Evolving the narrative for protecting a rapidly changing ocean,post-COVID-19     

D. Laffoley  J.M. Baxter  D.J. Amon  J. Claudet  J.M. Hall-Spencer  K. Grorud-Colvert  L.A. Levin  P.C. Reid  A.D. Rogers  M.L. Taylor  L.C. Woodall  N.F. Andersen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(6):1512-1534

1. The ocean is the linchpin supporting life on Earth, but it is in declining health due to an increasing footprint of human use and climate change. Despite notable successes in helping to protect the ocean, the scale of actions is simply not now meeting the overriding scale and nature of the ocean's problems that confront us.
2. Moving into a post-COVID-19 world, new policy decisions will need to be made. Some, especially those developed prior to the pandemic, will require changes to their trajectories; others will emerge as a response to this global event. Reconnecting with nature, and specifically with the ocean, will take more than good intent and wishful thinking. Words, and how we express our connection to the ocean, clearly matter now more than ever before.
3. The evolution of the ocean narrative, aimed at preserving and expanding options and opportunities for future generations and a healthier planet, is articulated around six themes: (1) all life is dependent on the ocean; (2) by harming the ocean, we harm ourselves; (3) by protecting the ocean, we protect ourselves; (4) humans, the ocean, biodiversity, and climate are inextricably linked; (5) ocean and climate action must be undertaken together; and (6) reversing ocean change needs action now.
4. This narrative adopts a ‘One Health’ approach to protecting the ocean, addressing the whole Earth ocean system for better and more equitable social, cultural, economic, and environmental outcomes at its core. Speaking with one voice through a narrative that captures the latest science, concerns, and linkages to humanity is a precondition to action, by elevating humankind's understanding of our relationship with ‘planet Ocean’ and why it needs to become a central theme to everyone's lives. We have only one ocean, we must protect it, now. There is no ‘Ocean B’.

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Evaluation of a 40 day Assay for Testing Endocrine Disrupters: Effects of an Anti-Estrogen and an Aromatase Inhibitor on Sex Ratio and Vitellogenin Concentrations in Juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio)     

L. Andersen  K. Kinnberg  H. Holbech  B. Korsgaard  P. Bjerregaard 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2004,30(3-4):257-266

In the present study, the effects of the anti-estrogen ZM 189,156 and the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole were evaluated in a 40-day juvenile assay developed for screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Juvenile zebrafish were exposed from 20 to 60 days post hatch (dph) to ZM 189, 154 (100 μg l⁻¹ and 200 μg l⁻¹) and fadrozole (10, 32, and 100 μg l⁻¹). VTG concentrations were measured at 38 dph by the use of a direct non-competitive sandwich ELISA and sex ratios were determined at 60 dph by histological examination of the gonads. A small but significant increase in VTG concentrations was observed in fish exposed to ZM 189, 156 (100 and 200 μg l⁻¹) and fadrozole (10 and 100 μg l⁻¹) compared to control groups. In fish exposed to ZM 189, 156 and fadrozole, the percentage of females declined and the number of undifferentiated fish increased. These findings show that exposure of juvenile zebrafish to an aromatase inhibitor or an anti-estrogen during early development inhibits differentiation and development of female gonads. The data presented, furthermore, show that the 40-day juvenile assay may be suitable for screening endocrine disrupting chemicals acting as anti-estrogens and aromatase inhibitors.  相似文献   

Volatilisation of aromatic hydrocarbons from soil: Part I,fluxes from coal tar contaminated surface soils     

BO Lindhardt  Thomas H. Christensen  Lizzi Andersen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,89(1-2):129-146

The non-steady-state fluxes of aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in the laboratory from the surface of soils contaminated with coal tar. Four soil samples from a former gasworks site were used for the experiments. The fluxes were quantified for 11 selected compounds, 4 mono- and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a period of up to 8 or 16 days. The concentrations of the selected compounds in the soils were between 0.2 and 3,100 µg/g. The study included the experimental determination of the distribution coefficient of the aromatic hydrocarbons between the sorbed phase and the water under saturated conditions. The determined distribution coefficients showed that the aromatic hydrocarbons were more strongly sorbed to the total organic carbon including the coal tar pitch — by a factor of 8 to 25 — than expected for natural organic matter. The fluxes were also estimated using an analytical solution of the Fick's diffusion equation and assuming that the compounds diffused independently of each other and that instant equilibrium existed between the air, water and sorbed phases. A relatively good agreement was found between the predicted and the measured flux. The predicted fluxes were between 0.11 and 7.5 time the measured fluxes. The fluxes were overestimated for the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and underestimated for 3-rings-PAHs.  相似文献   

Risk analysis applied to food fortification     

Meltzer HM  Aro A  Andersen NL  Koch B  Alexander J 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(3):281-291

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Flavone C-glycosides from leaves of Oxalis triangularis     

Rayyan S  Fossen T  Andersen ØM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10057-10060

