Crystal structure of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with initiation factor 1     

Rabl J  Leibundgut M  Ataide SF  Haag A  Ban N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6018):730-736

Eukaryotic ribosomes are substantially larger and more complex than their bacterial counterparts. Although their core function is conserved, bacterial and eukaryotic protein synthesis differ considerably at the level of initiation. The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) plays a central role in this process; it binds initiation factors that facilitate scanning of messenger RNAs and initiation of protein synthesis. We have determined the crystal structure of the Tetrahymena thermophila 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) at a resolution of 3.9 angstroms. The structure reveals the fold of the entire 18S ribosomal RNA and of all ribosomal proteins of the 40S subunit, and defines the interactions with eIF1. It provides insights into the eukaryotic-specific aspects of protein synthesis, including the function of eIF1 as well as signaling and regulation mediated by the ribosomal proteins RACK1 and rpS6e.  相似文献   

Responding to the challenge of communicable disease in Europe     

MacLehose L  McKee M  Weinberg J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5562):2047-2050

In the 1960s and 1970s, communicable disease seemed a minor threat, but since then the emergence of new infections and the reemergence of old diseases has provoked a renewed focus on European communicable disease surveillance and control. A "network approach" among European countries has been successful in detecting some international outbreaks, but management and funding aspects remain unresolved. Surveillance outside the European Union has faced new challenges as a result of economic and political change following the collapse of communism. Subsequently, innovative international surveillance schemes are currently being implemented in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The challenge for surveillance in Europe is to ensure that it has the capacity to meet both the needs of today and the diseases of the future.  相似文献   

Helical conformation of alkanes in a hydrophobic cavitand     

Trembleau L  Rebek J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5637):1219-1220

Alkanes adopt extended conformations in solution that minimize steric interactions and maximize surface area. Folding can reduce the amount of hydrophobic surface exposed to solvent, but sterically unfavorable gauche interactions result. However, we found that the alkyl chains of two common surfactants in aqueous solution adopt helical conformations when bound within a synthetic receptor. The receptor recognizes the helical alkane better than the extended conformation, even though 2 to 3 kilocalories per mole of strain is introduced. The proper filling of space and burial of hydrophobic surface drive the molecular recognition between the receptor and the coiled alkane.  相似文献   

A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity     

Prescott ED  Julius D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5623):1284-1288

The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.  相似文献   

Outcomes of cellophane banding for congenital portosystemic shunts in 106 dogs and 5 cats     

Hunt GB  Kummeling A  Tisdall PL  Marchevsky AM  Liptak JM  Youmans KR  Goldsmid SE  Beck JA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(1):25-31

OBJECTIVE : To report outcomes after cellophane banding of single congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN : Retrospective study of sequential cases. ANIMALS : One hundred and six dogs and five cats. METHODS : Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, age at surgery, shunt anatomy, results of pre- and postoperative biochemical analysis, development of postligation neurologic dysfunction, portal hypertension or other serious complications, and the owners' perception of their animal's response to surgery. RESULTS : Ninety-five dogs and all 5 cats had extrahepatic shunts. Eleven dogs had intrahepatic shunts. Six dogs (5.5%) died as a result of surgery from portal hypertension (2 dogs), postligation neurologic dysfunction (2), splenic hemorrhage (1) and suspected narcotic overdose (1). Serious complications were more common in dogs with intrahepatic shunts than those with extrahepatic shunts (P=.002). Postligation neurologic dysfunction necessitated treatment in 10 dogs and 1 cat; 8 dogs and the cat survived. Clinical signs attributed to portosystemic shunting resolved or were substantially attenuated in all survivors. Postoperative serum bile acid concentrations or results of ammonia tolerance testing were available for 88 animals; 74 (84%) were normal and 14 (16%) were abnormal. Multiple acquired shunts were documented in two animals. CONCLUSIONS : Cellophane banding is a safe and effective alternative to other methods of attenuation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Slow occlusion of portosystemic shunts using a variety of methods is being evaluated world wide. Cellophane banding is a relatively simple procedure with comparable safety and efficacy to previously reported techniques.  相似文献   

Developmental biology. Mixed messages in early development     

Cohen SM  Brennecke J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5770):65-66

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Cortical bone graft and endoprosthesis in the distal radius of dogs: a biomechanical comparison of two different limb-sparing techniques   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liptak JM  Ehrhart N  Santoni BG  Wheeler DL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(2):150-160

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Molecular marker-based genetic linkage map of a diploid banana population (Musa acuminata Colla)     

Edwige Gaby Nkouaya Mbanjo  Fran?ois Tchoumbougnang  Albert Sone Mouelle  Julius Enyong Oben  Moses Nyine  Carine Dochez  Morag Elizabeth Ferguson  James Lorenzen 《Euphytica》2012,188(3):369-386

A well-saturated genetic linkage map is valuable for fundamental and applied genetic research. Genetic linkage maps of two half-sib diploid banana populations were constructed using allele-specific-polymerase chain reactions (AS-PCRs), diversity array technology (DArT), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Molecular maps were produced for each parent using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The first maternal map (6142-1, 81 individuals) consisted of 231 markers divided as followed: 121 DArT, 106 SSR and 4 AS-PCR markers in 15 linkage groups (LGs) covering 670?cM. The second maternal map (6142-1-S, 58 individuals) contained a total of 152 markers including 71 DArTs, 79 SSRs, and 2 AS-PCRs mapped to 16 LGs that spanned 698?cM. The combined paternal map (139 individuals) comprised 316 markers (196 DArTs, 117 SSRs and 3 AS-PCRs) distributed over 15 LGs with a total map length of 1,004?cM. While distorted segregation of some markers was observed in all maps, this was much more frequent for the male parent. Homology between maps was assessed using common markers. While there was generally good congruity with regard to marker order across maps, incongruity in other cases may reflect chromosomal rearrangement events such as inversions, translocations, or deletions. The new banana map can provide a better understanding of the Musa genome and could be used for the identification of economically important traits and improvement of breeding strategies.  相似文献   

Potential of Fermentation in Detoxifying Toxic Cassava Root Tubers     

Morgan Andama  Julius Bunny  Lejju 《农业科学与技术》2012,(10):1182-1188

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Acknowledgements to referees     

Asko Mäki‐Tanila  Ignacy Misztal  Larry Schaeffer  Henner Simianer  Julius van der Werf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(6):501-501

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