全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 20955篇 |
| 免费 | 427篇 |
| 国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
| 林业 | 3994篇 |
| 农学 | 1455篇 |
| 基础科学 | 241篇 |
| 3865篇 | |
| 综合类 | 966篇 |
| 农作物 | 2344篇 |
| 水产渔业 | 2393篇 |
| 畜牧兽医 | 2753篇 |
| 园艺 | 1188篇 |
| 植物保护 | 2204篇 |
出版年
| 2023年 | 46篇 |
| 2022年 | 81篇 |
| 2021年 | 172篇 |
| 2020年 | 132篇 |
| 2019年 | 165篇 |
| 2018年 | 2907篇 |
| 2017年 | 2861篇 |
| 2016年 | 1381篇 |
| 2015年 | 259篇 |
| 2014年 | 256篇 |
| 2013年 | 360篇 |
| 2012年 | 1178篇 |
| 2011年 | 2467篇 |
| 2010年 | 2272篇 |
| 2009年 | 1449篇 |
| 2008年 | 1567篇 |
| 2007年 | 1843篇 |
| 2006年 | 257篇 |
| 2005年 | 290篇 |
| 2004年 | 297篇 |
| 2003年 | 337篇 |
| 2002年 | 222篇 |
| 2001年 | 117篇 |
| 2000年 | 116篇 |
| 1999年 | 71篇 |
| 1998年 | 32篇 |
| 1997年 | 16篇 |
| 1996年 | 15篇 |
| 1995年 | 19篇 |
| 1994年 | 9篇 |
| 1993年 | 24篇 |
| 1992年 | 28篇 |
| 1991年 | 13篇 |
| 1990年 | 8篇 |
| 1989年 | 16篇 |
| 1988年 | 17篇 |
| 1987年 | 10篇 |
| 1986年 | 7篇 |
| 1985年 | 6篇 |
| 1984年 | 8篇 |
| 1983年 | 5篇 |
| 1982年 | 6篇 |
| 1981年 | 4篇 |
| 1980年 | 7篇 |
| 1977年 | 6篇 |
| 1976年 | 5篇 |
| 1975年 | 4篇 |
| 1973年 | 5篇 |
| 1972年 | 8篇 |
| 1968年 | 5篇 |
排序方式： 共有10000条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Context
The assessment of land-use impacts on biodiversity is one of the central themes of landscape ecology and conservation biology. However, due to the complexity of biodiversity, it is impossible to obtain complete information about the diversity of all species even for small areas, necessitating the selection of individual species or assemblages thereof as species surrogate. In parts of the world where taxonomic expertise is lacking, species identification has hindered progress in biodiversity conservation, and the only practical, relatively-accurate option, is the use of taxonomic minimalism.Objective
We carried out a rapid biodiversity assessment based on three surrogates—land-use (driver-surrogate), terrestrial arthropods (species-surrogate) and morphospecies (taxonomic-surrogate)—to determine the impacts of land-use on biodiversity of the Western Region (Ghana), an area covering ~4 % of the West African biodiversity hotspot.Method
We used diversity profiles to visualize the distribution of a total of 8848 arthropod individuals over seven land-use types which define the complete heterogeneity of the landscape.Results
Here, we present both sample and asymptotic diversity profiles of arthropod morphospecies for each land-use type and the potential of each land-use type for conserving arthropods.Conclusions
We conclude that (1) the morphospecies approach is useful for detecting differences in species diversity of land-use types; (2) the concept of asymptotic diversity may not be necessary for land-use based biodiversity comparison; and (3) maximum diversity profiles are useful for determining the land-use conservation values in cases where pristine areas are not available.72.
Context
Playa wetlands are the primary habitat for numerous wetland-dependent species in the Southern Great Plains of North America. Plant and wildlife populations that inhabit these wetlands are reciprocally linked through the dispersal of individuals, propagules and ultimately genes among local populations.Objective
To develop and implement a framework using network models for conceptualizing, representing and analyzing potential biological flows among 48,981 spatially discrete playa wetlands in the Southern Great Plains.Methods
We examined changes in connectivity patterns and assessed the relative importance of wetlands to maintaining these patterns by targeting wetlands for removal based on network centrality metrics weighted by estimates of habitat quality and probability of inundation.Results
We identified several distinct, broad-scale sub networks and phase transitions among playa wetlands in the Southern Plains. In particular, for organisms that can disperse >2 km a dense and expansive wetland sub network emerges in the Southern High Plains. This network was characterized by localized, densely connected wetland clusters at link distances (h) >2 km but <5 km and was most sensitive to changes in wetland availability (p) and configuration when h = 4 km, and p = 0.2–0.4. It transitioned to a single, large connected wetland system at broader spatial scales even when the proportion of inundated wetland was relatively low (p = 0.2).Conclusions
Our findings suggest that redundancy in the potential for broad and fine-scale movements insulates this system from damage and facilitates system-wide connectivity among populations with different dispersal capacities.73.
