Detection of Trichinella murrelli in coyotes (Canis latrans) from Oklahoma and North Texas     

Reichard MV  Tiernan KE  Paras KL  Interisano M  Reiskind MH  Panciera RJ  Pozio E 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):368-371

We determined the prevalence and mean intensity of Trichinella sp. infection in coyotes from six counties in Oklahoma and one in northern Texas. Tongues from 77 coyotes were examined using histology and artificial tissue digestion. Histological examination showed a prevalence of 3.9% (3 of 77) whereas the prevalence was 6.5% (5 of 77) based on artificial digestion of 5.0 g of muscle from coyote tongues. One sample was positive for Trichinella sp. on histology but negative by artificial digestion. Combining data from both diagnostic techniques showed that six of 77 (7.8%) coyotes were infected with Trichinella spp. The mean intensity of Trichinella sp. larvae ranged from 0.2 to 66.2 with an average of 16.0 larvae per gram (LPG) of tongue. Genotyping results demonstrated that the coyotes were infected with Trichinella murrelli. This is the first report of T. murrelli infection in coyotes in Oklahoma. T. murrelli had previously been isolated from coyotes in Texas.  相似文献   

First reports of Trichinella pseudospiralis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) of Italy     

Merialdi G  Bardasi L  Fontana MC  Spaggiari B  Maioli G  Conedera G  Vio D  Londero M  Marucci G  Ludovisi A  Pozio E  Capelli G 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):370-373

Trichinella pseudospiralis is a non-encapsulated species infecting both mammals and birds. In Italy, this parasite was reported only in two night-birds of prey of Central Italy. In January 2010, Trichinella larvae were detected in three wild boars (Sus scrofa) of two regions of Northern Italy by enzymatic digestion. The parasites were identified as T. pseudospiralis by multiplex-PCR. The first infected wild boar was hunted in the Emilia Romagna region and the other two infected wild boars were bred outdoors in a small family farm of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. These new epidemiological data reinforce the role of the wild boar as the main reservoir of T. pseudospiralis in Europe.  相似文献   

Absence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in commercially reared rabbit does (Oryctolagus cuniculi) in Italy     

Piccirillo A  Giacomelli M  Lonardi C  Menandro ML  Martini M  Grilli G 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,150(3-4):411-413

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Viral and antibody HEV prevalence in swine at slaughterhouse in Italy     

Di Bartolo I  Ponterio E  Castellini L  Ostanello F  Ruggeri FM 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):330-338

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Characterization of Sardinian cork oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus suber</Emphasis> L.) genetic resources for economically important traits     

Simonetta Bullitta  Sandro Dettori  Manuela Manchinu  Maria Rosaria Filigheddu  Giovanna Piluzza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(7):1007-1020

Considering the very high socio economic value of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in Mediterranean areas, a better knowledge of local genetic resources is necessary in order to reach a good balance between the conservation issues and the need of an efficient cork production network. In such frame, local germplasm of Q. suber from the main cork production areas of Sardinia was analysed for DNA and isozyme polymorphisms and for cork quality in relation to some environmental parameters. A total number of 24 sample stands of cork oak were selected, representing typical vegetation, sylvicultural and cork quality features within the eight identified cork growing areas in Sardinia. Considerable variation was found between cork oak stands of the different areas. Results of the principal component analysis performed on the cork quality data and environmental characters of the eight areas, showed that the first three components explain 72.2% of the variation. The major characters involved in this differentiation were cork quality characters such as dimensional recover, moisture and Mg content of the cork and also elevation of stands m a.s.l. for the first component. The second component appears to be determined by some climatic parameters (average annual temperature and average of the minimum temperatures of coldest month) and by the Fe and Zn in the cork. For the third component, major characters involved in differentiation are average annual rainfall, bark thickness and Ca content in the cork.  相似文献   

Intra-varietal genetic diversity of the grapevine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L.) cultivar ‘Nero d’Avola’ as revealed by microsatellite markers     

Francesco Carimi  Francesco Mercati  Roberto De Michele  Maria Carola Fiore  Paolo Riccardi  Francesco Sunseri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(7):967-975

The Sicilian grape cultivar ‘Nero d’Avola’ is among the oldest and most cultivated in the island, taking part in the production of several red wines exported worldwide, including DOC wines (Etna Rosso and Cerasuolo di Vittoria). Due to the ancient origin and repeated clonally propagation of the cultivar, phenotypic variability has been observed. Clone identification in this important cultivar has so far relied on phenotypic and chemical traits analyses, often affected by environmental conditions. Genetic markers, such as microsatellites, are particularly useful for cultivar identification, parentage testing, pedigree reconstruction and population structure studies. In the present paper, microsatellites were used to analyze the intra-varietal genetic diversity among 118 plants of ‘Nero d’Avola’, collected in 30 vineyards displaced in different areas of Sicily. Out of 22 microsatellites, 11 showed polymorphism among samples and 15 different phylogenetic groups were identified. Results show that ‘Nero d’Avola’ actually comprises different genetic profiles, although most of clones share a common origin.  相似文献   

Arsenic Mining Waste in the Catchment Area of the Madrid Detrital Aquifer (Spain)     

Lorena Recio-Vazquez  Javier Garcia-Guinea  Pilar Carral  Ana Maria Alvarez  Fernando Garrido 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):307-320

