Signatures of selection in Charolais beef cattle identified by genome‐wide analysis     

Francisco Joel Jahuey‐Martínez  Gaspar Manuel Parra‐Bracamonte  Ana María Sifuentes‐Rincn  Victor Ricardo Moreno‐Medina 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(5):378-389

Charolais cattle are one of the most important breeds for meat production worldwide; in México, its selection is mainly made by live weight traits. One strategy for mapping important genomic regions that might influence productive traits is the identification of signatures of selection. This type of genomic features contains loci with extended linkage disequilibrium (LD) and homozygosity patterns that are commonly associated with sites of quantitative trait locus (QTL). Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the signatures of selection in Charolais cattle genotyped with the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine HD panel consisting of 77 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total 61,311 SNPs and 819 samples were used for the analysis. Identification of signatures of selection was carried out using the integrated haplotype score (iHS) methodology implemented in the rehh R package. The top ten SNPs with the highest piHS values were located on BTA 4, 5, 6 and 14. By identifying markers in LD with top ten SNPs, the candidate regions defined were mapped to 52.8–59.3 Mb on BTA 4; 67.5–69.3 on BTA 5; 39.5–41.0 Mb on BTA 6; and 26.4–29.6 Mb on BTA 14. The comparison of these candidate regions with the bovine QTLdb effectively confirmed the association (p < 0.05) with QTL related to growth traits and other important productive traits. The genomic regions identified in this study indicated selection for growth traits on the Charolais population via the conservation of haplotypes on various chromosomes. These genomic regions and their associated genes could serve as the basis for haplotype association studies and for the identification of causal genes related to growth traits.  相似文献   

Induction of CIRBP expression by cold shock on bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes     

Jaume Gardela  Mateo Ruiz‐Conca  Manuel lvarez‐Rodríguez  Teresa Mogas  Manel Lpez‐Bjar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):82-85

The aim of this study was to induce the cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP) expression on cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) through exposure to a sub‐lethal cold shock and determine the effects of hypothermic temperatures during the in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Nuclear maturation, cortical granule redistribution and identification of cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRBP) were assessed after 24 hr of in vitro maturation of control (38.5°C) and cold‐stressed oocytes (33.5°C). The presence of CIRBP was assessed by Western blot in COCs or denuded oocytes and their respective cumulus cells. Based on the odds ratio, cold‐stressed oocytes presented higher abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of cortical granules and nuclear maturation than the control group. Although CIRBP was detected in both control and cold‐stressed groups, cold‐stressed COCs had 2.17 times more expression of CIRBP than control COCs. However, when denuded oocytes and cumulus cells were assessed separately, CIRBP only was detected in cumulus cells in both groups. In conclusion, cold shock induced CIRBP expression, but it negatively affected nuclear maturation and cortical granule distribution of bovine oocytes. Moreover, the expression of CIRBP was only identified in cumulus cells but not in oocytes.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in canines along the United States–Mexico border     

Emily G. Pieracci  Juan Diego Perez De La Rosa  Daniel Luna Rubio  Mario Eduardo Solis Perales  Manuel Velasco Contreras  Naomi A. Drexler  William L. Nicholson  Jos Javier Prez De La Rosa  Ida H. Chung  Cecilia Kato  Casey Barton Behravesh  María Alejandra Gay Enríquez  Jesús Felipe Gonzlez Roldan  Margarita E. Villarino 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(8):918-926

Portions of northern Mexico are experiencing a re‐emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tickborne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsiae (SFGR). Infection with R. rickettsii can result in serious and life‐threatening illness in people and dogs. Canine seroprevalence has been used as a sentinel for human RMSF in previous studies. This study aims to quantify SFGR seroprevalence in canines in three northern Mexican states and identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. A total of 1,136 serum samples and 942 ticks were obtained from dogs participating in government sterilization campaigns and from animal control facilities in 14 Mexican cities in three states. SFGR antibodies were detected using indirect immunofluorescence antibody assays at titre values ≥1/64. Six per cent (69 dogs) showed antibodies to SFGR, with the highest seroprevalence reported in Baja California (12%), Coahuila (4%) and Sonora (4%). Dogs from Baja California had three times higher odds of having SFGR antibodies compared to dogs from Sonora (OR = 3.38, 95% CI, 1.81–6.37). Roughly one quarter (25%) of surveyed dogs were parasitized by ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) at the time of sample collection. A portion of collected ticks were tested for rickettsial DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were then sequenced, showing evidence of SFGR including R. massiliae, R. parkeri and R. rickettsii. Dogs that spent the majority of time on the street, such as free‐roaming or community‐owned dogs, showed a greater risk of tick infestation, seropositivity, bearing seropositive ticks, and may play a pivotal role in the spread of SFGR among communities. Estimating the seroprevalence of SFGR in the canine population can help public health campaigns target high‐risk communities for interventions to reduce human RMSF cases.  相似文献   

