Antibacterial activity of akyl gallates against Bacillus subtilis     

Kubo I  Fujita K  Nihei K  Nihei A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1072-1076

The antibacterial activity of a series of alkyl gallates (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoates) against Gram-positive bacteria was tested using a broth dilution method. All of the Gram-positive bacteria tested were susceptible to alkyl gallates, and this activity was found to correlate with the alkyl chain length. The antibacterial activity of alkyl gallates against Bacillus subtilis was a parabolic function of their lipophilicity and maximized with alkyl chain length between C(8) and C(11). Notably, alkyl gallates were found to be bactericidal against B. subtilis ATCC 9372, but this activity was significantly affected by the endospore formation in the culture. The antibacterial activity of alkyl gallates likely comes at least in part from their ability to inhibit the membrane respiratory chain but is not due to the prooxidant action.  相似文献   

Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates     

Iwai K  Hasegawa T  Taguchi Y  Morimatsu F  Sato K  Nakamura Y  Higashi A  Kido Y  Nakabo Y  Ohtsuki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6531-6536

In the present study, we identified several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates. Healthy human volunteers ingested the gelatin hydrolysates (9.4-23 g) from porcine skin, chicken feet, and cartilage after 12 h of fasting. Negligible amounts of the peptide form of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were observed in human blood before the ingestion. After the oral ingestion, the peptide form of Hyp significantly increased and reached a maximum level (20-60 nmol/mL of plasma) after 1-2 h and then decreased to half of the maximum level at 4 h after the ingestion. Major constituents of food-derived collagen peptides in human serum and plasma were identified as Pro-Hyp. In addition, small but significant amounts of Ala-Hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro-Hyp-Gly, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, and Phe-Hyp were contained.  相似文献   

Antifungal mechanism of polygodial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kubo I  Fujita K  Lee SH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1607-1611

The primary antifungal action of polygodial comes in part from its ability to function as a nonionic surfactant, disrupting the lipid-protein interface of integral proteins and denaturing their conformation. As a result, the antifungal mechanism of this sesquiterpene dialdehyde is associated with the membrane functions or derangement of the membrane. For example, the glucose-induced medium acidification process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited by polygodial, presumably caused by inhibition of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. However, the potent antifungal activity of polygodial results from its multiple functions.  相似文献   

An analysis of wet deposition of sulfate using a trajectory model for East Asia     

Y. Ichikawa  S. Fujita 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):1927-1932

A long-range transport model for East Asia was developed to estimate the wet deposition of sulfate. The model is a trajectory type which is appropriate for long-term analysis. Trajectories of air masses are calculated by tracing the wind field which changes spatially and temporally. The processes of reactions, rainout removal, intake of sulfate in cloud water into rain water, and dry and wet depositions are considered. It is possible to calculate the concentration of sulfate in precipitation at a receptor by performing material balance in a grid box containing the receptor.The results obtained by the long-range transport model were evaluated through comparison with observation data of acidic deposition. The observation was conducted at 21 stations throughout Japan for one year. The calculated amount of wet deposition of sulfate in Japan was 0.22Tg/y in S equivalent, while the observed amount was 0.29Tg/y. The long-range transport model can predict almost 80% of observed wet deposition. The contributions of domestic anthropogenic sources and volcanic eruption to wet deposition of sulfate in Japan were estimated using the longrange transport model. The ratio of the deposition of sulfate due to Japanese anthropogenic sources to that due to the Asian continental sources was about 1 to 2. Since air stream from the direction of the Asian continent dominates during winter, the contribution of Japan to wet deposition in the region which faces the Sea of Japan amounted to less than 15%. The contribution of the sulfur oxides from volcanoes was about 20%.  相似文献   

Displacement above the hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sato M  Ishikawa T  Ujihara N  Yoshida S  Fujita M  Mochizuki M  Asada A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6036):1395

The moment magnitude (M(w)) = 9.0 2011 Tohoku-Oki mega-thrust earthquake occurred off the coast of northeastern Japan. Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) and acoustic data, we detected very large sea-floor movements associated with this event directly above the focal region. An area with more than 20 meters of horizontal displacement, that is, four times larger than those detected on land, stretches several tens of kilometers long along the trench; the largest amount reaches about 24 meters toward east-southeast just above the hypocenter. Furthermore, nearly 3 meters of vertical uplift occurred, contrary to observed terrestrial subsidence.  相似文献   

