Formation of humus profile in upland soils     

Jiro Kosaka  Chikabumi Honda  Akira Izeki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):24-29s

It has generally been accepted that humus and its C/N ratio decrease with the depth of soil profile.  相似文献   

Factors affecting aluminum tolerance of cells in carrot (Daucus carota L.) suspension cells     

Munechika Honda  Hiroyuki Koyama  Tetsuo Hara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):401-406

Aluminum toxicity and related nutrient deficiencies, such as phosphorus deficiency, are considered to be major environmental constraints on food production world wide (Foy 1983). Toxic effects of Al in cells are characterized by the inhibition of cell division (Morimura et al. 1978) and nuclear activity (Matsumoto et al. 1977). Therefore, a plant cell culture system could be used as a model system for the physiological study of aluminum toxicity in higher plants. For such a study, it is important to initially define the factors affecting cell responses to aluminum toxicity.  相似文献   

Saponin polymorphism in the Korean wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.)     

K. Panneerselvam  Chigen Tsukamoto  Nozomi Honda  Akio Kikuchi  Jeong‐Dong Lee  Seung‐Hwan Yang  Gyuhwa Chung 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):121-126

Seed saponin composition of 3025 wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) accessions collected from nine regions of Korea was analysed by thin‐layer chromatography to determine its polymorphic variation and geographical distribution and find mutants in saponin components. The saponin composition of seed hypocotyls was primarily divided into seven phenotypes, designated as Aa, Ab, AaBc, AbBc, Aa+α, AaBc+α and AbBc+α. The predominant phenotypes were AaBc (55%), Aa (33%), AaBc+α (7.5%) and Aa+α (3.3%). The frequencies of Ab, AbBc and AbBc+α were very low (0.3‐0.5%). Codominant alleles Sg‐1^a and Sg‐1^b and dominant allele Sg‐4 occupied 98.6, 1.1 and 63.3%, respectively. Alleles Sg‐3 and Sg‐5 were found to be dominant in all the analysed accessions except the mutants. Three accessions were discovered as mutants via LC‐PDA/MS/MS. The accession CWS0115 did not produce saponin Aa and Ax, CWS2133 did not produce saponin Aa and Ab and CWS5095 did not produce any group A saponins. These newly determined mutants might be utilized in producing a new soybean variety with good taste as well as in biosynthetic studies.  相似文献   

Immunologic Profiles of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Perinatal Mares and Neonatal Foals (Heavy Draft Horse)     

Takahiro AokiHayato Honda  Mitsuo Ishii 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The purpose of this study was to examine sequential changes in the immunologic parameters of perinatal mares and neonatal foals of the heavy draft horse. Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy pregnant mares and their newborn foals every week from 1 month before the expected foaling date, and 1 hour, 1 day (24-48 hours), and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after foaling. Peripheral blood samples were used to examine total leukocyte counts (n = 20), differential leukocyte counts (n = 20), lymphocyte subpopulations (n = 13), lymphocyte responses to mitogens (n = 10), neutrophil phagocytic function (n = 12), and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations (n = 10). In perinatal mares, remarkable changes observed included increased neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, decreased CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and decreased lymphocyte responses to mitogens at delivery. These changes were speculated to be the result of physical stress associated with delivery. In neonatal foals, increase in the phagocytic function of neutrophils, and increase in serum IgG concentration after suckling colostrum and increase of lymphocytes accompanied by physiologic growth were observed. Compared to dams, foals showed lower phagocytic function of neutrophils before suckling and fewer lymphocytes and lower lymphocyte responses to mitogens within 1 day after birth. This study revealed immunologic dynamics in perinatal mares and neonatal foals. Immunologic functions are suppressed in foaling mares and are immature in neonatal foals, especially before colostral intake. We expect these data will be useful for further studies in the field of clinical immunology, and preventive medicine.  相似文献   

Varietal differences in the chlorogenic acid,anthocyanin, soluble sugar,organic acid,and amino acid concentrations of eggplant fruit     

T. Mori  T. Umeda  T. Honda  K. Zushi  T. Wajima  N. Matsuzoe 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):657-663

Summary

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important crop in Japan, with a long history of cultivation. Although many eggplant cultivars and lines have been developed, their nutrient concentrations, including phenolic compounds, have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we investigated varietal differences in the concentrations of taste (e.g., soluble sugars, organic acids, and amino acids) and functional (e.g., chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, and amino acids) compounds in eggplant fruit using 34 cultivars and lines with diverse growth habits, fruit shapes, sizes, and colours. The concentrations of taste and functional compounds differed among cultivars and lines. Variations in chlorogenic acid [0.1 – 2.5 mg g^–1 fresh weight (FW)] and anthocyanin (0.0 – 0.4 A₅₃₂ units g^–1 FW) concentrations were greater than those of soluble sugars (e.g., sucrose, 0.5 – 1.7 mg g^–1 FW; glucose, 7.6 – 13.7 mg g^–1 FW; fructose, 6.2 – 15.0 mg g^–1 FW) and organic acids (e.g., citric acid, 0.07 – 0.21 mg g^–1 FW; malic acid, 0.9 – 1.9 mg g^–1 FW). We also found that the coefficient of variation in amino acid concentrations varied with amino acid. Glutamine (27.4 – 135.8 mg 100 g^–1 FW) and arginine (4.5 – 23.1 mg 100 g^–1 FW) had the largest variation between varieties. These results indicate the importance of cultivar selection to optimise the concentrations of ingredients and will contribute to improvements in the functionality of eggplant through breeding.  相似文献   

Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: neonicotinoid binding site specificity is usually but not always conserved with varied substituents and species     

