种猪自动精细饲喂系统设计与试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱军  麻硕士  慕厚春  毕玉革  陈小江 《农业机械学报》2010,41(12):174-177

设计了可用于种猪自动供料的精细饲喂系统。系统主要由可编程控制器、步进电动机及驱动器、卸料器组成,软件应用程序由组态王开发完成,主要由精细饲喂主界面和料量添加界面组成。系统运行结果表明,该系统运行稳定可靠,实现了自动精确的投放饲料,在一定的范围内投放饲料,其最大误差不超过±2%。  相似文献   

北方干寒地区日光温室CO2预测模型建立与冬季试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毕玉革  麻硕士  崔红梅  朱军 《农业机械学报》2010,41(12):183-189

根据质量平衡原理,构建了适用于北方干旱、寒冷地区典型日光温室CO2动态预测模型。模型定量描述了作物光合和呼吸作用、土壤呼吸作用、CO2施肥、自然通风及闭膜后的冷风渗透对室内空气中CO2的动态影响过程。利用内蒙古农牧业科技园区的日光温室对模型进行了冬季验证。结果表明,模型能较好地预测北方干旱、寒冷地区冬季晴天、多云天气的日光温室室内空气CO2浓度的动态变化过程,且预测值和实测值之间的相对误差小于10%。  相似文献   

Soil compaction and forest floor removal reduced microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a boreal aspen forest soil     

Xiao  Tan  Scott X. Chang  Richard Kabzems 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(3):471-479

Soil enzymes are linked to microbial functions and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems and are considered sensitive to soil disturbances. We investigated the effects of severe soil compaction and whole-tree harvesting plus forest floor removal (referred to as FFR below, compared with stem-only harvesting) on available N, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), and microbial biomass P (MBP), and dehydrogenase, protease, and phosphatase activities in the forest floor and 0–10 cm mineral soil in a boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest soil near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada. In the forest floor, no soil compaction effects were observed for any of the soil microbial or enzyme activity parameters measured. In the mineral soil, compaction reduced available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase by 53, 47, and 48%, respectively, when forest floor was intact, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 28 and 27%, respectively, regardless of FFR. Forest floor removal reduced available P, MBC, MBN, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 38, 46, 49, 25, and 45%, respectively, regardless of soil compaction, and available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase activity by 52, 50, and 39%, respectively, in the noncompacted soil. Neither soil compaction nor FFR affected dehydrogenase activities. Reductions in microbial biomass and protease and phosphatase activities after compaction and FFR likely led to the reduced N and P availabilities in the soil. Our results indicate that microbial biomass and enzyme activities were sensitive to soil compaction and FFR and that such disturbances had negative consequences for forest soil N and P cycling and fertility.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of a collection of chayote, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sechium edule</Emphasis> (Jacq.) Swartz,in Costa Rica by using isozyme markers     

Ana Abdelnour  Oscar J. Rocha 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):163-170

We established protocols for the analysis of genetic diversity in chayote (Sechium edule) by using isozyme markers, thereby determining the level of genetic diversity present in 42 accessions of chayote from Costa Rica. We obtained clear and reproducible zymograms for eight enzyme staining systems: PGM, 6-PGD, PGI, IDH, MDH, SOD, SKD, and EST, and were able to score 14 putative loci. Eight of the 14 loci examined were polymorphic. We found 35 distinct multilocus genotypes among these accessions. Five of these multilocus genotypes were homozygous for all loci. In addition, our data also revealed that most of the multilocus genotypes (24) were heterozygous for only one of the eight loci, and the rest were heterozygous for two or three loci (9 and 4 accessions, respectively). Seven multilocus genotypes were found in two different accessions. Dice similarity coefficient was used to study the relationship between accessions. This analysis, based on the presence and absence of alleles, revealed that accessions collected in the same location seldom shared the same multilocus genotype. The value of isozyme polymorphisms as tools to continue studies on the characterization of chayote is discussed.  相似文献   

外源铅在土壤中的形态、分布及其对土壤养分的影响     

朱江周俊  费群燕兰京 马荣艳 《土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报》2008,22(1):74-77,82

通过对加入外源铅的砂姜黑土、黄褐土、红壤进行培养处理,测定土壤中各形态铅及水溶态NH^＋,K^＋和速效态磷的含量,研究外源铅在各类土壤中的形态分布特点及对土壤养分的影响。结果表明：交换态和残渣态的铅为红壤〉黄褐土〉砂姜黑土,碳酸盐态铅为砂姜黑土〉黄褐土〉红壤,铁锰氧化态铅为红壤〉砂姜黑土〉黄褐土,有机结合态铅为黄褐土〉砂姜黑土〉红壤;交换态和残渣态所占比例随着外源铅的浓度增大而提高,有机结合态的比例随着外源铅浓度增大降低,碳酸盐结合态铅在砂姜黑土、铁锰氧化态铅在红壤上则呈现外源铅小于500mg／kg时比例增高,大于500mg／kg时比例开始下降的状况;加入外源铅的土壤中,水溶态的NH4^＋和K^＋的浓度增大,使其流失的风险性增加;水溶态磷和铅离子生成难溶性磷酸铅盐被固结,使速效磷的浓度减少,降低了水溶性磷肥的功效。  相似文献   

