先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治     

胡晓丰  丁秀芹 《林业科技情报》2007,39(4):82-83

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.  相似文献   

Plant diversity of secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jiaojun Zhu  Zhihong Mao  Lile Hu  Jinxin Zhang 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(6):403-416

The effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and plant diversity of secondary forest ecosystems were evaluated based on the classification by site factors in the montane regions of northeastern China. Forty-five sample plots containing 720 sub-plots of overstory species (8 m × 8 m), 1,440 quadrats of understory species (2 m × 2 m), and 1,440 quadrats of herbaceous layer species (1 m × 1 m) were clustered into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) by site variables with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Meanwhile, the disturbance levels corresponding to the five groups were determined according to the factors influencing human disturbances (D0-G2, D1-G1, D2-G3, D3-G5, and D4-G4). Species diversities of overstory, understory, herbaceous layer and overall species were evaluated using species number, Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Simpson index; and β-diversities (Whittaker index, Cody index). Basal area of stands exhibited a decreasing trend along the disturbance level due to a gradual increase in the extraction of timber by the human disturbances. The indices of species diversity suggested that overstory and understory species were distributed evenly among the groups or disturbance levels. There were no absolutely dominant tree species in the secondary forest ecosystems. The differences in site factors and the current disturbance intensities were not intense enough to lead to loose changes in overstory and understory species. The species diversity indices exhibited the maximum values at D3 (G5) for herbaceous layer species; this may suggest that the current disturbance intensities were intense enough to lead the changes of herbaceous layer species. Three rare and endangered species (Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Acanthopanax senticosus) were found within the secondary forests. These rare and endangered species appeared in each clustered group or disturbance level, which suggested that the current disturbance intensity in the study area was not strong enough to influence the distribution of rare and endangered species. The current disturbances in the secondary forests may not lead to a decrease in stability and complexity of the overstory and understory species, but the higher disturbance level may be intense enough to change the habitat fitness for the herbaceous species. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized authors.  相似文献   

Phylogeographic patterns of Armillariaostoyae in the western United States     

J. W. Hanna  N. B. Klopfenstein  M.‐S. Kim  G. I. McDonald  J. A. Moore 《Forest Pathology》2007,37(3):192-216

Nuclear ribosomal DNA regions (i.e. large subunit, internal transcribed spacer, 5.8S and intergenic spacer) were sequenced using a direct‐polymerase chain reaction method from Armillaria ostoyae genets collected from the western USA. Many of the A. ostoyae genets contained heterogeneity among rDNA repeats, indicating intragenomic variation and likely intraspecific hybridization. Intragenomic variation was verified by visually editing base‐sequence offsets in regions with insertions/deletions, and using sequence‐specific internal primers to resequence heterogeneous regions. Phylogenetic analyses with Bayesian Inference methods were used to define groups within A. ostoyae. Analysis of A. ostoyae from outside the western USA indicated the presence of a Circumboreal group of A. ostoyae that also occurs in Utah; two other phylogeographic groups were associated with the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions of the USA. Mixed sequence types, an indication of intraspecific hybrids, were common in some geographic regions. Hybridization events may have influenced species evolution, contributing to variation in pathogenicity and virulence. The occurrence of these groups and intraspecific hybrids also indicates that paleogeography and paleoclimate may have influenced the phylogeography of A. ostoyae. In addition, other Armillaria species were examined for evolutionary relationships with the groups of A. ostoyae. These findings will provide a basis for future research relating ecological function to genetic diversity within A. ostoyae.  相似文献   

Locating and identifying sound knots and dead knots on sugi by the rule-based color vision system     

Chuanshuang?Hu  Chiaki?TanakaEmail author  Tadashi?Ohtani 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):115-122

Knowledge of the occurrence of sound and dead knots on the surface of sugi is important for the classification and application of the material. This study examined a color vision system for detecting sound and dead knots on sugi. The system can be conceptually divided into three components: a CCD-camera scanning system, an image-segmenting module, and a rule-based defect identifying module. The results showed that the potential defect regions could be located by Otsus threshold algorithm in conjunction with t-test analysis. The accuracies of locating sound knots and dead knots were 92.6% and 97.1%, respectively. The rule-based approach was used to identify sound and dead knots and the identifying accuracies for sound knots and dead knots were 92.0% and 94.1%, respectively. The overall detection accuracy of the system was 87.6%. The results indicated that the rule-based color vision system is an efficient means of detecting sound knots and dead knots on sugi.  相似文献   

Reliability of field,greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for evaluating susceptibility of Scots pine to Melampsora pinitorqua     