In recent years, elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater used for drinking water supplies have been recognised in the Madrid Tertiary detrital aquifer. Although only natural causes have been suggested as the source of arsenic, this study aims to highlight that the anthropogenic contribution cannot be disregarded. During the sub-catchment??s areas sampling, we found many geographical sites where natural arsenopyrite [FeAsS] originally encapsulated in pegmatite bodies and quartz veins, was artificially outcropped and dumped out, since mining wastes were scattered and exposed to weathering. Several mineral and ground specimens were collected to analyse its mineralogical and chemical composition by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Both, the abundant existence of secondary phases, such as scorodite [FeAsO₄?2H₂O] and jarosite [KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆], much more soluble than arsenopyrite, and the lixiviation experiments of arsenopyrite in acidic media to simulate acid mine drainage (AMD) conditions, usually found in old mining districts, point to a potential risk of arsenic contamination of surface water bodies, which operate as recharged waters of the aquifer in the studied area. The elemental determination of heavy metals present in ground samples by XRF analyses, reaching up to 1,173 mg kg^?C1 of copper, 347 mg kg^?C1 of lead and 113,702 mg kg^?C1 of arsenic; and the physicochemical and arsenic fractionation studies of soil samples, led us to classify the soil as Spolic Technosol (Toxic). The contamination of the area due to old mining activities could release arsenic to Madrid water supplies; accordingly, additional decontamination studies should be performed.  相似文献   

Impact of Urban Stormwater on Sediment Quality in an Enclosed Bay of the Lule River, Northern Sweden     

Ralf Rentz  Anders Widerlund  Maria Viklander  Bj?rn ?hlander 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):651-666

Sediment and porewater samples from an enclosed bay receiving stormwater discharge (Skutviken) near the centre of Lule?, northern Sweden were analysed for major and trace elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Among the studied metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were enriched at Skutviken. Also, the PAH content was enriched, in particular for phenantrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene which are regarded as common constituents in stormwater. The use of trace metal ratios provided indications about pollutant sources for the sediment. Cs-137 dating was used to determine historical changes in metal and PAH fixation in the sediment. The bay Skutviken is enclosed through the construction of a road bank since 1962. The enclosure led to reduced water circulation in the bay that promotes the occurrence of anoxic conditions with sulphate reduction within the bay. As a consequence of these conditions, metals are trapped in the sediments as sulphides. This study suggests that enclosed bays with restricted water circulation may be efficient traps for urban pollutants, reducing the present-day input of pollutants to the sea. In areas with postglacial land uplift, where such bays are common, bay sediments are a potential future source of pollutants when uplift results in erosion and oxidation of the sediments.  相似文献   

Mercury (Hg) Transport in a High Arctic River in Northeast Greenland     

Frank Rig��t  Mikkel P. Tamstorf  Martin M. Larsen  Jens S?ndergaard  Gert Asmund  Julie Maria Falk  Charlotte Sigsgaard 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,222(1-4):233-242

In a warming climate, mercury (Hg) pathways in the Arctic can be expected to be affected. The Hg transport from the high arctic Zackenberg River Basin was assessed in 2009 in order to describe and estimate the mercury transported from land to the marine environment. A total of 95 water samples were acquired and filtered (0.4 ??m pore size), and Hg concentrations were determined in both the filtered water and in the sediment. A range of other elements were also measured in the water samples. Hg concentrations in the filtered water were in general highest in the beginning of the season when the water came mainly from melted snow. THg concentrations in the sediment were in general relatively constant or slightly decreasing until mid-August, where after the concentrations increased. A principal component analysis separated the samples into spring, summer and autumn samples indicating seasonal characteristics of the patterns of element concentrations. The total amount of Hg in the sediment transported was estimated to 2.6 kg. Approximately 60% of the sediment-transported Hg occurred during a 24-h flood in the beginning of August caused by a glacial lake outburst flood. The total amount of transported dissolved Hg was estimated to 46 g, and 13% of this transport occurred during the 24-h flood. If it is assumed that the Hg transport by Zackenberg River is representative for the general glacial rivers in East Greenland, the total Hg transport into the North Atlantic from Greenland alone is approximately 4.6 tons year^?1 with an estimated annual freshwater discharge of ??440 km³.  相似文献   

Tracking the potato late blight pathogen in the atmosphere using unmanned aerial vehicles and Lagrangian modeling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Donald E. Aylor  David G. Schmale IIIElson J. Shields  Maria NewcombCarmen J. Nappo 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(2):251-260

A means for determining the aerial concentration, C (sporangia m⁻³), of plant pathogenic spores at various distances from a source of inoculum is needed to quantify the potential spread of a plant disease. Values of C for Phytophthora infestans sporangia released from an area source of diseased plants in a potato canopy was quantified in three ways: (1) by using Rotorods to sample the air just above the source, (2) by using unmanned aerial vehicles to sample the air at altitudes up to 90 m above the source and at downwind distances up to 500 m from the source, and (3) by using a Lagrangian stochastic simulation of sporangia flight trajectories to tie these two measurements together. Experiments were conducted using three potato crops over two years. Model predictions of time-average, crosswind-integrated concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.9) with values of C measured using the unmanned aerial vehicles. The model describes the release and dispersal of sporangia from a potato canopy to a downwind distance of 500 m. Thus, it may have utility as a part of an area-wide decision support system by helping to predict risk of disease spread between neighboring or distant potato fields.  相似文献