Experimental placental transfer of Akabane virus in the hamster     

A A Andersen  C H Campbell 《American journal of veterinary research》1978,39(2):301-304

Transplacental infection of hamster fetuses was produced by inoculation of pregnant hamsters with 10(6.3) plaque-forming units (PFU) of Akabane virus by either the intraperitoneal or the subcutaneous route. Virus with titers as high as 10(7.5) PFU/g of tissue was detected first in the placenta and later in the fetus. Virus could also be readily isolated from blood, lung, spleen, and liver of both pregnant and nonpregnant hamsters, but it reached higher titers and persisted longer in the placenta and fetus. Young dying at birth had Akabane virus titers as high as 10(7.3) PFU/g of brain tissue. Litter size was reduced by inoculation of the pregnant hamster at gestational day 11 or earlier, and survival of the newborn to 1 week of age was decreased by inoculation at gestational day 9 or later.  相似文献   

Crossbreeding experiment with beef and dual-purpose sire breeds on Danish dairy cows IV. Physical,chemical and palatability characteristics of longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles from crossbred young bulls     

T. Liboriussen  B. Bech Andersen  Lis Buchter  K. Kousgaard  A. Juel Møller 《Livestock Production Science》1977,4(1):31-43

The results presented are part of a beef × dairy cross breeding experiment in which Simmental, Charolais, Danish Red and White Cattle (DRK), Romagnola, Chianina, Hereford, Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousin bulls are crossbred with cows of Danish Red Cattle (RDM) and Black Pied Danish Cattle (SDM).Young bulls were slaughtered at 300 kg ($\text{7}\text{1}\text{2}$ months of age on average), 12 months and 15 months of age. Samples of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semitendinosus from 305 animals were examined by a taste panel, by chemical analysis and measurements of colour, by shear force, and by adhesion measurements.Sire breed had a significant influence on chemical composition and colour in both muscles. Taste panel scores and shear force values showed that all sire breeds gave tender meat in the longissimus dorsi. Significant differences in tenderness between sire breeds were found only for the semitendinosus, where Hereford crossbreeds obtained the lowest scores, and Limousin and Blonde d'Aquitaine crossbreeds the highest. Corresponding differences between sire breeds were found for adhesion value, collagen content and solubility of collagen in semitendinosus.Meat quality differences are discussed in relation to early and late maturing breeds.  相似文献   

Occurrence of cross reactions to foot-and-mouth disease virus in normal swine sera.     

A A Andersen 《American journal of veterinary research》1977,38(11):1757-1759

Sera from 101 swine never exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus were tested by the plaque-reduction neutralization (PRN) and radial immunodiffusion techniques for cross-reactions to 5 types of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Depending on the group of sera and the virus used, the percentage of sera cross-reacting at low levels varied from 0 to 50% with the PRN technique and 0 to 20% with the radial immunodiffusion technique. 5erum-neutralization tests in mice support the finding of neutralizing antibody by the PRN technique. Ultracentrifugation and 2-mercaptoethanol studies indicate that the cross-reactions are the result of immunoglobulin M or similar macroglobulins.  相似文献   

Species specificity in thermostable and ethanol insoluble tissue antigens. II. Further immunization of rabbits with bovine kidney preparation.     

A E Andersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1977,18(4):561-562

In a previous experiment, it was shown that goats developed species specific antibodies against antigen from bovine kidney prepared by boiling and ethanol precipitation (BE) (Andersen 1975). The experiment indicated that ruminant species might be able to produce species specific antibodies towards BE antigens from other ruminant species. The following experiments were undertaken in order to test the validity of this supposition.  相似文献   

Radiographic evaluation of destructive periodontal disease in blue mink in relation to age and blood morphology          下载免费PDF全文

Anne Sofie Hammer  Thomas Holmen Andersen  Thomas Eriksen  Hanne E. Kortegaard  Hans Henrik Dietz    Mariann Chriél 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(2):128-134

In this study, blood samples and jaws were collected from 2 genotypes of blue mink (n = 289) in order to examine phenotypic expression of specific characteristics of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (C-HS). Blood samples were subjected to differential counts to assess the proportion of abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocytes characteristic for CH-S (C-HS-leukocytes). Abnormal leukocytes with characteristic signs of C-HS were found in blood smears from all mink included in this study. Four teeth in one half of the mandible (P3, P4, M1, M2) were subjected to quantitative radiographic evaluation of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. There was a high prevalence of destructive periodontal disease among blue mink included in this study. Mild to moderate periodontal disease (defined by less than 50% alveolar bone loss related to 1 or more teeth) affected 73.7% of young mink (age = 7 mo) and 67.9% of older animals (age > or = 19 mo). Severe periodontal disease (defined by more than 50% bone loss related to one or more teeth) was not detected in mink aged 7 mo, but affected 15.3% of mink aged 19 mo and 39.6% of mink aged 31 mo. The positive relationship between age and periodontal disease was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of tooth loss was found to be high among blue mink aged > 19 mo (21.6%) and was also significantly related to age (P < 0.01). A significant positive interaction between alveolar bone loss and tooth loss (P < 0.01), implies that the highly prevalent tooth loss in the mink was related to and possibly caused by destructive periodontal disease. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of periodontal disease between the 2 genotypes and age was found to be the only statistical predictor of poor production results (P < 0.01) in blue mink.  相似文献   

