Longitudinal analysis of body weight and average daily feed intake during the feedlot test period in Angus cattle     

José Antonio Torres-Vázquez  Naomi Duijvesteijn  Julius H. J. van der Werf  Samuel A. Clark 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(3):281-291

The objectives of this study were to compare different models for analysing body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) data collected during a 70-day feedlot test period and to explore whether genetic parameters change over time to evaluate the implications of selection response. (Co)variance components were estimated using repeatability and random regression models in 2,071 Angus steers. Models included fixed effects of contemporary group, defined as herd–year–observation_date–age, with additive genetic and permanent environmental components as random effects. Models were assessed based on the log likelihood, Akaike's information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion. For both traits, random regression models (RRMs) presented a better fit, indicating that genetic parameters change over the test period. Using a two-trait RRM, the heritability from day 1 up to day 70 for BW increased from 0.40 to 0.50, while for ADFI, it decreased from 0.44 to 0.33. The genetic correlation increased from 0.53 at day 1 up to 0.79 at day 70. Selection based on an index assuming no change in genetic parameters would yield a 2.78%–3.13% lower selection response compared to an index using parameters estimated with RRMs and assuming these genetic parameters are correct. Results imply that it may be beneficial to implement RRMs to account for the change of parameters across the feedlot period in feed efficiency traits.  相似文献   

Histologic margins and the residual tumour classification scheme: Is it time to use a validated scheme in human oncology to standardise margin assessment in veterinary oncology?     

Julius M. Liptak 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(1):25-35

There is no consensus on the definition of a complete histologic excision in veterinary oncology; many definitions have been used in various studies, but these have been arbitrarily selected with no apparent justification. The residual tumour classification scheme, where a complete histologic excision is defined as a histologic tumour‐free margin >0 mm, has been used for >40 years in human oncology by all of the major clinical staging organizations and is considered highly prognostic for the vast majority of malignant tumours in people. Because of the widespread use of the residual tumour classification scheme both clinically and in research studies, this standardized approach permits better communication between clinicians, an evidence‐based decision‐making process for adjuvant treatment options following surgical resection, minimizes exposing patients to unnecessary adjuvant treatments and a better ability to compare local tumour control for specific tumours between different studies. The adoption of the residual tumour classification scheme in veterinary oncology would likely achieve similar outcomes and minimize the prevalent confusion within the veterinary community, amongst both general practitioners and specialists, regarding the definition of what constitutes a complete histologic excision.  相似文献   

Feeding potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peels ensiled with Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium assessed with West African dwarf goats     

Bamidele Omonuwa Oduguwa  Adebayo Olusoji Oni  Oluwasanmi Moses Arigbede  Julius Olukunle Adesunbola  Karl Heinz Sudekum 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1363-1368

Cassava peels (CaPe) were ensiled in mixtures with Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, and the utilization of the mixed silages by West African dwarf (WAD) goats was assessed. Five silages were composed, comprising of 100 % ensiled CaPe (control), CaPe?+?G. sepium 2:1 (w/w; 2CGS), CaPe?+?G. sepium 1:1 (w/w; CGS), CaPe?+?L. leucocephala 2:1 (w/w; 2CLL) and CaPe?+?L. leucocephala 1:1 (w/w; CLL). All diets were supplemented with molasses (40 g/kg) before ensiling which lasted 3 months. Fifteen WAD goats (8.01?±?0.12 kg body weight) were fed one of the experimental diets (50 g/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. The control had the lowest hydrocyanic acid content (0.05 mg/kg DM), while others ranged from 6.2 to 81.3 mg/kg. Condensed tannin concentration ranged from 1.7 to 8.4 mg/kg DM, while mimosine levels were 11.6 and 12.4 mg/kg DM in 2CLL and CLL, respectively. After fermentation, all silages showed low pH (<4.5) and were different (P?<?0.05) in the lactic, acetic and butyric acid concentrations. Ratio of foliage supplementation influenced DM intake (P?<?0.05). Daily weight gains ranged from 17 (CLL) to 24 g/day in control. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients and fibre fractions differed (P?<?0.05) among diets. The values for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were also different (P?<?0.05) across the dietary treatments. Ensiling CaPe with foliages of G. sepium and L. leucocephala can be recommended for feeding WAD goats especially during the dry spells when there is little or no available forage for the animals.  相似文献   

Prevalence and spectrum of Johne’s disease lesions in cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda     

Julius Boniface Okuni  Manfred Reinacher  Panayiotis Loukopoulos  Lonzy Ojok 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1197-1202

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Johne’s disease (JD) lesions in Ugandan cattle slaughtered at two of the main abattoirs in Kampala. Ileocaecal junction and the associated lymph nodes of 1,022 cattle were examined for gross and microscopic lesions, followed by Ziehl Neelsen staining of the tissues bearing lesions. Confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was done in some of the tissues using culture and IS900 PCR. The lesions were then described, characterised and tabulated. Characteristic Johne’s disease granulomas were found in 4.7% of the samples examined, derived from Zebu, Ankole longhorn, Friesian breeds of cattle and their crosses. Lesions were found both in the lymph nodes and ileocaecal junction mucosa. The lesions tended to be more severe in the lymph node than in the mucosa. There were also some unique and atypical lesions found in association with Johne’s disease granulomas. The diagnostic values of various gross lesions and criteria of lesion classifications and diagnosis are revisited and discussed based on the findings of this study. The prevalence of Johne’s disease lesions among slaughtered cattle in Kampala’s two abattoirs indicates that the disease is well established in the cattle population in the country. The diverse manifestations in lesions of JD need to be considered when making histological diagnosis in tissues where the disease is suspected.  相似文献   