Honda H  Tomizawa M  Casida JE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3365-3371

The diversity of neonicotinoid insecticides acting as insect nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) agonists is illustrated by imidacloprid (IMI) with chloropyridinylmethyl (CPM) and N-nitroimine substituents, dinotefuran (DIN) with tetrahydrofurylmethyl (TFM) and N-nitroimine moieties, and acetamiprid (ACE) with CPM and N-cyanoimine groups. These three neonicotinoids are used here as radioligands to test the hypothesis that they all bind to the same site in the same way in both fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and a leafhopper pest (Homalodisca coagulata): that is, neonicotinoid binding site specificity is conserved in the insect nAChRs. Multiple approaches show that [3H]IMI and [3H]ACE interact with an identical site in both species. However, although [3H]DIN binds with high affinity in both insects, its pharmacological profile in Homalodisca is surprisingly unique, with high sensitivity to some TFM-containing compounds and ACh. The TFM moiety of DIN may bind in a different orientation compared to the CPM group of IMI and ACE.  相似文献   

Development of a stable SCAR marker for rapid identification of Ganoderma lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar using DNA pooling method and inter-simple sequence repeat markers     

Wen-zheng CHAO  Chuan-hong TANG  Jing-song ZHANG  Ling YU  Honda Yoichi 《农业科学学报》2018,17(1):130-138

The cultivar Ganoderma lucidum Hunong 5 was obtained using cross-breeding. Hunong 5 has high commercial value due to its high polysaccharide and triterpene content. This is the first report of using a DNA pooling method to develop a stable sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for rapid identification of the G. lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar. The SCAR marker was developed by first generating and sequencing a distinctive inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fragment (882 bp) from G. lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar. A stable SCAR primer pair GLH5F/GLH5R were obtained to identify the cultivar and the SCAR marker is a DNA fragment of 773 bp.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Keiichi Inoue  Noriaki Shoji  Takeshi Honda  Kenji Oyama 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):11-18

Genetic parameters were estimated to investigate the relationships between meat quality traits and fatty acid composition from 11 855 Japanese Black cattle. The meat quality traits included beef marbling score (BMS), beef color score, firmness of beef (FIR), texture of beef (TEX) and beef fat color score (BFS). The data on fatty acid composition included oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents, the ratio of MUFA to saturated fatty acids (MUS) and the ratio of elongation. The heritability estimates for meat quality traits ranged from moderate (0.30) to high (0.72). The strong genetic correlations between them were useful for simultaneous genetic improvement. In addition, high heritability estimates of fatty acid composition, ranging from 0.60 to 0.63, indicated that they could also be improved genetically. The genetic correlations of fatty acid composition with BMS, FIR and TEX were weak and negative. In contrast, positive and stronger genetic correlations were found between BFS and fatty acid composition, in particular, related to the level of unsaturation (0.77 and 0.79 for MUFA and MUS, respectively). This implies that improving the level of unsaturation makes fat darker (more yellow) and thus requires balancing with BFS.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary heme iron and exercise training on abdominal fat accumulation and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet‐fed mice          下载免费PDF全文

Masanori Katsumura  Shoko Takagi  Hana Oya  Shohei Tamura  Takaoki Saneyasu  Kazuhisa Honda  Hiroshi Kamisoyama 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1100-1106

Animal by‐products can be recycled and used as sources of essential nutrients. Water‐soluble heme iron (WSHI), a functional food additive for supplementing iron, is produced by processing animal blood. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of 3% WSHI and exercise training for 4 weeks on the accumulation of abdominal fat and lipid metabolism in mice fed high‐fat diet. Exercise‐trained mice had significantly less perirenal adipose tissue, whereas WSHI‐fed mice tended to have less epididymal adipose tissue. In addition, total weight of abdominal adipose tissues was significantly decreased in the Exercise + WSHI group. Dietary WSHI significantly increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of lipoprotein lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase. WSHI‐fed mice also tended to show increased mRNA levels of adipose triglyceride lipase in their epididymal adipose tissue. Dietary WSHI also significantly decreased the mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation‐related enzymes in the liver, but did not influence levels in the Gastrocnemius muscle. Exercise training did not influence the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism‐related enzymes in the epididymal adipose tissue, liver or the Gastrocnemius muscle. These findings suggest that the accumulation of abdominal fat can be efficiently decreased by the combination of dietary WSHI and exercise training in mice fed high‐fat diet.  相似文献   

Feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy for online multiple trait assessment of sawn lumber     

Takaaki Fujimoto  Yohei Kurata  Kazushige Matsumoto  Satoru Tsuchikawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):452-459

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was applied to estimate multiple traits of sawn lumber. The effects of the lumber conveying speed (LCS) and measurement resolution of spectra (MRS) on the calibrations were examined. NIR spectra ranging from 1300 to 2300 nm were acquired at LCSs of 10, 20, and 30 m/min and at MRSs of 2, 4, and 16 nm. Prediction models of bending strength (F _b), modulus of elasticity in bending tests (E _b), dynamic modulus of elasticity (E _fr), and wood density (DEN) were developed using partial least-squares (PLS) analysis. LCS and MRS did not significantly influence the calibration performance for any wood property. The regression coefficients also showed no clear differences for any of the conditions. This indicates that the important explanatory variables included in the models are not greatly influenced by these measurement conditions. PLS2 analysis results, when presented graphically, allowed easy interpretation of the relationships between wood mechanical properties and chemical components, e.g., bending strength and stiffness were mainly related to polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose. NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for online grading of sawn lumber, despite the harsh measurement conditions.  相似文献