红星苹果花柱S-核酸酶的分离与纯化     

李天忠  加藤直幹  奥野智旦 《农业生物技术学报》2005,13(5):568-571

采用多种蛋白分离纯化技术，结合生物鉴定方法，成功地从红星苹果（Malus domestica Borkh．）花柱中纯化出了一类与自交不亲和性识别反应相关的花柱蛋白。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和等电聚焦电泳分析，确定该蛋白分子量为26和28kD，等电点为10．2和10．4，为碱性蛋白；核糖核酸酶活性染色和N-末端序列分析结果显示具有核酸酶活性，且与其它蔷薇科植物花柱S-核酸酶N-末端氨基酸序列同源性较高。  相似文献   

Analysis of Potassium Uptake by Rice Roots Treated with Aluminum Using a Positron Emitting Nuclide, ³⁸K     

Keitaro Tanoi  Junko Hojo  Kazutoshi Suzuki  Yoshitake Hayashi  Hiroki Nishiyama  Tomoko M. Nakanishi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):715-717

We investigate the effect of Al on K⁺ uptake by rice roots. Potassium-38 (³⁸K), a positron emitting nuclide (the half-life: 7.61 min), was used to trace K⁺ behavior. When a rice root was treated with 10μM Al for 24 h, the uptake of ³⁸K in the root was increased in the range of 1 to 2 cm from the root tip compared with that of the control sample. Because the root continued to grow without showing any damage of plasma membrane during the Al treatment, it was suggested that the ³⁸K uptake was not occurred through diffusion into the cells. The uptake of ³⁸K in both treatments, with/without Al, was decreased by VO₄^3- (inhibitor of H⁺-ATPase on plasma membrane) and DNP (H⁺ ionophore) treatment, which suggested that the K⁺ uptake was performed through an active transport, such as H⁺:K⁺ transport or H⁺ gradient promoted by an Al treatment.  相似文献   

Intraspecific differentiation and geographical distribution of Wx alleles for low amylose content in endosperm of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.     

Hiroki Nakayama  Muhammad Afzal  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》1998,102(3):289-293

To clarify the genetic mechanism which controls the variation in amylose content among nonwaxy landraces of foxtail millet, the inheritance of different starch types in endosperm was examined by I₂-KI staining. The level of starch granule bound protein in foxtail millet endosperm was also analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The segregation for starch types in F₂ and F₃ seeds determined by I₂-KI staining showed that there are three different alleles at the waxy (wx) locus. A major protein bound to starch granules was detected in nonwaxy endosperm but it was absent in most of the waxy endosperm, suggesting that the protein is the Wx gene product which is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm. The level of Wx protein proportionally corresponded to the amylose content among nonwaxy landraces. This implies that two different Wx alleles regulate quantitative levels of Wx protein. Landraces with the allele for low amylose content are from Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetic studies of speciation in cultivated rice. 5. Inter- and intraspecific differentiation in the waxy gene expression of rice   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Yoshio Sano  Mitsuko Katsumata  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》1986,35(1):1-9

Summary To get an insight in the gene regulation at the waxy locus of rice, the Wx gene product (Wx protein) controlling the synthesis of amylose was examined by electrophoretic techniques. Among nonwaxy rice strains, two different alleles, Wx ^a and Wx ^b, were found at the waxy locus. Wx ^a drastically enhanced the quantitative level of Wx protein as well as the amylose content in endosperm starch as compared with Wx ^b. The alleles acted additively in triploid endosperms. This implies that regulatory elements responsible for the Wx gene expression are on the same chromosome. The distribution patterns of Wx ^a and Wx ^b in five species of Oryza revealed that the regulatory changes are closely related to racial differentiation within a common rice species (O. sativa), suggesting that Wx ^b might have been selected for through the difference in grain quality during domestication.  相似文献   

Detection of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance in durum wheat based on association analysis     

Nejla Turki  Tariq Shehzad  Moncef Harrabi  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Euphytica》2015,201(1):29-41

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Variation in flowering time in sorghum core collection and mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time by association analysis     

Yousra El Mannai  Tariq Shehzad  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(7):983-989

A wide range of variation in flowering time was observed within a diversity research set of 107 sorghum accessions ranging from 56 to 133 days. Accessions were classified into early medium and late flowering groups. 45 accessions were grown under three different environments of photoperiod (11, 12 and 15 h). Sorghum accessions gradually responded to the decreasing of day-length. The 12 h of photoperiod could be considered as a threshold above which day-length delays the flowering time in sorghum. Association analysis was performed to identify the QTLs controlling flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity using 107 accessions of sorghum grown under natural condition and 45 accessions grown under controlled conditions. Four QTLs controlling flowering time were detected under natural condition of day-length at threshold 2.5 using K model. A total of seven flowering time loci were detected under controlled conditions of day-length. One QTL controlling photoperiod sensitivity was detected on chromosome 1 and one QTL controlling photoperiod insensitivity was detected on chromosome 4.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Spontaneous Tumors in the Central Nervous System (CNS) of F344 and SD Rats     

Mariko Nagatani  Kayoko Kudo  Seiki Yamakawa  Toko Ohira  Yuko Yamaguchi  Shinichiro Ikezaki  Isamu Suzuki  Tsubasa Saito  Toru Hoshiya  Kazutoshi Tamura  Kazuyuki Uchida 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(3):263-273

