Use of shrimp protein hydrolysate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) feeds     

Albino Luciani Gonçalves Leal  Patrícia Fernandes de Castro  João Paulo Viana de Lima  Eudes de Souza Correia  Ranilson de Souza Bezerra 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(4):635-646

A 45-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the use of shrimp protein hydrolysate (SPH) in diets for Oreochromis niloticus, L. SPH was included in isonitrogenous diets replacing fish meal protein by 0, 5, 10, and 20% and offered to Nile tilapia juveniles (1.7 ± 0.4 g) stocked in 40-L glass aquaria. The inclusion of SPH produced no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) in final weight, survival, weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, or apparent net protein utilization. The inclusion of SPH Nile tilapia diets significantly affected (P < 0.05) the final fish body composition. Protein and ash contents decreased and fat content increased slightly with the increase in SPH. This study has demonstrated that SPH is a promising protein feedstuff and could account for as much as 6% of Nile tilapia diets with no adverse effects on growth and nutrient utilization.  相似文献   

A method for applying fluvial geomorphology in support of catchment‐scale river restoration planning     

David Sear  Malcolm Newson  Christopher Hill  Jo Old  Julia Branson 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(5):506-519

• 1. This paper reports on an extension to the use of Fluvial Audit survey to include a subjective and adaptive multi‐criteria assessment (MCA) process that integrates scientific literature and observational data to develop three reach‐scale indices of: (a) channel modification; (b) channel function (sediment store or source); and (c) naturalness. These indices are nested within an overall conceptual model of channel evolution and used to underpin catchment scale river restoration.
• 2. The approach is described and applied to a small groundwater dominated river in the UK. The results show that over 48% of the total main river was in a degraded state relative to a conceptual model of a natural reference state. Only 23% of the river was in a near‐natural state.
• 3. MCA classifications were translated into a set of management actions necessary to return each reach to a near‐natural condition. These are described.
• 4. The method offers a transparent decision support for stakeholders that can incorporate differing scientific evidence. The use of MCA enables flexibility in terms of the relative importance of scores and weights placed upon factors in the final classification. This makes the approach amenable to stakeholder and public consultation.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A nematicidal metabolite from Verticillium chlamydosporium     

Bhupinder P S Khambay  Jo M Bourne  Stuart Cameron  Brian R Kerry  M Javed Zaki 《Pest management science》2000,56(12):1098-1099

A bioassay‐directed fractionation of cultures of the fungus, Verticillium chlamydosporium, demonstrated nematicidal activity, due mainly to phomalactone. Compared with aldicarb, the lethal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was less, but its activity in suppressing root invasion was similar. The extract also contained monorden. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Evaluation of the resistance of Coffea canephora to Oligonychus ilicis (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the preimaginal conditioning effect on resistance using a biological life table     

Ricardo Siqueira da Silva  João Rafael Silva Soares  Izailda Barbosa dos Santos  Mirian Filgueira Pimentel  Elizeu de Sá Farias  Júlio Cláudio Martins 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(1):10-15

Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important mite pests found in coffee plants. One way to reduce intensive pest attacks is management via resistant plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 14 C. canephora genotypes to O. ilicis by antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms and to determine the preimaginal conditioning effect on resistant genotypes using O. ilicis reared on C. canephora. Resistance by antixenosis was not found; however, nine genotypes showed resistance to O. ilicis via an antibiosis mechanism. Two of these resistant genotypes showed a more persistent resistance than the O. ilicis reared on C. canephora, which indicated that a previous host can affect the selection of a genotype by O. ilicis. The study may provide a model to evaluate the preimaginal conditioning effect on plant resistance, which can be useful for plant breeders.  相似文献   

Genetic progress of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines for disease resistance     

Natália Botega Alves  Marcio Balestre  João Paulo Pennacchi  Monique Caroline Nunes Fernandes  Douglas Goulart Castro  Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(5):853-861

The rice crop is affected by diseases throughout its cycle, impacting negatively on grain yield and quality. The control of the disease impact can be accomplished via crop breeding, using highly multiple resistant genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiple-character and specific selection of multiple resistance to major culture-associated diseases (neck blast, leaf scald and grain discoloration) in rice lines of the Upland Rice Genetic Breeding Program. The experiments were conducted in 35 sites during 12 agricultural years, where 124 lines were evaluated for the severity of fungal diseases, under natural field conditions. Multiple parameters were calculated based on the diseases´ scores: genetic, phenotypic and environmental variances, heritability, selection gain, renewal rate, and genetic and renewal progress. Genetic variance for the disease resistance was identified in the population, and the selection gain for multiple-character selection was of 3.16 year⁻¹ throughout the breeding process with a renewal rate of over 35%. The programme has showed efficiency in selecting multiple resistant genotypes to the mentioned diseases, highlighting genotypes with high potential for market release.  相似文献   

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling soybean seed starch content in an interspecific cross of ‘Williams 82’ (Glycine max) and ‘PI 366121’ (Glycine soja)          下载免费PDF全文

Sanjeev K. Dhungana  Krishnanand P. Kulkarni  Cheol W. Park  Hyun Jo  Jong T. Song  Dong‐Hyun Shin  Jeong‐Dong Lee 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(3):379-385