Context
Common indicators are needed to monitor biodiversity loss and the implications for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (ES). A plethora of different sets of indicators may hinder the identification of major endpoints for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES).Objectives
We aim to describe the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and provide suggestions for establishing a comprehensive indicator system.Methods
An extensive literature review was conducted in this study. We review the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and propose corresponding improvements from our perspectives of theory and practical applications.Results
The main theoretical challenges of existing indicators include inconsistent definitions and classifications of ES, misunderstanding of linkages among biodiversity, ecosystem structure, functions and services, and practical problems relate to such issues as indicator representativeness, data availability, and uncertainty. Our suggested improvements include clarifying the main terms, concepts and classification of indicators, establishing a robust conceptual framework with clear interactions among different components and indicators, selecting indicators based on ecosystem properties, streaming existing data into one platform, and strengthening validation of proxies. The steps for constructing a comprehensive indicator system for BES assessment are summarized.Conclusions
Clear definitions of key terms are indispensable to classify indicators and construct a conceptual framework. Improved understanding of the relations among indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ES across multiple scales can guide the development of the indicator system. The integrated indicator system is an important tool for BES assessment to support decision making for sustainable development.74.
Huimin Yang Murray Unkovich Ann McNeill Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385
Symbiotic N2 fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil
mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in
an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18
permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N2 fixation using 15N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO3− by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N2 fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N2 fixation amounts we calculated average N2 fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year.
We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher
than that of non-N2 fixing species examined. 相似文献
75.
A. Hernández B. García García M. J. Caballero M. D. Hernández 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(4):1065-1074
76.
Andrea C. Varella David K. Weaver Jason P. Cook Nancy K. Blake Megan L. Hofland Peggy F. Lamb Luther E. Talbert 《Euphytica》2017,213(7):153
Plant landraces have long been recognized as potential gene pools for biotic and abiotic stress-related genes. This research used spring wheat landrace accessions to identify new sources of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton), an important insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. Screening efforts targeted 1409 accessions from six geographical areas of the world where other species of grain sawflies are endemic or where a high frequency of accessions possesses the resistance characteristic of solid stems. Resistance was observed in approximately 14% of accessions. Half of the lines displayed both antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Among the resistant accessions, 41% had solid or semi-solid stems. Molecular genetic screening for haplotypes at the solid stem QTL, Qss.msub.3BL, showed that 15% of lines shared the haplotype derived from ‘S-615’, the original donor of the solid stem trait to North American germplasm. Other haplotypes associated with solid stems were also observed. Haplotype diversity was greater in the center of origin of wheat. Evaluation of a representative set of resistant landrace accessions in replicated field trials at four locations over a three year period identified accessions with potential genes for reduced WSS infestation, increased WSS mortality, and increased indirect defense via parasitoids. Exploitation of distinct types of plant defense will expand the genetic diversity for WSS resistance currently present in elite breeding lines. 相似文献
77.
Papaya is a productive and nutritious fruit grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. It is polygamous with three sex types: female, male and hermaphrodite. Sex determination in papaya is controlled by an XY sex chromosome system with two slightly different Y chromosomes, Y for males and Yh for hermaphrodites. Comparative analysis of the hermaphrodite-specific region of Yh chromosome (HSY) and male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) revealed 99.6% sequence identity, which explains why DNA markers that amplify for both males and hermaphrodites have easily been developed, but not for the male trait specifically. We examined the 0.4% sequence differences, and found 1887 indels and 21,088 SNPs between MSY and HSY. The vast majority of indels are single nucleotide or few base pairs. A large male-specific retrotransposon insertion of 8396 bp was used to develop two papaya male-specific markers, PMSM1 and PMSM2 that amplify 585 and 548 bp fragments, respectively. These two markers were tested in 11 gynodioecious and four dioecious varieties along with autosomal DNA marker 71E and male/hermaphrodite marker W11, and the results showed clear separation of male from hermaphrodite and female. PMSM1 and PMSM2 were also used to test the sex type of six sex male-to-hermaphrodite reversal mutants which are crucial materials for validating candidate genes for sex determination in papaya. Our result showed all six mutants were positive for the male-specific markers. These male-specific markers can be used to distinguish gynodioecious and dioecious cultivars in papaya seed market, and facilitate genetic and genomic research for papaya improvement. 相似文献
78.
de Toledo Fábio Henrique S. F. de Moraes Gonçalves José Leonardo Mariño Yesid Alejandro de Vicente Ferraz Alexandre de Oliveira Ferreira Eric Victor Moreira Gabriela Gonçalves Hakamada Rodrigo de Arthur Júnior José Carlos 《New Forests》2020,51(3):469-488
Potassium has important physiological functions in eucalypt plantations, increasing their productivity when applied to soil via mineral fertilizers. There is interest in identifying alternative sources to KCl owing to its high cost and limited reserves. The aim of the study was to test the effect of replacing KCl with NaCl and phonolite rock powder. Two comparisons were made: (1) application of 283 kg ha?1 of KCl compared with that of 2125 kg ha?1 of phonolite rock powder (equivalent to 170 kg ha?1 of K2O in both treatments); (2) application of 139 kg ha?1 of NaCl compared with that of 183 kg ha?1 of KCl (equivalent to 2.33 kmol Na and K, respectively). Radial growth, soil water content, leaf water potential (Ψ), accumulated transpiration, stem volume and biomass increment, as well as water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. In the first comparison, both fertilizations presented equal values for all characteristics evaluated. In the second, the accumulated transpiration in trees fertilized with KCl was 17% higher than that in plants fertilized with NaCl. In contrast, the WUE was 20% higher in the trees fertilized with NaCl than in those fertilized with KCl, reflecting the lower water consumption for the same increment in stem volume and biomass. We conclude that phonolite rock powder and NaCl are possible substitutes for conventional K fertilization performed with KCl.
相似文献79.
80.