In vitro regeneration from mature leaf explants of Pelargonium rapaceum (L.) L’Hérit     

Pornpan Sukhumpinij  Fumika KakiharaMasahiro Kato 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Methods to regenerate whole plants from mature leaf explants of Pelargonium rapaceum (L.) L’Hérit were established. To optimize shoot induction, leaf explants were cultured on media containing different types and combinations of plant growth regulators. Growth was initiated within 17–24 days culture, and included callus formation, and root or shoot organogenesis ranging from 20 to 100% regeneration. Shoots were induced only when explants were cultivated on MS medium containing a combination of NAA and kinetin, NAA and BAP, IAA and Kinetin, or IAA and BAP. On media containing NAA and BAP, dark incubation was critical for efficient direct shoot regeneration from explants. Direct shoot formation and the highest number of shoots per explant (17.6) were obtained from leaf explants cultured in the dark for 30 days on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Shoots cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l⁻¹ NAA formed tuberous roots with microtubers within 42 days. Healthy regenerated plants were acclimated and transferred to a greenhouse.  相似文献   

Mapping of QTLs controlling epicotyl length in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)     

Masahiko Mori  Kento Maki  Tsubasa Kawahata  Daigo Kawahara  Yuta Kato  Toru Yoshida  Hidetaka Nagasawa  Hitoshi Sato  Atsushi J. Nagano  Paul C. Bethke  Kiyoaki Kato 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):208

Epicotyl length (ECL) of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) affects the efficiency of mechanized weeding and harvest. The present study investigated the genetic factors controlling ECL. An F₂ population derived from a cross between the breeding line ‘Tokei1121’ (T1121, long epicotyls) and the cultivar ‘Erimo167’ (common epicotyls) was phenotyped for ECL and genotyped using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A molecular linkage map was generated and fifty-two segregating markers, including 27 SSRs and 25 SNPs, were located on seven linkage groups (LGs) at a LOD threshold value of 3.0. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ECL, with LOD scores of 4.0, 3.4, 4.8 and 6.4, were identified on LGs 2, 4, 7 and 10, respectively; together, these four QTLs accounted for 49.3% of the phenotypic variance. The segregation patterns observed in F₅ residual heterozygous lines at qECL10 revealed that a single recessive gene derived from T1121 contributed to the longer ECL phenotype. Using five insertion and deletion markers, this gene was fine mapped to a ~255 kb region near the end of LG10. These findings will facilitate marker-assisted selection for breeding in the adzuki bean and contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms associated with epicotyl elongation.  相似文献   

Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Seiichi Nishimura  Michio Komada  Masako Takebe  Seiichiro Yonemura  Naoto Kato 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(7):787-795

Soil solarization practice, in which soil is covered with plastic mulch film and exposed to high temperature prior to crop cultivation, is expected to be an effective method for reducing weeds and pathogenic microorganisms without using agricultural chemicals. Although the production of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a major greenhouse gas, is enhanced in fertilized soil covered with plastic mulch films, its transport route to the atmosphere has not been sufficiently elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the N₂O evolution from plastic-mulch-film-covered agricultural soil. In a horticultural field where ridge soil was covered with a plastic mulch film after fertilization, we observed significant N₂O flux from the soil surface of the unfertilized furrow between the ridges, indicating the horizontal diffusion of N₂O from the ridge soil covered with the mulch film to the adjacent furrow soil surface. On the other hand, the measurement of the permeance (permeation coefficient) of the plastic mulch film for gaseous N₂O by laboratory experiment revealed that N₂O gradually permeated the mulch film; the permeance increased exponentially with an increase in ambient temperature, indicating possible N₂O emission by permeation through the mulch film under field conditions. In winter, the amount of N₂O emission by permeation through the mulch film was estimated to be lower than that emitted from the furrow soil surface, and it was lower than that in summer. On the other hand, it was estimated to be much higher in summer owing to the higher permeance of the film at high temperatures.  相似文献   

Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 strains of neuropathogenic genotype in a major breeding area of Japan     

Tsujimura K  Oyama T  Katayama Y  Muranaka M  Bannai H  Nemoto M  Yamanaka T  Kondo T  Kato M  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1663-1667

A single non-synonymous nucleotide substitution of guanine (G) for adenine (A) at position 2254 in the viral DNA polymerase gene (encoded by open reading frame [ORF] 30) of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has been significantly associated with neuropathogenic potential in strains of this virus. To estimate the prevalence of EHV-1 strains with the neuropathogenic genotype (ORF30 G(2254)) in the Hidaka district--a major horse breeding area in Japan--we analyzed the ORF30 genomic region in cases of EHV-1 infection in this area during the years 2001-2010. Of the 113 cases analyzed, 3 (2.7%) were induced by ORF30 G(2254) strains. This prevalence is lower than those observed in the U.S.A. (10.8-19.4%), Argentina (7.4%), France (24%), and Germany (10.6%).  相似文献   

Nitrocapsanthin and nitrofucoxanthin, respective products of capsanthin and fucoxanthin reaction with peroxynitrite     

Tsuboi M  Etoh H  Kato K  Nakatugawa H  Kato H  Maejima Y  Matsumoto G  Mori H  Hosokawa M  Miyashita K  Tokuda H  Suzuki N  Maoka T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10572-10578

