Detection of porcine circovirus genotypes 2a and 2b in aborted foetuses from infected swine herds in the State of S?o Paulo,Brazil     

Alessandra MMG de Castro  Taís F Cruz  Vanessa R Salgado  Tatiana M Kanashiro  Karen L Ferrari  Jo?o P Araujo  Jr  Paulo E Brand?o  Leonardo J Richtzenhain 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):29

Background

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been associated with several disease complexes, including reproductive failure. The aim of this study was to identify the subtypes of PCV2 that are associated with reproductive failure in pigs from the State of São Paulo, Brazil and to investigate co-infections with other infectious organisms.

Findings

Samples of 168 aborted foetuses or mummified foetuses from five farrow-to-finish swine farms known to be infected with PCV2 and located in the State of São Paulo were tested for PCV2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were additionally tested for porcine parvovirus (PPV), Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp. by PCR. PCV2 was detected in 18 of the samples (10.7%). PPV, Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp were found in 2, 10 and 0 cases, respectively. Eleven PCV2 strains were sequenced and determined to be either genotype 2a (n = 1) or 2b (n = 10).

Conclusions

The findings indicate that the frequency of PCV2 infections in aborted porcine foetuses from the State of São Paulo is rather low (10.7%) and that co-infection with other pathogens is common and may be involved in PCV2 associated reproductive failure. No repeatable, characteristic amino acid motifs for regions of the PCV2 capsid protein seemed to be associated with abortion in sows.  相似文献   

Participatory agroforestry development for restoring degraded sloping land in DPR Korea     

Jianchu Xu  Meine van Noordwijk  Jun He  Kwang-Ju Kim  Ryong-Song Jo  Kon-Gyu Pak  Un-Hui Kye  Jong-Sik Kim  Kwon-Mu Kim  Yong-Nam Sim  Je-Un Pak  Ki-Ung Song  Yong-Song Jong  Kwang-Chol Kim  Chol-Jun Pang  Myong-Hyok Ho 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(2):291-303

Participatory approaches in agroforestry combine land, labor, and knowledge, by blending local experience with external expert support for sloping land restoration. We describe and analyze over a decade of bottom-up agroforestry development processes that today are influencing national policies. In the 1990s, after economic upheaval following the collapse of trade with the USSR (Soviet Union) rapid conversion of sloping lands to agriculture, in association with heavy rainfall events, caused widespread erosion and landslides. In response, pilot scale ??user groups?? obtained rights-to-use, rights-to-harvest and rights-to-plan or access to sloping lands for tree products and food. All three rights were novel in the DPR Korea and jointly contributed to success, together with active research support. Innovations in double-cropping annual food crops together with non-competitive contour strips of valuable fruits (aronia berry: Aronia melanocarpa) and/or high-value timber (larch: Larix leptolepis) emerged as preferred local agroforestry systems. Broad support for agroforestry practices has now emerged within the Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection as well as a number of universities and research centres. Further development will require increased engagement with agricultural and horticultural agencies, while the social dimensions of participatory agroforestry continue to provide rich learning.  相似文献   

Stomatal response of an anisohydric grapevine cultivar to evaporative demand, available soil moisture and abscisic acid   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rogiers SY  Greer DH  Hatfield JM  Hutton RJ  Clarke SJ  Hutchinson PA  Somers A 《Tree physiology》2012,32(3):249-261