Influence on Polychlorinated Biphenyls Content Using Three Types of Biowastes As Fertilizers In Agricultural Soils     

Juan Manuel Antolín  Valentín Pando Fernández  Carmen T. Bravo Sánchez 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):205-213

A 4-year field study was carried out to investigate the effects of three types of biowastes application on PCB accumulation in agricultural soils. This study was based on the experiments designed for four soils in two areas of Palencia province (Spain) (Cerrato and Tierra de Campos) for non irrigated and irrigated land after applying biowaste. The amounts of the three different types of biowastes added were determined according to the fertilization needs of nitrogen for the crop. The concentrations of PCBs in soils were determined before and after biowaste application. The three biowaste treatments raise the concentration of PCBs in the soil, sewage sludge compost (SC) treatment produced the main increase in PCBs concentration, followed by municipal solid waste compost (MC) treatment and the dehydrated sewage sludge (SD) treatment. The values of biowaste treated areas were 3.7-11.5 times higher than the respective values of the non treated areas. Changes observed in the congener distribution also suggest the influence of the biowaste on the soil. The biowaste used had an average PCBs concentration of 63.16 ng g^?1 with a range from 34.08 ng g^?1 to 118.93 ng g^?1, which are values below the EEC recommended limit (800 ng g^?1). In the soils without treatment was found an average concentration 0.206 ng g^?1 of PCBs, typical of areas with low levels of environmental pollution.  相似文献   

Iron availability thresholds for the inoculation of cucumber with Trichoderma asperellum T34     

Ana María García‐López  Manuel Avilés  Antonio Delgado 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(6):867-875

Inoculation with biocontrol agents can affect iron (Fe) uptake by plants. The objective of this research was to study the necessity of defining a Fe threshold in growth media for the inoculation with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum T34. A completely randomized experiment with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was performed involving two factors: Fe rate in the growth medium in the form of ferrihydrite (0, 8, 16, 32.5, and 75 mg kg^–1 of citrate‐ascorbate‐extractable Fe (CA‐Fe), and plant inoculation with T34. Dry matter (DM) of aerial parts of cucumber was decreased by T34. This was related to a decreased accumulation of Fe in plants, more in aerial parts than in roots. However, at the highest Fe rate (75 mg kg^–1), differences in DM yield, plant height, and the content and concentration of Fe in shoots between inoculated and noninoculated plants were not significant. The threshold of CA‐Fe in the medium for DM yield of cucumber was 37 mg kg^–1 without T34. With T34, this threshold was 65 mg kg^–1, which implies that, below this limit, additional Fe supply is required for inoculation with T34.  相似文献   

O2 supports 3-phosphoglycerate-dependent O2 evolution in chloroplasts from spinach leaves     

Daisuke Takagi  Hiroshi Yamamoto  Katsumi Amako  Amane Makino  Toshio Sugimoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):462-468

We tested the hypothesis that the Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase (MAP) pathway supports 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA)-dependent oxygen (O₂) evolution using intact chloroplasts. Lowering O₂ concentration (<1?µM) suppressed PGA-dependent O₂ evolution rate. High O₂ concentration (about 250?µM) enhanced the electron fluxes in Photosystem II (PSII). Also, high O₂ concentration oxidized both Q_A in PSII and Cyt f in thylakoid membranes. These results indicated that the MAP pathway stimulated photosynthetic electron transport. Furthermore, electrochromic shift signal was also increased at high O₂ concentration, compared to low O₂ concentration. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence was also enhanced at high O₂ concentration. These data support our hypothesis that the MAP pathway functioned in intact chloroplasts and accelerated PGA-dependent O₂ evolution by inducing ΔpH formation to produce and supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the conversion reaction of PGA to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate through 1,3-diphosphoglycerate in chloroplasts.  相似文献   

O2-enhanced induction of photosynthesis in rice leaves: the Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase (MAP) pathway drives cyclic electron flow within PSII and cyclic electron flow around PSI     

Chikahiro Miyake  Yuji Suzuki  Hiroshi Yamamoto  Katsumi Amako  Amane Makino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):718-727