Outcomes and prognostic variables associated with central division hepatic lobectomies: 61 dogs     

Daniel S. Linden  Julius M. Liptak  Arathi Vinayak  Kelsey Cappelle  Christopher Hoffman  Shirley Fan  Whitney Smiley  Brad M. Matz 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(3):309-314

  相似文献   

Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tomas Holmern  Julius Nyahongo  Eivin Røskaft 《Biological conservation》2007,135(4):518-526

Human-carnivore conflict is a serious management issue often causing opposition towards conservation efforts. In a survey of 481 households in seven different villages outside the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, 67.4% of respondents owned livestock and 27.4% of all the households surveyed reported losses of a total of 4.5% of their livestock to wild predators over 12 months. This loss equated to an average annual financial loss of 19.2% (US $26.8) of their cash income. Livestock depredation was reported to be caused most often by spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) (97.7%), leopard (Panthera pardus) (1.6%), baboon (Papio cynocephalus) (0.4%), lion (Panthera leo) (0.1%) and lastly black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) (0.1%). Total reported losses during 2003 amounted to US $12,846 of which spotted hyena kills were reported to account for 98.2%. The mean annual livestock loss per household (of those that reported loss) was 5.3 head of stock, which represents more than two-thirds of the local average annual cash income. Depredation by large felids occurred only in a narrow zone along the protected area (<3 km), whereas spotted hyenas killed livestock even in households located far away (>30 km). Tolerance of livestock depredation among the respondents was low. Logistic regression models indicated that education improved tolerance, while for livestock owners higher depredation rates was linked to approval of lethal retaliation and effective protection measures was associated with a reduced desire of retaliation. We recommend that further research should identify the precise causes of livestock loss and which protection measures that can reduce depredation.  相似文献   

Bilateral 'gut-tie' in a recently castrated steer          下载免费PDF全文

Lores M  Haruna JA  Ortenburger A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(2):155-157

Small intestinal obstruction caused by 2 fibrous bands was found in a steer. Distended small intestine was palpable per rectum. Each band was located bilaterally between the caudal abdominal wall and the pelvic inlet. The compromised portion of intestine was considered nonviable and the animal was euthanized.  相似文献   

Immunity of rodents to malaria     

Julius P. Kreier 《Veterinary parasitology》1976,2(1):121-142

This study reviews recent work in our laboratory on the immune response of rats to Plasmodium berghei infection. It gives special emphasis to our studies on the mechanisms for implementation of the immune response by humoral antibody and phagocytes and to our studies of the changes in the cellular systems upon which the development of the immune response depends.  相似文献   

Influence of oil droplet size on the toxicity of bifenthrin on cotton to tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens)     

Alvin R. Womac  Joseph E. Mulrooney  William P. Scott  Julius R. Williford 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):77-83

Sprays of bifenthrin and paraffinic oil mixtures were applied to cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to investigate droplet size effects on the mortality of Heliothis virescens (F.). An air-assisted nozzle applied mixtures at 9.4 litre ha ?1 spray rate with volume median diameters (VMD) of 96 and 337 μm, as verified with a Malvern laser diffraction analyzer. An hour after spraying, susceptible 3rd-instars walked for 2-min through wet droplets of spray mixtures applied at bifenthrin rates of 22, 45, 67, 90. and 112 g a.i. ha ?1. Mortality was assessed at 21, 26, 45, 50, 74, and 117h after exposure. Final mean mortality was affected (P =0.01) by bifenthrin rate and droplet size. Bifenthrin applied in 337 μm VMD droplets caused 75.8% mortality, whereas 96-μm VMD droplets resulted in a mortality of 67.9%. Also, the 337 μm VMD droplets killed larvae in 13% less time than the 96μm VMD droplets, based on analysis (P =0.01) using the mean elapsed time till death as the dependent factor.  相似文献   

Bottom shrimp trawling impacts on species distribution and fishery dynamics; Ungwana Bay fishery Kenya before and after the 2006 trawl ban     

Cosmas Munga  Stephen Ndegwa  Bernerd Fulanda  Julius Manyala  Edward Kimani  Jun Ohtomi  Ann Vanreusel 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(2):209-219

The Malindi–Ungwana Bay fishery Kenya is one of the most important marine fisheries of the Western Indian Ocean. There are two fishing grounds: Formosa and Malindi, with a designated 5-nM no-trawl zone offshore. However, the fishery was faced with numerous resource use conflicts and a decline in catches, culminating in a trawl ban in 2006. This study analyses catches and fishery dynamics before and after the 2006 trawl ban. Results show that artisanal landings declined before the ban, but rapidly recovered within 2 years after the ban was imposed. However, shrimp landings in the artisanal fishery remain low. Commercial shrimp landings gradually declined before the ban: ~550 t in 2001 to 250 t in 2006, and the shrimp: fish bycatch ratio was 1:1.5 compared to early reports of 1:7 in 1999. SIMPER analyses shows that 6 and 16 families (groups) accounted for 91.0 and 90.2% of the similarity in catch within the Formosa and Malindi fishing grounds, respectively. Formosa was important for Claridae, Cichlidae and Protopteridae, while Malindi recorded Carangidae, Siganidae, Carcharhinidae and Lethrinidae as the main families. Future studies should therefore embark on analyses of the factors driving the spatio-temporal distributions of the species and assess the impacts of bottom trawling on fishery dynamics before the trawl ban can be lifted.  相似文献