C. Quencez  Desprez‐Loustau  Bastien 《Forest Pathology》2001,31(4):193-208

The reliability of field, greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for the assessment of the susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) genotypes to Melampsora pinitorqua, the causal agent of twisting rust, was evaluated. Fourteen genotypes evaluated on half‐sib progenies after natural infection of 2‐year‐old plants showed comparable rank for rust susceptibility with those evaluated after controlled inoculation of 1‐year‐old seedlings in a greenhouse. The dynamic of pycnia production was assessed at 2‐day intervals in cut‐shoot assays under controlled conditions, giving reliable rankings of Scots pine genotypes between years and being significantly correlated with rust susceptibility assessed after natural infection of 2‐year‐old progenies. These results underlined the importance of some critical factors such as inoculum load and host phenology in the reliability of susceptibility evaluations assessed under different experimental conditions. Artificial inoculation of 1‐year‐old seedlings in greenhouse experiments could provide a useful early test for the management of Scots pine breeding programmes and study of inheritance of twisting rust susceptibility. However, in specific investigations the cut‐shoot assay would constitute a reliable laboratory test for studying host–pathogen interactions and the variability in pathogenicity of Melampsora pinitorqua populations.  相似文献   

山楂丛枝病类菌原体(MLO)的电镜观察          下载免费PDF全文

金开璇  汪跃  张锐  王敏  王以莲 《林业科学研究》1992,5(3):365-366

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干旱条件下叶黄素循环抑制剂对欧李光合指标的影响     

高文蕊  胡银松  王瑞芳  宋兴舜 《森林工程》2015,(2):71-74

研究在干旱胁迫下外施两种抑制剂对欧李光合作用,叶绿素荧光以及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:外施二硫苏糖醇(DTT)和葡糖胺(Gla)使叶黄素循环受阻,光合作用下降,气孔导度降低,不能正常耗散光能,光合器官受损伤,且Gla的抑制程度高于DTT。随着处理时间的延长,植株正常的热耗散不能顺利进行,非光化学淬灭系数NPQ降低。最大光化学效率Fv/Fm降低,过剩的光能对植物体形成光抑制作用,且DTT的抑制作用高于Gla。外施抑制剂促进叶绿素的增加。本文利用抑制剂策略,为进一步探究逆境胁迫下欧李叶黄素循环的响应提供基础理论。  相似文献   

The impact of human activity on the biomass allocation of a medicinal herbaceous species in an agroforestry system of Southwest China     

J. Zhang  T. Shen  Y. L. Zhao  H. Jin  L. H. Wu  H. G. Liu  Y. Z. Wang 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(3):469-476

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延边黄牛SREBP1和SCD1基因表达的发育性变化及与肌间脂肪含量的关联分析     

金世杰  李香子  高青山  周宁  李庚灿  尹云厚  严昌国 《饲料工业》2015,(3):37-42

文章旨在研究延边黄牛不同生长阶段固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(Sterol regulatory ele-ment binding factor 1,SREBP1)和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(Stearoyl Co A desaturease 1,SCD1)基因表达的发育性变化与IMF含量的相关性以及这两个基因表达水平的关联性。试验选取12月龄的延边黄牛公牛(去势)8头,利用微量微创活体采样枪(韩国忠北大学提供),分别在12月龄,16月龄,20月龄,采集肌肉组织(臀肌);利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析SREBP1和SCD1基因在延边黄牛不同生长阶段肌肉组织中的m RNA发育性变化。结果表明:1延边黄牛SREBP1基因相对表达水平在12、16、20月龄具有极其显著差异(P0.01),其中20月龄时SREBP1基因表达量相对最高;SCD1基因相对表达水平在12、16、20月龄具有显著差异(P0.05),其中20月龄时SCD1基因表达量相对最高。2肌肉组织中SREBP1基因的表达量在12~20月龄期间与IMF含量具有正向相关性,相关系数为0.910(P0.05);SCD1基因的表达量在12~20月龄期间与IMF含量具有正向相关性,相关系数为0.934(P0.05)。结果表明,SREBP1和SCD1基因在延边黄牛不同生长阶段存在显著或极显著差异,SREBP1和SCD1基因的协同表达对延边黄牛不同生长阶段肌内脂肪的沉积有一定的正向调控作用。  相似文献   

富硒女贞子粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹慧  劳雪芬  王程凯  徐筱萌  李丹丹  陈静  曹铮  许小琴 《中国兽医学报》2015,(2):283-286

从富硒女贞子及女贞子中提取粗多糖,探讨其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将90只小鼠随机均分为3组:对照组、富硒女贞子粗多糖组、普通女贞子粗多糖组。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组小鼠灌服粗多糖液,灌服2次,每次连续5 d。2次灌胃的第3天注射卵清蛋白,二免后测定胸腺脾脏指数;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖水平;ELISA试剂盒检测血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平及相应抗体生成水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组脾脏和胸腺指数明显升高,脾淋巴细胞增殖作用显著提高;IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平明显提高,其中IFN-γ与对照组存在显著差异;而对特异性卵清抗体生成影响不大。这表明富硒女贞子粗多糖较普通女贞子粗多糖能更好地促进机体非特异性免疫及细胞免疫,从而增强机体免疫功能,在特异性体液免疫的作用方面则没有表现出明显的规律性,还需进一步研究。  相似文献