Variation and Segregation for Rachis Fragility in Spelt Wheat, Triticum Spelta L.     

I. Onishi  A. Hongo  T. Sasakuma  T. Kawahara  K. Kato  H. Miura 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):985-992

Spelt wheat, Triticum spelta L., has been proved to be rich-sources of useful genes for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and grain quality. But this crop plant has some undesirable traits including glume tenacity and brittle rachis. Free-threshing and reduced fragility of rachis are very important traits for cultivation. The objectives in the present study were to investigate genetic variation of rachis fragility in a wide range of spelt accessions, to examine its genetic segregation pattern, and to clarify if rachis fragility is associated with dosage of chromosome 5A in aneuploid lines of bread wheat. The results demonstrated that spelt germplasm contains a wide range of rachis toughness, and thus selection of spelt wheat with desirable characteristics combined with an appropriate level of tough rachis would be possible. Spike morphology in the F₂ plants was segregated into the three types, square-headed, speltoid, and compactoid. The F₂ plants with compactoid spikes had the most brittle rachis, followed by the speltoid and square-headed spike F₂ plants. Rachis fragility in bread wheat also had genetic variation and was associated with dosage of chromosome 5A.  相似文献   

The effect of alkaline dust decline on the precipitation chemistry in northern Japan     

I. Noguchi  T. Kato  M. Akiyama  H. Otsuka  Y. Matsumoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):2357-2362

The precipitation chemistry in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, has been investigated since 1982. This area has often been found to have high concentrations of alkaline road dust (asphalt dust) in the air, caused by the use of studded tires during the winter. It is well known that the composition of precipitation in these areas is often dominated by asphalt dust including calcium bicarbonate. However, recently the concentration of asphalt dust in the air has decreased owing to a ban on the use of studded tires. Simultaneously, in precipitation, the lowering of pH values and the increase of hydrogen ion depositions have been occurring owing to the decrease of non-sea-salt calcium ions (nss-Ca²⁺) concentrations and depositions derived from asphalt dust. In addition, we found that a decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ firstly leads to a decrease of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃ ^?), the counter ion to nss-Ca²⁺ in asphalt dust. Therefore, the increase of H⁺ concentrations and depositions was great in comparison with the decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ concentrations and depositions in areas where the HCO₃ ^?concentrations, varied by pH, and depositions had been low. Furthermore, this variation was mainly observed in the ionic composition of snow cover and snowfall at sites along the Japan Sea in northern Japan during winter. In this area, the Acid Shock effect may become a serious problem from the decline of pH values in melting snow. Moreover, we found that ammonium ions and non-sea-salt sulfate ions depositions have also been decreasing in response to a decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ depositions, derived from asphalt dust. It seems that this phenomenon is caused by the decrease of asphalt dust concentrations in the air.  相似文献   

Repression of HIV-1 transcription by a cellular protein   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

H Kato  M Horikoshi  R G Roeder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(5000):1476-1479

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Cathepsin K-dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis     

Asagiri M  Hirai T  Kunigami T  Kamano S  Gober HJ  Okamoto K  Nishikawa K  Latz E  Golenbock DT  Aoki K  Ohya K  Imai Y  Morishita Y  Miyazono K  Kato S  Saftig P  Takayanagi H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5863):624-627

Cathepsin K was originally identified as an osteoclast-specific lysosomal protease, the inhibitor of which has been considered might have therapeutic potential. We show that inhibition of cathepsin K could potently suppress autoimmune inflammation of the joints as well as osteoclastic bone resorption in autoimmune arthritis. Furthermore, cathepsin K-/- mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Pharmacological inhibition or targeted disruption of cathepsin K resulted in defective Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in dendritic cells in response to unmethylated CpG DNA, which in turn led to attenuated induction of T helper 17 cells, without affecting the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells. These results suggest that cathepsin K plays an important role in the immune system and may serve as a valid therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission     

Yurimoto H  Abe K  Abe M  Ebihara M  Fujimura A  Hashiguchi M  Hashizume K  Ireland TR  Itoh S  Katayama J  Kato C  Kawaguchi J  Kawasaki N  Kitajima F  Kobayashi S  Meike T  Mukai T  Nagao K  Nakamura T  Naraoka H  Noguchi T  Okazaki R  Park C  Sakamoto N  Seto Y  Takei M  Tsuchiyama A  Uesugi M  Wakaki S  Yada T  Yamamoto K  Yoshikawa M  Zolensky ME 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1116-1119

Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in (16)O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.  相似文献   

Strength properties of glued laminated timber made from edge-glued laminae II: bending,tensile, and compressive strength of glued laminated timber     

Yasushi?HiramatsuEmail author  Kiyohiko?Fujimoto  Atsushi?Miyatake  Kenta?Shindo  Hirofumi?Nagao  Hideo?Kato  Hirofumi?Ido 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(1):66-70

