at sowing in Mediterranean environments—Is it a useful criterion to aid nitrogen fertiliser and sowing decisions?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carina Moeller  Senthold Asseng  Jens Berger  Stephen P. Milroy 《Field Crops Research》2009

In regions where rainfall is low and variable, water stored in the soil profile prior to sowing can alter yield expectation and hence management decisions. Thus, wheat farmers in Mediterranean regions may be able to benefit from knowing the amount of soil water at sowing by optimising their nitrogen (N) fertiliser management and by deciding on whether or not to sow a crop. We used the ASPIM-Nwheat model to explore how levels of plant available soil water (PAW) at sowing, N fertiliser rate, soil, site and season-type (below or above median rainfall) affected wheat yields at sites in the Mediterranean area of southwest Australia. Overall, the greatest influence on yield potential and the consequent N fertilisation requirement was season-type. The additional yield per mm PAW at sowing was generally higher in seasons with below median rainfall, except when yields were severely water-limited by below median rainfall of <222 mm combined with <40 mm PAW at sowing on light clay soil with 109 mm plant available water capacity (PAWC). Sowing was generally warranted; only on light clay soil with <10 mm PAW at sowing and below median rainfall of <222 mm was there an opportunity for a conditional sowing strategy. Scope for varying N fertiliser rates with PAW at sowing was limited to soils with higher PAWC (109 and 130 mm, respectively) in below median rainfall seasons at the wetter site (295 mm mean seasonal rainfall), and in both season-types at the drier site (225 mm mean seasonal rainfall). Only in these combinations, soil water at sowing modified the optimal N fertiliser rate for maximum average yield resulting in significant interactions between PAW at sowing and N fertiliser rates. Similar interactions were found for a site in the Mediterranean Basin and a site in the eastern Australian subtropics on soil with high PAWC (183 and 276 mm, respectively). In contrast, there was no benefit from modifying crop management based on PAW at sowing on soil with low PAWC (i.e. sandy soil) and/or under conditions of high in-season rainfall. The conditional N management approach becomes more viable as the proportion of water stored in the soil prior to sowing increases relative to total crop water use and as the PAWC of the soil increases. Knowledge of PAW at sowing × N fertiliser rate interactions in a particular soil × site × season-type context can help to identify sites where a more targeted N management dependent on amounts of PAW at sowing is potentially profitable.  相似文献   

甘蔗糖料压榨系统的现况及新技术方案     

Yangsheng Lu  Jens Thomsen 《广西蔗糖》2009,(4):25-29

本文论述了辊式压榨机的现状及其技术改进趋势,并分析了其固有缺陷,认为这是造成甘蔗汁液排放困难、重吸现象严重的根本原因,进而提出了改变压榨形式,延长压榨时间,采用外力排放糖汁等新的压榨技术方案,通过改善甘蔗糖料的压榨过程,强化固液萃取(渗出)分离过程,消除重吸现象,提高压榨效率,取代传统辊式压榨机,降低能耗,以满足清洁生产之需要.  相似文献