Stomatal responsiveness to evaporative demand (air vapour pressure deficit (VPD)) ranges widely between species and cultivars, and mechanisms for stomatal control in response to VPD remain obscure. The interaction of irrigation and soil moisture with VPD on stomatal conductance is particularly difficult to predict, but nevertheless is critical to instantaneous transpiration and vulnerability to desiccation. Stomatal sensitivity to VPD and soil moisture was investigated in Semillon, an anisohydric Vitis vinifera L. variety whose leaf water potential (Ψ(l)) is frequently lower than that of other grapevine varieties grown under similar conditions in the warm grape-growing regions of Australia. A survey of Semillon vines across seven vineyards revealed that, regardless of irrigation treatment, midday Ψ(l) was dependent on not only soil moisture but VPD at the time of measurement. Predawn Ψ(l) was more closely correlated to not only soil moisture in dry vineyards but to night-time VPD in drip-irrigated vineyards, with incomplete rehydration during high night-time VPD. Daytime stomatal conductance was low only under severe plant water deficits, induced by extremes in dry soil. Stomatal response to VPD was inconsistent across irrigation regime; however, in an unirrigated vineyard, stomatal sensitivity to VPD-the magnitude of stomatal response to VPD-was heightened under dry soils. It was also found that stomatal sensitivity was proportional to the magnitude of stomatal conductance at a reference VPD of 1kPa. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) applied to roots of Semillon vines growing in a hydroponic system induced stomatal closure and, in field vines, petiole xylem sap ABA concentrations rose throughout the morning and were higher in vines with low Ψ(l). These data indicate that despite high stomatal conductance of this anisohydric variety when grown in medium to high soil moisture, increased concentrations of ABA as a result of very limited soil moisture may augment stomatal responsiveness to low VPD.  相似文献   

Evaluation in broilers of the probiotic properties of Pichia pastoris and a recombinant P. pastoris containing the Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene     

Gil de los Santos JR  Storch OB  Fernandes CG  Gil-Turnes C 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(3-4):448-451

The probiotic properties of Pichia pastoris and of a recombinant P. pastoris containing the Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin gene were evaluated in broilers. One-day-old chicks randomly divided in four groups were fed with commercial feed devoid of antibacterials. The control group (1) received plain food, while the other groups were supplemented with either P. pastoris (2), the recombinant P. pastoris (3) or Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi (4). At day 49, live weights, feed efficiency and seroconversions were higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups than in the control groups. Group 3 showed the best results, while group 2 had lower weight gain than groups 3 and 4 although food conversion was better than in group 4. Seroconversions were not different (P>0.05) among the supplemented groups. Adverse reactions were not observed in histopathologic evaluation. We concluded that P. pastoris and the recombinant P. pastoris could be used as probiotics in broilers.  相似文献   

Contraceptive effect and potential side-effects of deslorelin acetate implants in rats (Rattus norvegicus): Preliminary observations     

Claire Grosset  Stijn Peters  Franck Peron  Jo?lle Figuéra  Christelle Navarro 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(3):209-214

During the last ten years, numerous species have been treated with deslorelin implants to induce contraception. The aims of the study were 1) to assess contraceptive efficacy of 4.7 mg subcutaneous deslorelin implants in rats, 2) to determine the latency of contraceptive effect, and 3) to determine potential side effects. Three experimental females were implanted and their estrous cycle was studied by vaginal smear. Two weeks after implantation, a male whose fertility was previously assessed with a control female, was introduced into their cage. No female conceived during the 4 mo following implantation. Additionally, 38 pet rats were recruited from clients in practice to test for potential side effects, including 6 males and 32 females with a mean age of 14 mo. Local reaction and transient weight gain during the first 2 wk, as well as behavioral changes were recorded. According to this pilot study, deslorelin implant could be used as a contraceptive method in female rats. The latency period is about 2 wk. Nevertheless, it might be possible to refine the treatment further using hormonal measurements. The duration of contraceptive effect is to be determined in an upcoming study.  相似文献   

Determination of melamine content in amino resins by near-infrared spectroscopy     

Ana Henriques  Paulo Cruz  João M. Ferra  Jorge Martins  Fernão D. Magalhães  Luísa H. Carvalho 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(5):939-948

Melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin production has increased in the last years due to low formaldehyde emissions and improved moisture resistance when applied on wood-based panels. Melamine is a relatively high-cost raw material in the resin formulation and has a significant effect on wood-based panel properties. It is important for industry to implement efficient quality control methods to determine melamine content in resins. The main objective of this work was to develop chemometric techniques for off-line monitoring of melamine content using near-infrared spectroscopy. The use of interval partial least squares regression allowed identifying the most interesting spectral ranges for analysis (4,400–4,800 and 5,200–5,600 cm^?1) and the best preprocessing methods to use in the determination of this property. When the appropriate spectral range and preprocessing methods are selected, it is possible to obtain calibration models with high correlation coefficients.  相似文献   