Use of ESAT-6 in the interferon-gamma test for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis following skin testing   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Buddle BM  Ryan TJ  Pollock JM  Andersen P  de Lisle GW 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,80(1):37-46

The whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) test has proven to be a practical ancillary test for re-testing cattle for bovine tuberculosis 8-28 days following tuberculin skin testing. An improvement in the specificity of the IFN-gamma test could further reduce culling of false positive animals. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a single mycobacterial antigen, ESAT-6 in the IFN-gamma test for use in skin test-positive cattle. These skin test-positive cattle comprised 51 Mycobacterium bovis-infected animals from tuberculosis-infected herds and 85 non-infected animals from tuberculosis-free herds. The test based on ESAT-6 had a higher specificity than the test based on purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin, but this was offset by a small decrease in sensitivity. Use of a lower cut-off in the ESAT-6-based test improved the sensitivity, while still maintaining a very high specificity. A secondary aim in the study was to assess the ESAT-6 and PPD-based tests for detecting bovine tuberculosis in skin test-negative animals from a persistently infected herd. The PPD-based test detected the majority of the lesioned or M. bovis-culture positive animals, while the ESAT-6-based test detected a smaller proportion. The false negatives in the IFN-gamma test from both the skin test-negative and positive groups were predominantly M. bovis-culture positive animals with no visible lesions. The current study has shown that a defined specific antigen such as ESAT-6 can markedly improve the specificity of the IFN-gamma test for re-testing skin test-positive animals. An ESAT-6-based IFN-gamma test could be particularly useful to reduce the false positive rate, yet still maintain an acceptable level of sensitivity.  相似文献   

Muscle glycogen stores and meat quality as affected by strategic finishing feeding of slaughter pigs   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Rosenvold K  Petersen JS  Lwerke HN  Jensen SK  Therkildsen M  Karlsson AH  Møller HS  Andersen HJ 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(2):382-391

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether muscle glycogen stores in slaughter pigs could be decreased through strategic finishing feeding before slaughter. Moreover, preliminary meat quality traits were measured to see whether such a regulation of muscle glycogen stores affected ultimate pH, color, and tenderness in the meat. The strategic finishing feeding was carried out the last 3 wk prior to slaughter. Seven experimental groups with eight animals per group were fed diets low in digestible carbohydrates. A control group with four animals was fed a traditional grower-finishing diet. The muscle glycogen stores were reduced in longissimus muscle (LM) 11 to 26% at the time of slaughter in pigs that were fed the experimental diets compared with the control group. Meat quality measured as ultimate pH and color on LM muscle in half the pigs 24 h postmortem showed that ultimate pH in LM was not affected by the reduction in glycogen stores in the muscles from pigs fed any of the experimental diets. However, the meat from pigs fed the experimental diets was darker than the meat from pigs that were fed the control diet with two of the experimental diets, resulting in significantly lower L* values. Activities of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, glycogen phoshorylase a and b, phosphofructokinase, and the fatty acid oxidative pathway, beta-hydrozyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, were not affected by the strategic feeding. In contrast, the activity of the proteolytic enzyme calpain as well as its inhibitor calpastatin was influenced by the strategic feeding. Lower activity of mu-calpain and greater activity of calpastatin in the muscle samples from the strategically fed pigs indicate a lesser muscle protein degradation in the muscles compared with muscles of control animals. The present study showed that the muscle glycogen stores in slaughter pigs can be reduced at the time of slaughter through strategic finishing feeding with diets low in digestible carbohydrate without compromising growth rate.  相似文献   

Retention of furunculosis vaccine components in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following different routes of vaccine administration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C McL Press  Ø Evensen  L J Reitan  T Landsverk 《Journal of fish diseases》1996,19(3):215-224

