The effect of lupins as compared with peas and oats on the yield of the subsequent winter barley crop     

Christian R. Jensen  Bjarne Joernsgaard  Mathias N. Andersen  Jrgen L. Christiansen  Vagn O. Mogensen  Poul Friis  Carsten T. Petersen 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,20(4):405-418

New high yielding early maturing cultivars of lupins have been introduced in north-west Europe as grain protein crops in crop rotations. This paper reports on a comparative study of lupins with peas and oats, and of their effect on yield of subsequent winter barley crops. These crops were given five levels of N under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on sand and loam. Under rain fed conditions the grain yield of pea, oat and lupin varied between 24–36, 34–53 and 18–37 hkg DM ha⁻¹, respectively. Supplemental irrigation raised grain yield of oat to 50–60 hkg DM ha⁻¹, while grain yield in pea was not affected and grain yield in lupin in most cases decreased due to gray mould attack and excessive vegetative growth in the indeterminate lupin variety. Under rain fed conditions, the grain nitrogen content of pea, oat and lupin varied between 137–172, 61–80 and 189–226 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, and was significantly higher in lupin as compared with pea. On sandy soil, similar low-root densities were found for pea, oat and lupin below 30 cm depth. On sand, at final harvest the residual soil-N of lupin and pea, as measured in a subsequent winter barley crop not supplied with N fertilizer, was 15 and 8–10 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in winter barley following oat, respectively. The nature of the probably more N-root residues of lupin is discussed. On loam, the residual N of lupin and pea was similar, 18–27 kg N ha⁻¹. On sand, under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea as compared with oat, increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application 77 and 49%, respectively; the effect of lupin was significantly higher than that of pea until the highest N-level 120 kg N-application ha⁻¹. On loam under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application by 36 and 62%, respectively, as compared with oat; at N-application>60 kg N ha⁻¹ the grain yield was similar after all three crops. For both soil types the same level of effect was found under irrigated conditions. Conclusions: Supplemental irrigation might result in lower grain yield in lupin due to gray mould attack and excessive growth if indeterminate lupin varieties are used. Grain nitrogen yield of lupin is significantly higher than that of pea. On sand, the effect of lupin on the subsequent winter barley grain yield is significantly higher than that of pea, probably due to greater N-root nitrogen residues. On loam, lupin and pea have similar effects on the subsequent winter barley crop.  相似文献   

Associations between three ml-o powdery mildew resistance genes and agronomic traits in barley     

B. Kjær  H. P. Jensen  J. Jensen  J. Helms Jørgensen 《Euphytica》1990,46(3):185-193

Summary A population of 198 chromosome-doubled haploid lines of spring barley was scored for segregation in locus ml-o (powdery mildew reaction) on chromosome 4 and in the linked loci s (rachilla hair length) and ddt (reaction to the insecticide DDT) on chromosome 7. They were also tested in a disease-free field trial for the agronomic traits: grain yield, thousand grain weight, lodging, and necrotic leaf spotting. The three mutagen-induced resistance genes ml-o5, ml-o6 (from Carlsberg II) and ml-10 (from Foma) showed no detectable differences with respect to effects on agronomic traits. They all conferred a four per cent reduction in grain yield caused mainly by lower thousand grain weight, and an increase in necrotic leaf spotting. The two original mutants of Carlsberg II had additional mutant genes affecting agronomic traits. Lines with gene S (long hair) had on average a three per cent higher thousand grain weight than those with s. The alleles in locus ddt showed no association with the agronomic traits. It is concluded i) that the associations between the three ml-o alleles and agronomic traits are caused by pleiotropy, ii) that ml-o resistant, high-yielding lines may be selected, and iii) that the association between gene s and thousand grain weight may be due to genetic linkage.Abbreviations DH-lines chromosome-doubled haploid lines  相似文献   

Resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum and in hybrids with H. vulgare subsp. vulgare     

Jens Weibull 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):97-101

Summary Accessions of Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, were screened in field and glasshouse trials for resistance to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. A few selected lines were furthermore hybridized with a modern barley variety and the resulting populations evaluated. High levels of resistance were found among some of the spontaneum accessions resulting in lower aphid growth rates (maximum reduction 57%). Segregation patterns among siblings in F2 populations were continuous, indicating the presence of several genes with possibly additive effects. The usefulness of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum for breeding aphid resistant barley is discussed.  相似文献   

Metal coordination compounds of thiabendazole     

V L Miller  C J Gould  E Csonka  R L Jensen 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1973,21(5):931-932

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Distribution and Concentration of Pb and Cd in Two Adjacent Luvisols under Grassland and Forest in Denmark     

Niels Philip Jensen  Bo Svensmark 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(1):121-124

The effect of land use (forest and grassland) on the deposition and mobility of Pb and Cd has been studied by extraction with 1M HCl, 1M NH₄Ac/HAc and 1M NH₄Ac. The soils were described pedologically and the main physical and chemical parameters were determined. The Pb concentration in the A horizon is higher in the profile under forest than in the profile under grassland. We assign this difference to the filter action of the forest. The Cd concentration is highest in the grassland profile because the forest soil is more degraded and Cd is leached to a higher degree in this soil. Both metals are more mobile (easier to extract) in the forest because the forest soil is most acidic, and because a greater part is bound to organic compounds (humic and fulvic acids) which are more abundant in the forest than in the grassland. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the A horizons are 26 ppm and 0.1 ppm under the forest and 9 ppm and 0.2 ppm under grassland, respectively.  相似文献   

Mineralization of hydroxylated isoproturon metabolites produced by fungi     

Stig Rønhede  Sebastian R. Sørensen  Jens Aamand 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(7):1751-1758