基于Web的蔬菜农药残留检测网络监控系统构建   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

董玉德  于洽  金国良  赵锡澄  徐蓓蓓  詹军 《农业工程学报》2008,24(5):178-180

为保证蔬菜质量安全和消费者健康,该文提出利用NET技术平台和SQL技术开发成功基于Web的蔬菜农残检测网络监控系统,利用数据库管理系统,通过数据统计和Web报表实现信息的采集和整理;该文给出了系统的结构设计方案、采用的关键技术和主要功能实现方法.该系统在江苏江阴地区实际测试效果良好,可应用于农产品品质检测和安全管理.  相似文献   

时间序列分析在土壤墒情预测中的应用研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张和喜  YANG Jing  方小宇  FANG Jun  冯诚 《水土保持研究》2008,15(4)

土壤水分的动态模拟是土壤墒情监测及预报的重要内容,采用时间序列的线形模型进行土壤水分时间序列的拟合与趋势预测.在建立模型后,用实测数据与模型的预测数据相比较说明时间序列线形模型能较好地拟合与预测土壤墒情的变化趋势,可为干旱研究及其治理提供依据.  相似文献   

中慢生型天山根瘤菌胞外多糖相关基因exo5及其在根毛吸附和生物膜形成中作用的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周晶  王鹏  钟增涛  朱军 《土壤》2008,40(3)

用质粒pKGL 3上的转座子随机插入失活的方法得到两个中慢生型天山根瘤菌胞外多糖缺失菌株,并通过随机引物PCR的方法确定了转座子插入的基因位点,该基因与豌豆根瘤菌的UDP-葡萄糖脱氢酶基因有高度的同源性.根毛吸附实验发现该基因缺失,导致胞外多糖缺失突变菌株在其宿主植物甘草上的根毛吸附量大大降低,同时生物膜的形成实验发现中慢生型天山根瘤菌的exo5-菌株不能像野生型菌株一样形成丰富的生物膜,也从侧面证明了根毛吸附实验的结果,初步推测胞外多糖可能通过影响中慢生型天山根瘤菌的根毛吸附过程来影响其与豆科植物的共生固氮.  相似文献   

Physio-biochemical and molecular response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with different allelopathic potentials to potassium deficiency     

WANG Hai-Bin  CAI Zhi-Xiang  QIU Long  LIN Wen-Xiong  HE Hai-Bin  WANG Hai-Bin  ZENG Cong-Ming  CAI Zhi-Xiang  XIONG Jun  QIU Long  FANG Chang-Xun  LIN Wen-Xiong 《中国生态农业学报》2008,16(4)

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Influence of non-cellulose structural carbohydrate composition on plant material decomposition in soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sophie Gunnarsson  Håkan Marstorp  A Sigrun Dahlin  Ernst Witter 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,45(1):27-36

The C mineralisation pattern during the early stage of decomposition of plant materials is largely determined by their content of different carbohydrates. This study investigated whether detailed plant analysis could provide a better prediction of C mineralisation during decomposition than proximate analysis [neutral detergent solution (NDF)/acid detergent solution (ADF)]. The detailed analysis included sugars, fructans, starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin and organic N. To determine whether differences in decomposition rate were related to differences in hemicellulose composition, the analysis particularly emphasised the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in hemicelluloses. Carbon dioxide evolution was monitored hourly in soil amended with ten different plant materials. Principal component and regression analysis showed that C mineralisation during day 1 was closely related to free sugars, fructans and soluble organic N components (R ² = 0.83). The sum of non-cellulose structural carbohydrates (intermediate NDF/ADF fraction) was not related to C mineralisation between days 1 and 9. In contrast, a model including starch and protein in addition to the non-cellulose structural carbohydrates, with the hemicelluloses replaced by arabinose and xylose, showed a strong relationship with evolved CO₂ (R ² = 0.87). Carbon mineralisation between days 9 and 34 was better explained by xylan, cellulose and lignin (R ² = 0.72) than by lignocellulose in the ADF fraction. Our results indicated that proximate analyses were not sufficient to explain differences in decomposition. To predict C mineralisation from the range of plant materials studied, we propose a minimum set of analyses comprising total N, free sugars, starch, arabinose, xylan, cellulose and lignin.  相似文献