Preslaughter diet management in sheep and goats: effects on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcass     

Govind Kannan  Venkat R Gutta  Jung Hoon Lee  Brou Kouakou  Will R Getz  George W McCommon 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):42

Sixteen crossbred buck goats (Kiko x Spanish; BW = 32.8 kg) and wether sheep (Dorset x Suffolk; BW = 39.9 kg) were used to determine the effect of preslaughter diet and feed deprivation time (FDT) on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcasses. Experimental animals were fed either a concentrate (CD) or a hay diet (HD) for 4 d and then deprived of feed for either 12-h or 24-h before slaughter. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol and blood metabolite analyses. Longisimus muscle (LM) pH was measured. Skin and carcass swabs were obtained to assess microbial loads. Plasma creatine kinase activity (863.9 and 571.7 ± 95.21 IU) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (1,056.1 and 589.8 ± 105.01 mEq/L) were different (P < 0.05) between sheep and goats. Species and diet treatments had significant effects on the ultimate pH of LM. Pre-holding total coliform (TCC) and aerobic plate counts (APC) of skin were significantly different between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) TCC (2.1 vs. 3.0 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) and APC (8.2 vs. 8.5 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) counts in the skin compared to sheep. Preslaughter skin E. coli counts and TCC were different (P < 0.05) between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) counts of E. coli (2.2 vs. 2.9 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) and TCC (2.3 vs. 3.0 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) in the skin compared with those in sheep. Diet, species, and FDT had no effect (P > 0.05) on E. coli and TCC in carcass swab samples. The APC of carcass swab samples were only affected (P < 0.05) by the FDT. The results indicated that preslaughter dietary management had no significant changes on hormone and blood metabolite concentrations and sheep might be more prone for fecal contamination than goats in the holding pens at abattoir.  相似文献   

Pollen–pistil interaction in the inter-specific crosses of Sesamum sp     

S. Ganesh Ram  K. Sundaravelpandian  M. Kumar  K. K. Vinod  J. R. Kannan Bapu  T. S. Raveendran 《Euphytica》2006,152(3):379-385

The wild species of Sesamum have long been recognized as an important source of many valuable pest and disease resistance genes and other novel traits such as male sterility and plant type for the cultivated taxon. Utilization of these species in crop improvement is marginal because of their inherent low crossability with the cultigen. An understanding of the biological nature of incompatibility systems that impede hybridization offers tools for successful introgressions into cultivated sesame. The objective of this investigation was to observe pollen germination and pollen tube growth in cross pollinated S. indicum pistils as an indicator of pre-zygotic barriers operating in wide crosses involving S. indicum. Three wild species: S. alatum, S. radiatum and S. laciniatum were used as pollen donors in hybridization with S. indicum. In the cross S. indicum × S. alatum 85.23% of pollen grains germinated and pollen tubes reached ovaries within 8 h after pollination. In other two crosses, S. indicum × S. laciniatum and S. indicum × S. radiatum the level of incompatibility was high as evidenced by a reduced pollen germination and slow rate of pollen tube growth. Measures to circumvent incompatibility in these crosses to produce interspecific hybrids are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of Bacillus subtilis metabolites on larval Aedes aegypti L     

Kannan Revathi  Rajamanickam Chandrasekaran  Annamalai Thanigaivel  Suyambulingam Arunachalam KirubakaranSubbiah Sathish-Narayanan  Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

The culture supernatant of a strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil samples killed larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The metabolites produced by B. subtilis were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mortality rate was dose-dependent for all larval instars of A. aegypti. Log probit analysis (95% confidence level) revealed an LC₅₀ of 1.73 and an LC₉₀ 3.71 μg/ml. Molecular weights/masses of B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using SDS–PAGE analysis. B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using HPLC analysis. We demonstrate that secondary metabolites from B. subtilis have larvicidal activity against A. aegypti and may be suitable for the control of this and other mosquito vectors of human disease. The larvae to the metabolites, significant reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterse, α-carboxylesterase, and acid phosphatases were recorded.  相似文献   

Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Van Sickle MD  Duncan M  Kingsley PJ  Mouihate A  Urbani P  Mackie K  Stella N  Makriyannis A  Piomelli D  Davison JS  Marnett LJ  Di Marzo V  Pittman QJ  Patel KD  Sharkey KA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):329-332

The presence and function of CB2 receptors in central nervous system (CNS) neurons are controversial. We report the expression of CB2 receptor messenger RNA and protein localization on brainstem neurons. These functional CB2 receptors in the brainstem were activated by a CB2 receptor agonist, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and by elevated endogenous levels of endocannabinoids, which also act at CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors represent an alternative site of action of endocannabinoids that opens the possibility of nonpsychotropic therapeutic interventions using enhanced endocannabinoid levels in localized brain areas.  相似文献   

新城疫的诊断、控制和预防   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Kannan Ganapathy 《中国家禽》2009,31(11)

新城疫于1926年首先发现于印度尼西亚的爪哇和英国的新城,由Doyle分离到病毒并将之命名为新城疫.目前,世界上很多国家都有新城疫的发生,给养禽业造成了严重危害.  相似文献   

Influences of dietary regimens on microbial content in gastrointestinal tracts of meat goats     

J.H. Lee  B. Kouakou  G. Kannan 《Livestock Science》2009,125(2-3):249-253

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary treatments on microbial loads and pH of gastrointestinal tract contents in meat goats, as well as the concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the rumen. Crossbred (Boer x Spanish) goats (n = 36; BW = 17.7 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three experimental diets (n = 12/diet or 3 pens/treatment) for 90 days:alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay alone (AH-diet); 18% CP concentrate alone (C-diet); or, a combined diet (AHC-diet), consisting of the AH-diet for the first 45 days, followed by 45 days of the C-diet. After evisceration, pH values of rumen liquor and colon digesta were immediately measured from each animal, as well as aseptically collected rumen liquor and rectal samples to determine the microbial loads. Collected rumen liquor was also prepared for volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents. Feeding meat goats with alfalfa hay alone had higher (P < 0.05) rumen (7.17) and colon (7.10) pH compared with those fed either the concentrate alone or combined-diet. Although the acetate content was high in the AH-fed group (66.3 mM) compared to the AHC-diet group (34.6 mM), no significant differences were found in the total VFA contents in rumen liquor among the goats fed three different dietary regimens. Total plate counts were not significantly different among goats fed the experimental diets in the rumen or rectal samples. Escherichia coli counts in the rectal samples were lower (P < 0.05) in the AH-diet group (6.43 log₁₀ CFU/g) compared with the C-diet (8.21 log₁₀ CFU/g) or AHC-diet (8.40 log₁₀ CFU/g) groups. However, no significant differences were found in the E. coli counts of rumen samples from goats fed the experimental diets. The mean (± SEM) rumen E. coli counts were 1.38, 1.65, and 2.51 ± 0.560 log₁₀ CFU/g in the AH-, C-, and AHC-diet groups, respectively. The results indicate that feeding hay alone may decrease the fecal shedding of E. coli in meat goats with increasing the rumen and colon pH.  相似文献