Effects of oral administration of colostrum whey in peripartum goat on antimicrobial peptides in postpartum milk     

Naoki Isobe  Shoko Matsukawa  Kota Kubo  Kazutoshi Ueno  Toshihisa Sugino  Takahiro Nii  Yukinori Yoshimura 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The present study was conducted to examine whether colostrum supplementation in peripartum goats increases the antimicrobial peptides in their milk. Goats were orally administered 2 ml of colostrum whey products (colostrum group) or water (control group) daily, from 2 weeks before until 2 weeks after kidding. Body weights of mothers and kids were measured. Blood, milk, and fecal samples were collected from the mothers, and blood samples were collected from the kids. Concentrations of milk antimicrobial peptides (beta‐defensin, cathelicidin, lactoferrin, S100A7, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulin A [IgA]) were determined. IgA and nutritional parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ketone bodies, and non‐esterified fatty acids) were also determined in the blood of mothers and kids. Milk IgA and lactoferrin concentrations were higher in the colostrum group than in the control group. Conversely, lower milk concentrations of S100A7 were observed in the colostrum group than that in the control group. Plasma IgA concentrations were higher for kids from the colostrum group than for those from the control group. These results suggest that oral administration of colostrum in pregnant goats increases IgA concentration in postpartum milk, which can subsequently improve the health of their kids.  相似文献   

Physical and mechanical properties of wood after moisture conditioning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yutaka Ishimaru  Kazutoshi Arai  Masato Mizutani  Katsuhito Oshima  Ikuho Iida 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(3):185-191

Some properties of wood (hinoki:Chamaecyparis obtusa) moisture-conditioned by an adsorption process from a dry state and by two desorption processes (from a water-saturated state and from a state with a moisture content slightly below the fiber saturation point) were investigated. The moisture contents of wood conditioned by the adsorption process and by the desorption process continued to approach to one another for the moisture-conditioning period of over 50 weeks. Accordingly, sorption hysteresis should be regarded as a transitional phenomenon that occurs during the process of approaching the true equilibrium, which requires a long time. The wood conditioned by the desorption process beginning from a water-saturated state showed slightly smaller dimensions than those conditioned by the adsorption process with the same moisture content; however, the wood conditioned by the desorption process from a moisture content below the fiber saturation point showed slightly larger dimensions than those conditioned by the adsorption process. The wood conditioned by the adsorption process from a dry state showed a higher modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture than did the wood conditioned from a water-saturated state with the same moisture content. The mechanical properties of the wood also varied based on the states at which the desorption process was started. This is a notable characteristic of the relation between the drying condition and the mechanical properties of wood.  相似文献   

Circulating testosterone and inhibin levels at different ages in the male beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)     

Katsumata E  Ueda Y  Arai K  Katsumata H  Kishimoto M  Watanabe G  Taya K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(3):293-300

This study is the first report on circulating testosterone and inhibin levels in a species of whales, the beluga. Circulating testosterone and immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin levels in two captive male belugas ("Nack", originally from Canada and "Duke", from the Okhotsk Sea) were measured every month for 9 years between 1995 and 2003. Assuming that clearly increased testosterone levels in the circulation indicates that the belugas had reached sexual maturity, at the ages of 10 ("Nack") and 11 years old ("Duke"). Their testosterone levels before the significant increase (pre-pubertal) were 0.42 ± 0.07 ng/ml (n=18) and 0.35 ± 0.10 ng/ml (n=18) and, those of after the increase (maturity) were 1.65 ± 0.14 ng/m l (n=74) and 2.06 ± 0.14 ng/ml (n=74). Circulating ir-inhibin levels before sexual maturity were 0.78 ± 0.04 ng/ml (n=18) and 0.64 ± 0.04 ng/ml (n=15) and, after sexual maturity were 0.52 ± 0.02 ng/ml (n=56) and 0.43 ± 0.02 ng/ml (n=67). Seasonal changes were observed in the testosterone levels after sexual maturity and the levels increased during March and April in Canadian origin "Nack", and peaked in February in Okhotsk origin "Duke". Circulating ir-inhibin level gradually decreased as they aged. A negative correlation between the circulating testosterone and ir-inhibin was observed. No seasonal changes were observed in the ir-inhibin levels after sexual maturity. These data will surely correspond to clarification of endocrinology and the successful reproduction of the beluga.  相似文献   

F-wave latency and F-wave conduction velocity for the tibial nerve in clinically normal dogs     

Okuno S  Kobayashi T  Orito K 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(9):1262-1264