The purpose of this study was to investigate the strength properties of glued laminated timber composed of edge-glued laminae and to investigate the influence of edge gluing on the strength properties. Glued laminated timber composed of multiple-grade laminae (symmetrical composition, strength grade E95-F270, 10 laminations) was produced from karamatsu (Larix kaempferi) edge-glued laminae according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard. The bending, tensile, and compressive strengths of the glued laminated timber were measured. The average bending, tensile, and compressive strengths were 33.4, 24.5, and 35.9 MPa, respectively, and these values are almost equal to those of glued laminated timber composed of karamatsu single-piece laminae. It was determined that finger-joints and knots in the edge-glued laminae played a significant role in the failure of specimens. However, the use of glued edge-joints did not appear to affect the failure of specimens.  相似文献   

Promotion of intramuscular fat accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation     

Masaya KATSUMATA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):17-25

Recently, pork with marbling has received attention as good quality pork and scientists are required to develop methods to produce pork with reasonable amounts of intramuscular fat (IMF). The aim of this review is to describe studies relevant to promotion of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation. The main focus is on effect of dietary lysine levels. First, we found dietary low lysine up‐regulated glucose transporter protein 4 messenger (m)RNA expression in Longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) and Rhomboideus muscles. In addition, the proportion of oxidative fiber of both muscles was also enhanced by dietary low lysine. Because it has been observed that higher oxidative capacity is associated with higher IMF content, we hypothesized that dietary low lysine would promote IMF accumulation. Further, higher mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, a master regulator of adipogenesis, in both muscles induced by dietary low lysine, supported this hypothesis. Indeed, IMF content of L. dorsi muscle of finishing pigs given a low lysine diet for 2 months until reaching the market weight was twice that of pigs given a control diet. Possible underlying mechanisms of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle and future perspectives are also discussed in this review.  相似文献   

Influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane emissions from a straw-amended paddy soil     

Naoki Harada  Shigeto Otsuka  Masaya Nishiyama  Satoshi Matsumoto 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(1):46-51

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane (CH₄) emissions from a paddy soil where rice straw was incorporated or was surface-applied. During the cultivation, half of the pots were covered with aluminum foil, except for the minimum space for rice plants, to prevent ambient light reaching the floodwater or the soil surface. Growth of oxygen-producing phototrophs was hardly observed in the unilluminated plots, whereas intensive growth of algae, duckweed and hydrophytes was found in the illuminated ones. Plant growth was not affected by the different treatments. Seasonal changes in CH₄ emission determined by a closed chamber method indicated that illumination had no or only minor effects on CH₄ emissions when rice straw was incorporated or was not applied, but significantly reduced CH₄ emissions when rice straw was surface-applied. Methanogenesis occurring in the soil-floodwater interface was further investigated in two lab-scale model experiments measuring methanogenic activity. As a result, more activated methanogenesis was found in the surface-applied rice straw and the soil around the straw compared with the soil incubated without rice straw. The magnitude of the methanogenic activity in the rice straw incubated under illuminated conditions was significantly lower than that incubated in the dark. Consequently, this study demonstrates that methanogenesis in paddy soil occurs even in the soil-floodwater interface if plant residues like rice straw exist, and such methanogenesis is likely to be suppressed by growth of indigenous phototrophs under illumination.  相似文献   

Role of amyloid type cross beta-structure in the formation of soluble aggregate and gel in heat-induced ovalbumin     

Azakami H  Mukai A  Kato A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1254-1257

The heat-induced denaturation curve of ovalbumin followed by the ellipticity at 222 nm in circular dichroism spectra was consistent with that monitored by fluorescence with thioflavin T, which is an indication of amyloid fibril formation, while other proteins such as lysozyme and ovotransferrin did not fluoresce with thioflavin T during heat denaturation. The amount of soluble aggregate formed during heat denaturation was proportional to the increase in fluorescence with thioflavin T. The binding of soluble aggregates with thioflavin T was greatly suppressed in heat-denatured ovalbumin in the presence of thioflavin T. The similar inhibition effect of thioflavin T on the gel formation of heat-induced ovalbumin was observed. These results suggest that the amyloidogenic intermolecular beta-structure is involved in the formation of soluble aggregate and gel of heat-induced ovalbumin.  相似文献   

Determination of polysorbates in foods by colorimetry with confirmation by infrared spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H Kato  Y Nagai  K Yamamoto  Y Sakabe 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(1):27-29

A method is presented for the detection of polysorbates (PSs) in 8 kinds of processed foods by colorimetric and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) techniques. The PSs are extracted from processed foods with a mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol by using an Extrelut column. The extract is further purified by using a silica gel column. The PS extract is complexed with cobalt-thiocyanate (Cothiocyanate) reagent and is determined spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. The recoveries and coefficients of variation for 8 kinds of processed foods fortified with 0.1% PS 80 were 67.9-94.6% and 4.0-11.3%, respectively. The detection limit of TLC corresponded to 50 mg PS 80/kg. PS identity was confirmed by infrared spectrophotometry of PS extract, and gas chromatography of fatty acids and thin layer chromatography of POE-sorbitan residues after saponification.  相似文献