Seed starch content (SSC) greatly affects the taste, flavour and processing properties of soy foods. The objective in this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SSC in soybean. A total in 169 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross in ‘Williams 82’ and ‘PI 366121’ were grown for three consecutive years. The SSC of the RILs displayed continuous variation with transgressive segregation and hence amenable for QTL mapping. Nine significant QTL exhibiting 5.6–11.3% of the total phenotypic variation (PVE) were identified. The QTL qSTR06_2 showed highest PVE (9.1–11.3%) at LOD values of 4.25–5.39. No stable QTL over 3 years were identified, indicating strong environmental influence on SSC. The QTL qSTR11_1 and qSTR20_1 were found to colocalize with some of the previously reported QTL for sucrose content in soybean, implying the interrelationship between starch and sucrose biosynthesis. As the carbohydrate components may affect key constituents such as oil and protein in soybean seed, findings of the study may be useful in breeding soybeans with improved seed composition.  相似文献   

Maize participatory breeding in Portugal: Comparison of farmer's and breeder's on‐farm selection          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro Mendes‐Moreira  Zlatko Satovic  João Mendes‐Moreira  João Pedro Santos  João Pedro Nina Santos  Silas Pêgo  Maria Carlota Vaz Patto 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(6):861-871

“VASO” is a Portuguese participatory maize breeding project (1984), where several maize landraces such as “Pigarro” have been selected both by a farmer's (phenotypic recurrent selection) and a breeder's approach (S2 lines recurrent selection). The objectives of this study were to determine the phenotypic and genotypic responses to participatory selection using these two different approaches, to clarify to which extent both selection methods preserve genetic diversity, and conclude what is the preferred method to apply in sustainable farming systems. The results, obtained via ANOVA, regression analyses and molecular markers, indicate that for both selection methods, genetic diversity was not significantly reduced, even with the most intensive breeder's selection. Although there were some common outputs, such as the determinated versus indeterminated ears, cob and ear weight ratio per ear and rachis 2, specific phenotypic traits evolved in opposite directions between the two selection approaches. Yield increase was only detected during farmer selection, indicating its interest on PPB. Candidate genes were identified for a few of the traits under selection as potential functional markers in participatory plant breeding.  相似文献   

Accuracy evaluation of the crop-weather yield predictive models of Italian ryegrass and forage rye using cross-validation     

Jing-Lun Peng  Moon-Ju Kim  Mu-Hwan Jo  Doo-Hong Min  Kyung-Dae Kim  Bae-Hun Lee  Byong-Wan Kim  Kyung-Il Sung 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(4):327-334

The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the yield predictive models of Italian ryegrass (IRG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and forage rye (FR, Secale cereale L.) reported in previous studies through K-fold cross-validation method. In previous studies, statistical models were constructed for dry matter yield prediction of IRG and FR using general linear model based on climatic data by locations in the Republic of Korea. The yield predictive model for IRG cultivated in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island were DMY = 78.178AGD–254.622MTJ + 64.156SGD–76.954PAT150 + 4.711SAP + 1028.295 + Location and DMY =–8.044AAT + 18.640SDS–7.542SAT + 9.610SAP + 17282.191, respectively. The yield predictive model for FR was as follows: DMY = 20.999AGD + 163.705LTJ + 113.716SGD + 64.379PAT100–4964.728 + Location. However, accuracy evaluation was not performed in the previous research. In this study, the reported models and the data set used for model construction were investigated. Subsequently, K-fold cross-validation was performed to assess the accuracy of the models. The results showed that the yield predictive models fit to the data sets well, while the accuracy of these models was in the common level since the data sources might keep major variances in cultivars, climatic conditions, and cultivated locations. Therefore, models with better fitness and accuracy might be constructed based on a data set with smaller variance. Hence, the standardization of the crop cultivation experiments is very necessary to decrease the variance in the historical data used for future crop yield modeling.  相似文献   

Bat richness and activity in heterogeneous landscapes: guild-specific and scale-dependent?     

Eduardo S. Mendes  Carlos Fonseca  Sara F. Marques  Daniela Maia  Maria João Ramos Pereira 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(2):295-311

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Growth performance of disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai in pilot- and commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture systems     

Jeonghwan Park  Pyong-Kih Kim  Jae-Yoon Jo 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(3):191-202

The study investigated the growth performance of abalone from juvenile to marketable size in a commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture system. The rearing system consisted of 12 raceways (4.0 × 0.8 × 0.6 m) with a protein skimmer and a submerged biofilter for juveniles and 10 raceways (6.6 × 1.3 × 0.6 m) with a protein skimmer and a trickling biofilter for on-growing. Sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) and kelp (Laminaria japonica) were fed to the abalone. The total weight of abalone in the recirculating aquaculture system at the juvenile stage increased from 22.0 kg (average shell length 24.5 mm) to 75.5 kg (average shell length 42.5 mm) after 180 days. Feed conversion ratios increased slightly from 13.7 for the first 90 days to 16.3 thereafter. The shell growth rate of juvenile abalone between 24.5 mm and 34.8 mm was 3.4 mm month⁻¹, while for juveniles between 34.8 mm and 42.5 mm it was 2.6 mm month⁻¹. The total weight of abalone in the recirculating aquaculture system for the on-growing stage increased from 100.0 kg (average shell length 44.0 mm) to 433.3 kg (average shell length 72.7 mm) after 570 days. The feed conversion ratios for the first 173 days, the next 320 days, and the last 570 days were 19.6, 22.1, and 24.8, respectively. The growth rate of the average shell length during the on-growing period was 1.5 mm month⁻¹. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations were stabilized below 0.12 mg l⁻¹ in the juvenile recirculating system and 0.14 mg l⁻¹ in the on-growing recirculating system after conditioning of the biofilters.  相似文献