When exposed to the herbicide isoproturon, some soil fungi in pure culture metabolize the substance to hydroxylated metabolites. Hydroxylated metabolites of isoproturon have also been detected in soil studies. In an agricultural soil not previously exposed to isoproturon we found that the hydroxylated isoproturon metabolite N-(4-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)-N′,N′-dimethylurea mineralized faster than both isoproturon and its N-demethylated metabolite N-(4-isopropylphenyl)-N′-methylurea (MDIPU), thus indicating that mineralization of isoproturon is stimulated by fungal hydroxylation in this soil. In soils previously treated with isoproturon, in contrast, isoproturon and both its hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites mineralized at almost the same rate with up to 52% of the ¹⁴C-ring-carbon being degraded to ¹⁴CO₂ within 63 days. Thus hydroxylated metabolites of isoproturon do not seem to be more persistent than isoproturon, and hence may degrade before they can leach from topsoil and contaminate the aquatic environment. While an isoproturon-mineralizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. SRS2 and a MDIPU-mineralizing mixed bacterial culture were able to deplete the medium of hydroxylated metabolites, little or no mineralization took place. This indicates that other bacteria must be present in the soil that are able to benefit from isoproturon being made available to mineralization by fungal hydroxylation.  相似文献   

A method for identification and mapping potentially acid sulfate soils in Jutland, Denmark     

H. Breuning Madsen  Niels H. Jensen  B. Holm Jakobsen  S.W. Platou 《CATENA》1985,12(4):363-371

A method for mapping potentially acid sulfate soils in Jutland, Denmark is described. First the wetlands were outlined, using already existing topographic maps. Then 7900 profiles, evenly distributed over the wetland areas, were examined to point out areas with potentially acid sulfate soils. The method used to identify potentially acid sulfate material was, for carbonate-free samples, a pH-measuring at the sampling time and after the samples were inoculated with soil water extract from an acid sulfate soil and 2, 8 or 16 weeks of incubation. For carbonate-containing samples the pyrite content was compared to the acid-neutralizing capacity. A map was constructed showing the ratio of profiles containing potentially acid sulfate soil samples to total number of profiles examined within natural geographical wetland regions.The investigation showed that 35% of the wetlands in Jutland have a high frequency of potentially acid sulfate soils.  相似文献   

Impact of introduced honey bees on native pollination interactions of the endemic Echium wildpretii (Boraginaceae) on Tenerife, Canary Islands     

Yoko L. Dupont  Dennis M. Hansen  Alfredo Valido  Jens M. Olesen 《Biological conservation》2004,118(3):301-311

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera) on native pollination interactions of Echium wildpretii ssp. wildpretii in the sub-alpine desert of Tenerife. We selected two study populations, one dominated by honey bees, while the other was visited by many native insects. During peak activity period of insects, nectar was nearly completely depleted in flowers of the first, but not the latter population. Thus, a high abundance of honey bees may have suppressed visitation by native animals due to exploitative competition. Honey bees stayed longer and visited more flowers on the same inflorescence than native bees, thus potentially promoting self-pollination of the plants. Level of seed set and viability was similar in the two study populations. However, we cannot rule out long-term changes in genetic population structure due to changes in gene-flow patterns caused by foraging behaviour of honey bees vs. native flower-visitors.  相似文献   

Monitoring chemical changes of dry-cured Parma ham during processing by surface autofluorescence spectroscopy     

Møller JK  Parolari G  Gabba L  Christensen J  Skibsted LH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1224-1230

Parma hams at various processing stages were investigated by surface autofluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence "landscapes" of raw meat and salted (3 months), matured (11 and 12 months), and aged (15 and 18 months) Parma hams were obtained, and a three-dimensional data array (sample x emission x excitation) was used to develop a PARAFAC model including five components, which all exhibited characteristics of pure fluorophores regarding both excitation and emission spectra. The relative amount of each component related strongly to the processing stage, and sample age showed good correlation to fluorescence data (R = 0.98), with a relative error of prediction of approximately 1 month. Fluorescence measurements from samples of either semimembranosus or biceps femoris were used to predict chemical or sensory reference data, yielding good correlation for biceps femoris data, thereby enabling moisture content, sensory and instrumental color, and proteolysis value to be fairly well predicted. Overall, surface autofluorescence of Parma hams proved to hold relevant information, relating to major chemical/physical changes during processing. It is concluded that fluorescence spectroscopy has potential as an innovative method of quality control in dry-cured ham.  相似文献   

Database derived microsatellite markers (SSRs) for cultivar differentiation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica oleracea</Emphasis>     

S. Louarn  A. M. Torp  I. B. Holme  S. B. Andersen  B. D. Jensen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1717-1725

Fifty-nine Brassica oleracea cultivars, belonging to five botanical varieties, were evaluated for microsatellite (SSR) polymorphisms using 11 database sequence derived primer pairs. The cultivars represented 12 broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), ten Brussels sprouts (B. o. var. gemmifera), 21 cabbage (B. o. var. capitata, including the groups white and red cabbage), six savoy cabbage (B. o. var. sabauda), and ten cauliflower (B. o. var. botrytis) cultivars from 13 seed suppliers. The 11 primer pairs amplified in total 47 fragments, and differentiated 51 of the cultivars, whereas the remaining eight cultivars were differentiated from the rest in four inseparable pairs. All SSR markers, except one, produced a polymorphic information content (PIC value) of 0.5 or above. The average diversity for all markers within the tested material was 0.64. There was no major difference in the diversity within botanical varieties and groups. The cluster analysis and the resulting dendrogram showed that the cultivars tended to group within these taxonomic units. The present study substantiates the use of microsatellite markers as a powerful tool for cultivar differentiation and identification in vegetable brassicas.  相似文献