The in vitro reactivity of capsanthin (1) and fucoxanthin (2) with peroxynitrite was investigated, and the reaction products produced by scavenging with peroxynitrite were analyzed. (14'Z)-Nitrocapsanthin (3) and 12-nitrocapsanthin (4) were isolated from the products of the reaction of capsanthin with peroxynitrite. Similarly, (14Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (5), (11Z)-11-nitrofucoxanthin (6), and (14Z,9'Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (7) were obtained from the reaction of peroxynitrite reaction with fucoxanthin. Capsanthin and fucoxanthin inhibited the nitration of tyrosine by peroxynitrite. Furthermore, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) and nitrofucoxanthins (5 and 6) exhibited an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells and an antiproliferative effect on human pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, nitrocapsanthins (3 and 4) inhibited carcinogensis of mouse skin tumors initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBN).  相似文献   

Evaluation of an automated point‐of‐care test system for measuring thrombin–antithrombin complex in dogs     

Daiki Kato  Masashi Takahashi  Tomohiro Yonezawa  Aki Ohmi  Sawako Takeda  Taisuke Nakagawa  Saburou Hosoda  Hideyuki Kanemoto  Kenjiro Fukushima  Koichi Ohno  Naoaki Matsuki  Hajime Tsujimoto 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(1):102-106

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Current status and future of land surface models     

Hisashi Sato  Akihiko Ito  Akinori Ito  Takashi Ise  Etsushi Kato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):34-47

Although climate conditions primarily determine the distribution and functioning of vegetation, vegetation also influences climate via biophysical and biogeochemical features such as evapotranspiration, albedo, carbon cycling, trace gas emissions and the roughness of the land surface. Forecasts of rapid climate change during the next 100~200 years, fueled by an increase in greenhouse gases, have motivated the development of land surface models (LSMs) that predict changes in vegetation functions. Here, we review how these models have been developed and used to simulate interactive processes between climate and the land surface. Current limitations and future perspectives of the LSMs are also presented.  相似文献   

Effect of soil solarization on subsequent nitrification activity at elevated temperatures     

Hirotaka Ihara  Naoto Kato  Shigeru Takahashi  Kazunari Nagaoka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):824-831

Soil solarization is a nonchemical method of soil disinfection achieved by covering the soil surface with sheets of vinyl plastic to generate elevated soil temperature, generally over 45°C. Such elevated temperatures may be detrimental to some nitrifying microorganisms and favorable to others. However, little information exists to indicate how nitrification activity in soil is affected after solarization. We performed several experiments to investigate the effects of soil solarization on nitrification activity. We found that: (1) if a soil was subjected to pretreatment of 45 or 50°C for as little as 1 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 30°C was less than that of a soil that did not receive any high-temperature pretreatment. However, if a soil received pretreatments of 45 or 50°C for more than 7 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 45 or 50°C was greater than that of soil that did not receive high temperature pretreatment. (2) Nitrification activity in three kinds of soil taken from 0–5 cm depth after solarization treatment was greater at 45°C than 30°C. (3) Nitrification activity at 45°C in soil that had received solarization in the preceding year was greater than that in soil that had not been subjected to solarization. This was consistent with the fact that the population densities of ammonia oxidizers were greater in soils that had been subjected to solarization. These results suggest that soil solarization induces nitrifying microorganisms that are more active at 45–50°C than they are at 30°C, and that the effect of solarization on nitrification persists until the next crop season.  相似文献   

Increase in soil carbon sequestration using rice husk charcoal without stimulating CH4 and N2O emissions in an Andosol paddy field in Japan     

Shinichi Koyama  Fumihiko Inazaki  Kazunori Minamikawa  Morio Kato  Hisayoshi Hayashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):873-884

Abstract

Biochar application has been recognized as an effective option for promoting carbon (C) sequestration, but it may also affect the production and consumption of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in soil. A 1-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk charcoal application on rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and the balance of greenhouse gas exchanges in an Andosol paddy field. The experiment compared the treatments of rice husk charcoal applied at 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha^?1 (RC10, RC20 and RC40, respectively), rice husk applied at 20 Mg ha^?1 (RH20), and the control (CONT). Rice straw and grain yields did not significantly differ among the treatments. The seasonal cumulative CH₄ emissions were 38–47% higher from RC10, RC20 and RC40 than from the CONT. However, the increases were not in proportion to the application rates of rice husk charcoal, and their values did not significantly differ from the CONT. On the contrary, the RH20 treatment significantly increased the cumulative CH₄ emission by 227% compared to the CONT. The N₂O emissions during the measurement were not affected by the treatments. As a result, the combined global warming potential (GWP) of CH₄ and N₂O emissions was significantly higher in RH20 than in the other treatments. There was a positive linear correlation between C storage in the top 10 cm of soil and the application rate of rice husk charcoal. The increases in soil C contents compared to the CONT corresponded to 98–149% of the C amounts added as rice husk charcoal and 41% of the C added as rice husk. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in the off season were not significantly different among RC10, RC20, RC40 and CONT, indicating that C added as rice husk charcoal remained in the soil during the fallow period. The CO₂ equivalent balance between soil C sequestration and the combined GWP indicates that the rice husk charcoal treatments stored more C in soil than the CONT, whereas the RH20 emitted more C than the CONT. These results suggest that rice husk charcoal application will contribute to mitigating global warming without sacrificing rice yields.  相似文献   

A computerized soil information system for arable land in Japan     

Yoshitake Kato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):299-309

A computerized soil information system was compared to manual punch card methods for storage and retrieval of Japanese soil survey data. In spite of the high cost, a soil information system using computers is the most appropriate system for the future, because by this method more than three factors can be analyzed simultaneously, various kinds of soil map data can be stored, retrieved and updated and many kinds of interpretative maps can be constructed automatically. There are large amounts of valuable soil survey data available in Japan which previously were used only for drawing soil maps. These should be utilized to develop a computerized soil information system. At the end of this report, essential processes and the possible structure of a Japanese Soil Information System were discussed.  相似文献