Colorimetric detection of transition metal ions with azopyridine-based probing molecule in aqueous solution and in PMMA film     

Daigeun Kim  Ara Jo  Bum-Kyoung Seo  Kune-Woo Lee  Won Ho Park  Taek Seung Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(12):1993-1998

We report on an azopyridine derivative for probing transition metal ions and fabrication of its films. The probe, AP, showed a sensitive absorption change toward transition metal ions, especially cobalt ion, even at the concentration of ppm range, accompanied by yellow-to-red color transition with noticeable isosbestic point. In addition, the AP-containing PMMA film with high transparency can be fabricated by spin-casting without any aggregation of AP. The film with PMMA matrix shows good sensitivity toward cobalt ion similar to the case in the solution with a feature of metallochromic transition.  相似文献   

Note on the Taxonomy of Genetta     

João Crawford  Meneses Cabral 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):25-26

The recruitment patterns of six teleosts were studied at King’s Beach, Algoa Bay. February to May marked the major recruitment period for Diplodus sargus, Lithognathus mormyrus, Rhabdosargus globiceps and Trachurus capensis. The major recruitment of Sarpa salpa fry took place between August and September. Pomadasys olivaceum fry of < 5 cm total length were caught throughout the year indicating an extended breeding period. The estimated growth rates of new recruits between February and May (autumn/winter) was 0,60 cm month ^-1 for L. mormyrus, 0,75 cm month^-1 for ft globiceps and 0,40 cm month^-1 for T. capensis. The empirical growth curve derived for S. salpa indicated a growth rate of 0,75 cm month^-1. No growth estimates could be made for P. olivaceum or D. sargus.  相似文献   

Anti HSV-1 Activity of Halistanol Sulfate and Halistanol Sulfate C Isolated from Brazilian Marine Sponge Petromica citrina (Demospongiae)     

Tatiana da Rosa Guimar?es  Carlos Guillermo Quiroz  Caroline Rigotto  Simone Quintana de Oliveira  Maria Tereza Rojo de Almeida  éverson Miguel Bianco  Maria Izabel Goulart Moritz  Jo?o Luís Carraro  Jorge Alejandro Palermo  Gabriela Cabrera  Eloir Paulo Schenkel  Flávio Henrique Reginatto  Cláudia Maria Oliveira Sim?es 《Marine drugs》2013,11(11):4176-4192

The n-butanol fraction (BF) obtained from the crude extract of the marine sponge Petromica citrina, the halistanol-enriched fraction (TSH fraction), and the isolated compounds halistanol sulfate (1) and halistanol sulfate C (2), were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the replication of the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the viral plaque number reduction assay. The TSH fraction was the most effective against HSV-1 replication (SI = 15.33), whereas compounds 1 (SI = 2.46) and 2 (SI = 1.95) were less active. The most active fraction and these compounds were also assayed to determine the viral multiplication step(s) upon which they act as well as their potential synergistic effects. The anti-HSV-1 activity detected was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment and by the penetration into Vero cells, the virucidal effect on virus particles, and by the impairment in levels of ICP27 and gD proteins of HSV-1. In summary, these results suggest that the anti-HSV-1 activity of TSH fraction detected is possibly related to the synergic effects of compounds 1 and 2.  相似文献   

Dietary roughage sources affect lactating Holstein x Zebu cows under experimental conditions in Brazil: a meta-analysis     

Alessio  Dileta Regina Moro  Velho  João Pedro  Tambara  Antônio Augusto Cortiana  de Oliveira Gomes  Ivan Pedro  Knob  Deise Aline  Haygert-Velho  Ione Maria Pereira  Busanello  Marcos  Thaler Neto  André 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):185-193

Tropical Animal Health and Production - To reduce costs, lactating cows are often fed a higher proportion of roughage and alternative feeds; however, such protocols may not lead to optimal milk...  相似文献