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method of F-wave examinations and to determine values of F-wave conduction velocity (FWCV) and F-wave latency for the tibial nerve of clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS: 21 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: The F-waves were elicited from the interosseous muscles via stimulation of the tibial nerve. The FWCV was determined by using the F-wave shortest value and the surface distance corresponding to the tibial nerve length. Correlation between the smallest latency value of the F-wave and the length of the tibial nerve and between the FWCV and rectal temperature were closely examined. RESULTS: F-wave latency was proportional to the length of the tibial nerve (correlation coefficient, 0.929). Mean +/- SD FWCV was 77.98 +/- 8.62 m/s. Regression equation was as follows: F-wave latency = 2.799 + (0.029 X length of the tibial nerve).The FWCV was increased when the measured rectal temperature was high. Correlation coefficient between FWCV and rectal temperature was 0.665. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the study reported here, we established a reliable method for clinical evaluation of the F-wave. When assessing nerve conduction velocity, it is essential to measure nerve length along the pathway that the nerve impulse travels. This method of F-wave examination is a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of suspected dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system.  相似文献   

苹果自花结实性品种花柱S - 核酸酶基因的克隆     

李天忠  加藤直幹  奥野智旦 《园艺学报》2005,32(5):869-871

 从苹果二倍体品种‘Ontario’和‘迎秋’花柱中分别克隆到了两个S - 核酸酶基因。同源性比较结果, ‘Ontario’和‘迎秋’都有一个与‘富士’Sf - 核酸酶基因完全相同的序列。‘Ontario’另一个S等位基因编码一个新的S - 核酸酶, 被命名为S8 - 核酸酶; ‘迎秋’另一个S等位基因与苹果‘红茜’的Sd - 核酸酶基因序列相同。  相似文献   

Ratio of rice reflectance for estimating leaf blast severity with a multispectral radiometer     

Takashi Kobayashi  Eiji Kanda  Shigeo Naito  Toshihiko Nakajima  Ichiro Arakawa  Kazutoshi Nemoto  Masanao Honma  Hiroyuki Toujyou  Kiyoshi Ishiguro  Katsuki Kitada  Yoichi Torigoe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):17-22

 Rice reflectance was measured to determine the spectral regions most sensitive to leaf blast infection with a multispectral radiometer. As disease severity increased, reflectance also increased in the 400–500 nm (blue), 570–700 nm (red), and 900–2000 nm regions but decreased in the 500–570 nm and 700–900 nm regions. The increased reflectance in the blue and red regions may be attributed to decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in response to the blast infection. The maximum and minimum reflectance differences occurred at 680 nm and 760 nm for the nondiseased and diseased rice, respectively. The spectral location of maximum sensitivity was 675 nm regardless of disease severity. Rice reflectance ratios were evaluated as indicators of leaf blast severity. Two ratios, R550/R675 (reflectance at 550 nm divided by reflectance at 675 nm), and R570/R675 quantified the significant disease severity. These wavelengths were selected based on the sensitivity minima and maxima. The ratios of nondiseased rice plants varied depending on growth stage. The variation in ratios must be considered when they are used to estimate leaf blast severity. Received: April 2, 2002 / Accepted: August 12, 2002  相似文献   

β-1,3-D-Glucan Transported from Golgi Apparatus of Japanese Pear Leaves is a Component of Extracellular Polysaccharides Accumulated after AK-toxin I Treatment     

Tomoko SUZUKI  Takeshi SHINOGI  Kazutoshi UNNO  Yoshihiro NARUSAKA  Pyoyun PARK 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):267-276

This fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic study showed that β-1,3-D-glucan accumulated only in leaves of a susceptible cultivar of Japanese pear after treatment with a host-specific toxin, AK-toxin I, from Alternate, alternata Japanese pear pathotype. The positive fluorescent reaction of callose was detected only in aniline blue fluorochrome-stained sections from toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar: positive sites were observed on cell walls of leaf cells. The sites of callose deposition were probably consistent spatially with modified sites on the plasma membrane that were observed only in the toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar. The toxin-induced modifications, identified as damage to the plasma membrane, were characterized by invagination of the plasmalemma specifically at plasmodesmata and as the concomitant accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides at the invaginated sites. A positive reaction to anti-β-1,3-D-glucan antibody was detected at the polysaccharides, Golgi vesicles, and trans-Golgi network (TGN) of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar, but not at Golgi vesicles and TGN of water-treated ones. The cis-, medial and trans-Golgi stacks of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar were negative for the antibody. The results showed that the polysaccharides, Golgi vesicles and TGN contained abundant β-1,3-D-glucan and that the glucan was transported from the Golgi apparatus via Golgi vesicles to the modified sites in cells of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar. Received 7 March 2002/ Accepted in revised form 10 June 2002  相似文献   