The flavone C-glycosides luteolin 6-C-(2'-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (1), apigenin 6-C-(2'-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (2), apigenin 6-C-(2'-O-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 6-C-(2'-O-(6'-(E)-caffeoylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (4), and apigenin 6-C-(2'-O-(6'-(E)-p-coumaroylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (5) have been isolated from the purple leaves of Oxalis triangularis. Compound 4 is new, while 5 has previously been isolated from Cucumis sativus after treatment with silicon and infection with Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Signal duplication in the NMR spectra of 2, 4, and 5 revealed the presence of rotameric conformers, created by rotational hindrance at the C(sp3) -C(sp2) glucosyl-flavone linkage in these flavone C-glycosides.  相似文献   

Influence of year and planting date on fatty acid chemistry of high oleic acid and normal peanut genotypes     

Andersen PC  Gorbet DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):1298-1305

The effect of an early-, mid-, or late-season planting date on the fatty acid chemistry of four high oleic acid, one mid oleic acid, and five normal oleic acid peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes was evaluated over a three year period. Oleic acid was also compared to other fatty acids and to indices of oil quality. High-oleic genotypes included SunOleic 97R, UF98326, UF99621, and 88x1B-OLBC1-6-1-3-1-b2-B with a mean oleic acid content between 77.8 and 82.5%. Florida MDR98, a mid-oleic cultivar, was intermediate in oleic acid chemistry (59.8-68.0%). The normal oil chemistry lines (Georgia Greene, Andru93, Florunner, 86x13A-4-2-3-2-b3-B, and UF97102) had an oleic acid content between 50.0 and 59.0%. The ratio of oleic to linoleic (O/L) was 18:1 to 51:1 for high-oleic lines and 1.7:1 to 3.5:1 for normal genotypes. When analyzed as a split-split plot in time, year had a highly significant effect (P < 0.001) on the eight main fatty acids, iodine value, ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (U/S), and percentage of saturated fatty acids. Thus, data were analyzed separately by year. Although genotypic effects were highly significant each year, planting date influenced oil chemistry in two of three years. During both 1999 and 2000, 11 of 12 variables were influenced by planting date and by genotype x planting date interactions. Iodine values were approximately 75 for high-oleic lines compared to 90-95 for normal genotypes. The highest correlations occurred for oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) (r = -0.996) and for oleic and palmitic (16:0) acids (r = -0.959). Oleic acid was also inversely related to iodine value (r = -0.978) and to percentage saturation (r = -0.841).  相似文献   

Trends in Surface Water Acidification in Europe and North America (1989–1998)     

Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle  John L. Stoddard  T. Andersen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):787-792

During the last 20 years, emission reductions in Europe and North America have resulted in decreased atmospheric S-deposition of up to 50%, while N-deposition has stayed almost constant. Data from 98 ICP Waters sites were tested for trends in concentrations of major chemical components for the 10-year period 1989-1998 using the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test. The sites were grouped into regions and types for meta-analysis. All of the regions had highly significant downward trends in SO₄ ^2?* concentrations. Nitrate concentrations, on the other hand, show no regional patterns of change. Concentrations of base cations declined in most regions. All regions showed tendencies of increasing DOC. The low ANC sites showed the largest rates of recovery. Neither the high NO₃ ^? or low NO₃ ^? groups of sites exhibited significant trends in NO₃ ^? concentrations. Alpine (non-forested) sites show clear and consistent signals of recovery in ANC and pH, and appropriate (relative to SO₄ ^2?* trends) rates of base cation decline.  相似文献   

A new tool for air sample-based surveillance of Campylobacter and Salmonella in poultry flocks     

K.B. Andersen  R.M. Engberg  J. Skov 《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2022,31(2):100236

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Carry-over effects of ozone on root growth and carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine seedlings     

Andersen CP  Wilson R  Plocher M  Hogsett WE 《Tree physiology》1997,17(12):805-811

Ozone exposure decreases belowground carbon allocation and root growth of plants; however, the extent to which these effects persist and the cumulative impact of ozone stress on plant growth are poorly understood. To evaluate the potential for plant compensation, we followed the progression of ozone effects, with particular emphasis on the development of new roots. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were exposed to ozone for 2 years. Following removal of the seedlings from ozone, root growth was assessed to characterize the carry-over effects on new root production, and carbohydrate concentrations were measured to determine if allocation strategies differed among ozone treatments. Four months after removal from ozone, dormant seedlings had significantly lower starch concentrations in stems, coarse roots and fine roots than control seedlings. Following root flushing, starch concentrations in all seedlings decreased, with ozone-treated seedlings containing significantly less starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose and total monosaccharides than control seedlings. There was some evidence that stem starch was mobilized to compensate partially for the lower concentrations of root starch in ozone-treated seedlings; however, there was significantly less new root production in seedlings previously exposed to ozone for 2 years than in control seedlings. Early senescence of older needle age classes, perhaps resulting in inadequate available photosynthate, may be responsible for the reduction in new root production during the year following exposure to ozone. Stored carbohydrate reserves, which were depleted in seedlings previously exposed to ozone, were insufficient to compensate for the ozone-induced reduction in canopy photosynthate. We conclude that there are carry-over effects of ozone exposure on ponderosa pine seedlings, including an enhanced potential for seedling susceptibility to other stresses even in respite years when ozone concentrations are low.  相似文献   

Origins of fullerenes in rocks     

Ebbesen TW  Hiura H  Hedenquist JW  de Ronde CE  Andersen A  Often M  Melezhik VA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5217):1634-1635

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