The retention of vaccine components was studied in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following different routes of vaccination against Aeromonas salmonicida. Frozen tissue was collected from the spleen, head kidney, hind gut and liver of fish that had been vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection (monovalent and trivalent vaccines), immersion and oral administration 2,6,8 and 16 weeks previously. The trivalent injection group showed the highest levels of specific antibodies and was the only group to show protection following challenge with virulent A. salmonicida. Following intraperitoneal injection, there was an initial widespread distribution of Aeromonas lipo-polysaccharide, but by 16 weeks lipopolysaccharide was predominantly found in macrophage populations in the spleen, head kidney and abdominal granulomas. Only small amounts of lipopolysaccharide were retained in the head kidney of the immersion group and no lipopolysaccharide was retained in the oral group. Small and inconsistent amounts of A-layer protein were present in the meianomacrophages of the head kidney of all groups. The relative prominence of A-layer protein in the spleen of the trivalent injection group 8 weeks after vaccination was linked to the high levels of specific antibodies, and possible immune-complex trapping and the enhancement of immunological memory.  相似文献   

Bioavailability and interactions with other micronutrients of three dietary iron sources in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

F. Andersen  M. Lorentzen  R. Waagbø  & A. Maage 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(4):239-246

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with mean initial weight of 60 g were fed a diet based on cod muscle meal supplemented with elemental iron, iron sulphate or haem-bound iron in concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1500 mg iron kg^?1 for 8 weeks. No significant differences in growth or mortality were found, except in fish fed 1500 mg haem iron kg^?1, which showed reduced growth. In fish fed diets supplemented with elemental iron below 1500 mg iron kg^?1, blood haemoglobin and hepatic iron concentration decreased compared with fish fed the unsupplemented diet. Fish fed diets supplemented with iron sulphate showed increased blood haemoglobin and hepatic iron concentrations between 25 and 100 mg iron kg^?1. Fish fed diets supplemented with haem-bound iron showed increased hepatic iron at all dietary iron levels, while blood haemoglobin concentration decreased in the group fed 1500 mg haem iron kg^?1. The bioavailability of haem iron relative to sulphate iron was calculated by the slope ratio method to be 239% and 148% using blood haemoglobin and hepatic iron, respectively. Relative bioavailability of elemental iron was zero when dietary supplementation levels were between 25 and 500 mg iron kg^?1, while a small part was utilized when 1500 mg elemental iron kg^?1 was supplemented. Additions of 500 and 1500 mg haem-bound iron kg^?1 resulted in a complete loss of ascorbic acid in these diets. When these groups were discounted, no significant relationship between hepatic iron and hepatic ascorbic acid was found. There was no significant effect of dietary iron on whole-body manganese concentration and only a weak effect on whole-body zinc concentration. No significant correlations between dietary iron and hepatic copper concentration were found in any of the dietary treatments. This study also showed that the level of inorganic iron supplementation may be reduced by inclusion of 20 g blood meal kg^?1 in the diet.  相似文献   

Evolving the narrative for protecting a rapidly changing ocean,post-COVID-19     

D. Laffoley  J.M. Baxter  D.J. Amon  J. Claudet  J.M. Hall-Spencer  K. Grorud-Colvert  L.A. Levin  P.C. Reid  A.D. Rogers  M.L. Taylor  L.C. Woodall  N.F. Andersen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(6):1512-1534

1. The ocean is the linchpin supporting life on Earth, but it is in declining health due to an increasing footprint of human use and climate change. Despite notable successes in helping to protect the ocean, the scale of actions is simply not now meeting the overriding scale and nature of the ocean's problems that confront us.
2. Moving into a post-COVID-19 world, new policy decisions will need to be made. Some, especially those developed prior to the pandemic, will require changes to their trajectories; others will emerge as a response to this global event. Reconnecting with nature, and specifically with the ocean, will take more than good intent and wishful thinking. Words, and how we express our connection to the ocean, clearly matter now more than ever before.
3. The evolution of the ocean narrative, aimed at preserving and expanding options and opportunities for future generations and a healthier planet, is articulated around six themes: (1) all life is dependent on the ocean; (2) by harming the ocean, we harm ourselves; (3) by protecting the ocean, we protect ourselves; (4) humans, the ocean, biodiversity, and climate are inextricably linked; (5) ocean and climate action must be undertaken together; and (6) reversing ocean change needs action now.
4. This narrative adopts a ‘One Health’ approach to protecting the ocean, addressing the whole Earth ocean system for better and more equitable social, cultural, economic, and environmental outcomes at its core. Speaking with one voice through a narrative that captures the latest science, concerns, and linkages to humanity is a precondition to action, by elevating humankind's understanding of our relationship with ‘planet Ocean’ and why it needs to become a central theme to everyone's lives. We have only one ocean, we must protect it, now. There is no ‘Ocean B’.

  相似文献