Effect of oral administration of colostrum on inflammation in the udders of dairy cows suffering from mastitis     

Naoki ISOBE  Tomoyasu KUROSE  Naoki SUZUKI  Tomoko KOSHIISHI  Kazutoshi UENO  Keiichi HISAEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):59

The present study was undertaken to examine whether oral administration of colostrum to mastitic cows reduced inflammation in the udder. Fifty milliliters of a colostrum whey product was administered orally daily for 3 days to cows suffering from mastitis. Milk was collected on day 0 and 7 of colostrum administration. For Experiment 1, milk from 11 udder quarters with high somatic cell counts (SCC) in four cows was used. SCC in milk decreased significantly after colostrum administration, whereas colostrum administration increased sodium and IgA concentrations significantly compared with those before administration. In Experiment 2, cows with clinical mastitis were divided into two groups, with and without colostrum administration, whereas all cows with subclinical mastitis were administered colostrum. Antibiotics were infused into the mammary gland from the first day of colostrum administration for 2–4 days. There was no significant decrease in SCC after colostrum administration in any group. However, udder firmness in both clinical mastitis groups was reduced after administration regardless of colostrum administration. IgA concentration in both clinical mastitis groups was significantly increased after colostrum administration compared to that before administration, although there was no significant difference between them. These results suggest the possibility that oral administration of colostrum attenuates inflammation of the mammary gland. Further studies are required to examine the effect of colostrum more precisely using cows with subclinical and chronic mastitis and longer duration of colostrum administration.  相似文献   

Diversity in Phenotypic Profiles in Landrace Populations of Vietnamese Rice: A Case Study of Agronomic Characters for Conserving Crop Genetic Diversity on Farm     

Shuichi Fukuoka  Tran Danh Suu  Kaworu Ebana  Luu Ngoc Trinh  Tsukasa Nagamine  Kazutoshi Okuno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):753-761

Phenotypic variation of agronomic characters in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) was analyzed in order to elucidate the genetic diversity of the populations of rice landraces. Thirteen populations in Namdinh province, in the Red River Delta of Vietnam, were studied in both of farmers fields and an experimental field. Only small differences were found in agronomic characters among the populations, including populations containing different varieties. Variations among the populations in the frequency distributions of several characters suggested different degrees of diversity among the populations even among populations with the same variety name. The phenotypic profiles of farmers fields were different from those in an experimental field suggesting the environmental differences between them. One variety cultivated in the Myloc district had different phenotypic characters from the other varieties in the Haihau district more clearly in the experimental field. Since the small phenotypic variation in each of farm might be due to the genetic drift and selection by the farmers, on farm conservation of the landraces of rice is considered to be under a force to decrease phenotypic diversity. The present study suggests that the targeting several farms with different phenotypic profiles contribute to the conservation of regional genetic diversity of the landraces of rice.  相似文献   

Role of N-acetylglutamate concentration and ornithine transport into mitochondria in urea synthesis of rats given proteins of different quality     

Tujioka K  Lyou S  Hirano E  Sano A  Hayase K  Yoshida A  Yokogoshi H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(25):7467-7471

The purpose of this study was to find whether the concentration of N-acetylglutamate and ornithine transport into mitochondria would regulate urea synthesis when the dietary protein quality was manipulated. Experiments were done on three groups of rats given diets containing 10 g of gluten, 10 g of casein, or 10 g of whole egg protein/100 g for 10 days. The plasma concentration and urinary excretion of urea, the liver concentration and synthesis of N-acetylglutamate, the liver concentrations of glutamate and lysine, and the liver ornithine transport into mitochondria increased with the decrease in quality of dietary protein. A reverse correlation was observed between the activities of urea cycle enzymes, the plasma concentration of arginine, and urinary excretion of urea under these conditions. N-Acetylglutamate concentration and ornithine transport into mitochondria in the liver were closely correlated with the excretion of urea. These results suggest that greater N-acetylglutamate concentration and ornithine transport into isolated mitochondria in the liver of rats, given the lower quality of protein, stimulate urea synthesis and that the concentrations of glutamate and lysine in the liver are at least partly related to the hepatic N-acetylglutamate synthesis and ornithine transport, respectively.  相似文献