Lowering the oxygen (O₂) partial pressure from 21?kPa to 1?kPa delayed the light-dependent increase of the net carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation rate in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Notohikari) leaves. Researching the underlying molecular mechanisms that act before the start of photosynthesis, we established the following facts. First, O₂ at 21?kPa enhanced the quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and PSI [Y(I)]. More than 90% of Y(II) and Y(I) were not accounted for by O₂-dependent electron flow in the Mehler-ascorbate peroxidase (MAP) pathway. Both yields increased further with the start of photosynthesis. Second, O₂ enhanced photochemical quenching of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (qL). qL also increased further with the rate of photosynthesis. Third, O₂ enhanced the photo-oxidation of P700. Fourth, O₂ suppressed the reduction of P700. Fifth, O₂ enhanced non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence (NPQ). These results showed that the MAP pathway triggered cyclic electron flow within PSII (CEF-II) and cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF-I) by inducing ΔpH across thylakoid membranes and oxidizing the plastoquinone pool, before photosynthesis started. We propose that the photosynthetic electron transport system is controlled by the MAP pathway, which would explain the O₂-dependent enhancement of the induction of photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Interaction Between Ozone Exposure and Iron Nutrition in Two Tobacco Cultivars     

Esteban Alcántara  Manuel D. de la Guardia  Inmaculada Montilla  Francisco J. Romera 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2245-2255

The initial objective was to confirm evidence, obtained from field grown plants, for iron (Fe) accumulation in leaves under ozone exposure. Tobacco plants were grown in pots under either open air or growth chamber conditions. The ozone-sensitive cultivar Bel W3 showed symptoms of ozone injury only when grown outside, while the cultivar Virginia never developed symptoms. In both cultivars, basal leaves of plants grown outside had higher concentration of Fe, but not of manganese (Mn) or zinc (Zn), than those from the growth chamber. Results suggest an interference of the oxidative stress with the mechanisms regulating Fe homeostasis. A second objective was to test whether differences in tolerance to ozone correspond with differences in tolerance to Fe toxicity. Iron toxicity was induced by supplying an excess of Fe-EDTA to plants, grown hydroponically in a growth chamber, upon partial root cutting. Symptoms in leaves were more severe in Bel W3 than in Virginia, which suggested that mechanisms of tolerance to ozone were also effective against Fe toxicity. In both cultivars, a good correlation was determined between Fe accumulation and ethylene production in the leaves.  相似文献   

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF CHAMAEROPS HUMILIS L. AND WASHINGTONIA ROBUSTA H. WENDL PALM TREES AND THEIR LONG-TERM NUTRITIONAL RESPONSES TO SALINITY     

María Dolores Simón  Manuel Nieves-Cordones  María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco  Trinitario Ferrández  Manuel Nieves 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1466-1478

The ornamental value of plants used in semiarid areas can be improved by knowledge of their required nutrients and of their nutritional responses under saline conditions. We present a long-term study concerning the nutritional status in Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia robusta. Two-year-old plants were grown for two years outdoors in pots using water with electrical conductivity values of 2 (control) or 8 dS m^?1 (saline conditions). Nutrient specific absorption rates and leaf nutrient transport rates were estimated by fitting a Richards function regression. We suggest fertilizing C. humilis and W. robusta plants with nitrogen (N): phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅): dipotassium oxide (K₂O) ratios of 4:1:5 and 5:1:3, respectively. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Plant Analysis with Standardized Scores (PASS) norms were also evaluated. PASS norms provided better nutritional diagnosis than DRIS norms. In saline conditions, PASS-INI (Independent nutrient index) pointed to a deficiency (C. humilis and of nitrogen in W. robusta.  相似文献   

Effect of the NH4/NO3 ratio on GS and PEPCase activities and on dry matter production in wheat     

Manuel Sandoval Villa  Gabriel Alcántar González  Juan Luis Tirado Torres  Andrés Aguilar Santelises 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):2545-2557

Previous experiments have indicated that under greenhouse and hydroponic conditions, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produces higher yields, more tillers and dry matter when supplied with mixtures of NH₄ and NO₃ than when supplied with only one of them. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected ammonium and nitrate mixtures on dry matter yield, content of soluble protein, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymatic activities. Cultivar ‘Salamanca’ wheat plants, 21 days old, were grown in one of five solutions containing one of the following: 7/0, 5/2, 3.5/3.5, 2/5 or 0/7 meq l^‐1 of NH₄NO₃.

After two weeks of treatment applications, the highest dry matter production in both roots and shoots of the 35‐day‐old plants was observed in plants receiving the 2/5 NH₄/NO₃ ratio. The same response was observed on the accumulation of soluble protein and the potential activity of PEPCase. The specific activity of PEPCase was related to the plant applications of ammonium.

Treatments 3.5/3.5 and 2/5 NH₄/NO₃ ratio enhanced leaf GS activity between 28 and 57 days, and it was consistently 300–500% higher than root activity during the same period. Dry weight of the leaves, stems and grain showed the highest yields with those treatments at the physiological maturity of grains (105 days).  相似文献