In order to accurately assess the carcinogenicity of chemicals with regard to rare tumors such as rat CNS tumors, sufficient information about spontaneous tumors are very important. This paper presents the data on the type, incidence and detected age of CNS tumors in F344/DuCrlCrlj (a total of 1363 males and 1363 females) and Crl:CD(SD) rats (a total of 1650 males and 1705 females) collected from in-house background data-collection studies and control groups of carcinogenicity studies at our laboratory, together with those previously reported in F344 and SD rats. The present data on F344/DuCrlCrlj rats (F344 rats) and Crl:CD(SD) rats (SD rats) clarified the following. (1) The incidences of all CNS tumors observed in F344 rats were less than 1%. (2) The incidences of malignant astrocytoma and granular cell tumor were higher in male SD rats than in female SD rats. (3) The incidences of astrocytoma and granular cell tumor were higher in SD rats than in F344 rats. (4) Among astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and granular cell tumor, oligodendroglioma was detected at the youngest age, followed by astrocytoma, and ultimately, granular cell tumor developed in both strains. The incidences observed in our study were almost consistent with those previously reported in F344 and SD rats.  相似文献   

Characterization of Alpha-fetoprotein Levels in Three Dolphin Species: Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for Analysis of the Pregnancy-associated Variations     

Yuka MORITA  Naoshi HIRAMATSU  Toshiaki FUJITA  Haruna AMANO  Etsuko KATSUMATA  Kazutoshi ARAI  Toshihide IWASAKI  Takashi TODO  Akihiko HARA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):368-377

A single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay and a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) were initially developed for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) of the striped dolphin. Utilizing these developed assays, we investigated pregnancy-associated changes in the levels of AFP in the sera of fetuses and pregnant females of three dolphin species; samples were either collected from captive individuals or obtained as fishery by-products. The concentrations of AFP in the fetal serum ranged from 419.0 to 2026.3 μg/ml in the striped dolphin, 12.6 to 1218.7 μg/ml (for an AFP equivalent; eqAFP) in the common bottlenose dolphin and 770.6 to 3129.1 μg eqAFP/ml in the Risso''s dolphin. AFP levels decreased with increased fetal size in fetuses over 20 cm in length. The concentrations of AFP in sera of pregnant females ranged from 7.18 to 8068.7 ng/ml in the striped dolphin, 6.6 to 1241.1 ng eqAFP/ml in the common bottlenose dolphin and 3.4 to 2868.7 ng eqAFP/ml in the Risso''s dolphin. The levels in most pregnant females were equal to or lower than those found in males and nonpregnant individuals, although a few pregnant females exhibited extremely high levels (in the range of hundreds to thousands of nanograms per milliliter). Such high levels of AFP were not observed during pseudopregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the first report on basal profiles for serum AFP levels in small odontocetes. The profiles indicated that AFP may play a significant role during embryonic development, although maternal levels do not appear to be a diagnostic biomarker for monitoring pregnancy.  相似文献   

Shiga toxin 2eB‐transgenic lettuce vaccine is effective in protecting weaned piglets from edema disease caused by Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli infection     

Takashi Hamabata  Toshio Sato  Eiji Takita  Takeshi Matsui  Taishi Imaoka  Nobuo Nakanishi  Keizo Nakayama  Takamitsu Tsukahara  Kazutoshi Sawada 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(11):1460-1467

Porcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia that is caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and is associated with high mortality. Since ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period, preweaning vaccination of newborn piglets is required. We developed stx2eB‐transgenic lettuce as an oral vaccine candidate against ED and examined its protective efficacy using a piglet STEC infection model. Two serially developed Stx2eB‐lettuce strains, 2BN containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 0.53 mg Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce dry weight (DW) and 2BH containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 2.3 mg of Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce DW, were evaluated in three sequential experiments. Taken the results together, oral administration of Stx2eB‐lettuce vaccine was suggested to relieve the pathogenic symptoms of ED in piglets challenged with virulent STEC strain. Our data suggested that Stx2eB‐lettuce is a promising first oral vaccine candidate against ED.  相似文献   

Impaired Development of Somatotropes, Lactotropes and Thyrotropes in Growth-Retarded (grt) Mice     

Kobayashi K  Yamamoto K  Kikuyama S  Machida T  Kobayashi T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(3):187-194

Congenitally primary hypothyroid growth-retarded (grt) mice exhibit a characteristic growth pause followed by delayed onset of pubertal growth. We characterized the developmental pattern of somatotropes, lactotropes and thyrotropes in the anterior pituitary, as well as plasma levels of their secretory hormones, in grt mice. Compared with normal mice, the weight of grt pituitary gland was similar at 8 weeks of age but significantly heavier after 12 weeks of age. Compared with normal mice, there were significantly fewer somatotropes in the grt pituitary until 8 weeks of age, but the number gradually increased up to 48 weeks. The number of lactotropes in grt mice was consistently lower than that in normal mice from 2 through 48 weeks, whereas the number of thyrotropes in the grt pituitary was consistently higher than in the normal pituitary. Thyrotropes in the grt pituitary exhibited hypertrophy and hyperplasia with less intensive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) immunoreactivity than normal thyrotropes. In normal mice, the sum of the relative proportions of these cells plateaued at 8 weeks, where it remained up to 48 weeks of age. In grt mice, these proportions almost reached normal levels at 12 weeks of age but gradually declined after 24 weeks. Plasma growth hormone concentrations did not differ between grt and normal mice until 24 weeks of age. Compared with normal mice, grt mice exhibited significantly lower plasma prolactin and thyroxine levels but higher TSH levels. These findings indicate that development of somatotropes, lactotropes and thyrotropes in grt mice is impaired, being followed by altered hormone secretion.  相似文献