The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants     

Rensing SA  Lang D  Zimmer AD  Terry A  Salamov A  Shapiro H  Nishiyama T  Perroud PF  Lindquist EA  Kamisugi Y  Tanahashi T  Sakakibara K  Fujita T  Oishi K  Shin-I T  Kuroki Y  Toyoda A  Suzuki Y  Hashimoto S  Yamaguchi K  Sugano S  Kohara Y  Fujiyama A  Anterola A  Aoki S  Ashton N  Barbazuk WB  Barker E  Bennetzen JL  Blankenship R  Cho SH  Dutcher SK  Estelle M  Fawcett JA  Gundlach H  Hanada K  Heyl A  Hicks KA  Hughes J  Lohr M  Mayer K  Melkozernov A  Murata T  Nelson DR  Pils B  Prigge M  Reiss B  Renner T  Rombauts S  Rushton PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5859):64-69

We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.  相似文献   

Negative regulation of Wingless signaling by D-axin, a Drosophila homolog of axin     

Hamada F  Tomoyasu Y  Takatsu Y  Nakamura M  Nagai S  Suzuki A  Fujita F  Shibuya H  Toyoshima K  Ueno N  Akiyama T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5408):1739-1742

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Collection,mapping, and annotation of over 28,000 cDNA clones from japonica rice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rice Full-Length cDNA Consortium;National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Rice Full-Length cDNA Project Team  Kikuchi S  Satoh K  Nagata T  Kawagashira N  Doi K  Kishimoto N  Yazaki J  Ishikawa M  Yamada H  Ooka H  Hotta I  Kojima K  Namiki T  Ohneda E  Yahagi W  Suzuki K  Li CJ  Ohtsuki K  Shishiki T;Foundation of Advancement of International Science Genome Sequencing & Analysis Group  Otomo Y  Murakami K  Iida Y  Sugano S  Fujimura T  Suzuki Y  Tsunoda Y  Kurosaki T  Kodama T  Masuda H  Kobayashi M  Xie Q  Lu M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5631):376-379

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Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the Late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores     

Spahni R  Chappellaz J  Stocker TF  Loulergue L  Hausammann G  Kawamura K  Flückiger J  Schwander J  Raynaud D  Masson-Delmotte V  Jouzel J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5752):1317-1321

The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core enables us to extend existing records of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) back to 650,000 years before the present. A combined record of CH4 measured along the Dome C and the Vostok ice cores demonstrates, within the resolution of our measurements, that preindustrial concentrations over Antarctica have not exceeded 773 +/- 15 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) during the past 650,000 years. Before 420,000 years ago, when interglacials were cooler, maximum CH4 concentrations were only about 600 ppbv, similar to lower Holocene values. In contrast, the N2O record shows maximum concentrations of 278 +/- 7 ppbv, slightly higher than early Holocene values.  相似文献   

Role for piRNAs and noncoding RNA in de novo DNA methylation of the imprinted mouse Rasgrf1 locus     

Watanabe T  Tomizawa S  Mitsuya K  Totoki Y  Yamamoto Y  Kuramochi-Miyagawa S  Iida N  Hoki Y  Murphy PJ  Toyoda A  Gotoh K  Hiura H  Arima T  Fujiyama A  Sado T  Shibata T  Nakano T  Lin H  Ichiyanagi K  Soloway PD  Sasaki H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6031):848-852

Genomic imprinting causes parental origin-specific monoallelic gene expression through differential DNA methylation established in the parental germ line. However, the mechanisms underlying how specific sequences are selectively methylated are not fully understood. We have found that the components of the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway are required for de novo methylation of the differentially methylated region (DMR) of the imprinted mouse Rasgrf1 locus, but not other paternally imprinted loci. A retrotransposon sequence within a noncoding RNA spanning the DMR was targeted by piRNAs generated from a different locus. A direct repeat in the DMR, which is required for the methylation and imprinting of Rasgrf1, served as a promoter for this RNA. We propose a model in which piRNAs and a target RNA direct the sequence-specific methylation of Rasgrf1.  相似文献