Variation of trace element accumulation by iron-manganese nodules from Dystric Cambisols with and without contamination     

Timofeeva  Yana O.  Karabtsov  Alexander  Ushkova  Maria  Burdukovskii  Maxim  Semal  Victoria 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(2):1064-1078

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of soil contamination on the trace element accumulation in nodules, inter-element relationships inside the...  相似文献   

Inhibitory action of Cerrado plants against mammalian and insect α-amylases     

Everton M. Silva  Arnubio Valencia  Maria Ftima Grossi-de-S  Thales L. Rocha  rika Freire  Jos E. de Paula  Laila S. Espindola 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):141-146

A total of 185 hexanic, dichloromethanic, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts from 24 species of Cerrado plants, were tested against Zabrotes subfasciatus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, and human saliva α-amylases. Twelve crude extracts presented inhibition rates greater than 80% against digestive α-amylases of the insect pest Z. subfasciatus, at a concentration of 1 mg mL⁻¹. These extracts were also tested against A. obtectus and human saliva α-amylases to verify their affinity and specificity of action. The hydroethanolic Kielmeyera coriacea stem bark extract presented a strong inhibitory potential, with IC₅₀ values of 110 μg mL⁻¹ for Z. subfasciatus and 272.12 μg mL⁻¹ for A. obtectus, in addition to a 97.09% reduction in enzyme activity of human saliva α-amylases at 125 μg mL⁻¹. The hexanic Aspidosperma macrocarpon root wood extract totally inhibited the activity of Z. subfasciatus α-amylases, reduced the enzyme activity of A. obtectus by 14.69% at 1 mg mL⁻¹, but did not alter the activity of human saliva α-amylases, thus characterizing greater inhibition affinity and specificity. The results suggest that the application of plant extracts against insect α-amylases represent a promising biotechnological tool for development of new insect pest control strategies, with noticeable affinity and specificity of action against different target enzymes.  相似文献   

Formulation and Physicochemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Biscuit-Type Cookies Supplemented with Fruit Powders     

Ana Maria Athayde Uchoa  José Maria Correia da Costa  Geraldo Arraes Maia  Tatyane Ribeiro Meira  Paulo Henrrique Machado Sousa  Isabella Montenegro Brasil 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):153-159

Cashew apple and guava residues from fruit juice industry were prepared as dehydrated fruit powders and used at different levels of wheat flour substitution for cookies formulations. The effects of guava and cashew apple fruit powders supplementation on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the cookies were evaluated. The pH, fibre and protein content were significantly affected. Biscuits with 15 g and 20 g/100g cashew apple and guava fruit powders showed the highest scores for sensorial attributes, respectively. The supplementation seems to be suited for wheat flour substitution and it is possible to obtain cookies with value-added food ingredient within the standards.  相似文献   

Phage Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy: Low Environmental Impact Approaches to Inactivate Microorganisms in Fish Farming Plants     

Adelaide Almeida  ?ngela Cunha  Newton C.M. Gomes  Eliana Alves  Liliana Costa  Maria A.F. Faustino 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):268-313

Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy.  相似文献   

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin,a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa     

éverton Tenório de Souza  Daysianne Pereira de Lira  Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz  Diogo José Costa da Silva  Anansa Bezerra de Aquino  Eliane A. Campessato Mella  Vitor Prates Lorenzo  George Emmanuel C. de Miranda  Jo?o Xavier de Araújo-Júnior  Maria Célia de Oliveira Chaves  José Maria Barbosa-Filho  Petr?nio Filgueiras de Athayde-Filho  Bárbara Viviana de Oliveira Santos  Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira 《Marine drugs》2009,7(4):689-704

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.  相似文献   

Antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome: beyond pregnancy morbidity and thrombosis     

Maria Mialdea  Shirish R Sangle  David P D'Cruz 《Journal of Autoimmune Diseases》2009,6(1):3

The antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterised by recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity and the persistence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Many other clinical manifestations may occur including heart valve disease, livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia and neurological manifestations such as migraine and seizures. We review a number of other manfestations including stenotic lesions, coronary artery disease and accelerated atherosclerosis, skeletal disorders and the concept of seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome.  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack     

Antonia Spadafora  ;Silvia Mazzuca  ;Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta  ;Attilio Parise  ;Enzo Perri  ;AnnaMafia Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):703-712

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ~-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ~-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-β-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits (Olea europaea) to Mimed Insect Attack   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonia Spadework  Silvia Mazzuca  Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta  Attilio Parise  Enzo Perri  Anna Maria Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6)

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of β-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong β-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3h. Whereas the mass of active celsreached a distance of (300±50)μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.  相似文献   

Hybridization between wild and cultivated potato species in the Peruvian Andes and biosafety implications for deployment of GM potatoes   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Maria Scurrah  Carolina Celis-Gamboa  Susana Chumbiauca  Alberto Salas  Richard G. F. Visser 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):881-892

  相似文献   

Responses to divergent selection for cob color in maize   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Pierangelo Landi  Maria A. Canè  Elisabetta Frascaroli 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):645-658

Previous studies showed that in materials derived from maize (Zea mays L.) single cross A632 × Mu195 there is association between agronomic traits and cob color (affected by P1 gene). Objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses to divergent selection for cob color in F₂-Syn 0 (obtained by selfing A632 × Mu195), estimate the genetic parameters of the involved putative quantitative trait loci (QTL), and evaluate the responses to divergent selection for cob color in A632 and Mu195 backgrounds. The populations selected in F₂-Syn 0 for red (R0) or white cob (W0) were tested in four trials. Differences between R0 and W0 were found for grain yield (85.0 vs. 75.0 g/plant) and other traits; most of these differences were related to leaf number/plant. Then, population F₂-Syn 1, derived after one random mating generation, was divergently selected for cob color, thus producing R1 and W1. Populations R0, W0, R1, and W1 were tested in two trials, allowing the estimate of genetic effects and recombination frequencies for putative QTL of several traits. Finally, a divergent selection for cob color was conducted in segregating materials of A632 and Mu195 backgrounds. The two pairs of selected populations were compared in two trials; the responses were similar to those detected by comparing R0 and W0. We conclude that divergent selection for cob color in F₂-Syn 0 is effective for several traits, that such responses are due to putative QTL linked to P1, and that selection is also effective in different genetic backgrounds.  相似文献