Radiation use efficiency,N accumulation and biomass production of high-yielding rice in aerobic culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keisuke Katsura  Midori Okami  Hiroaki Mizunuma  Yoichiro Kato 《Field Crops Research》2010

The concept of aerobic culture is to save water resource while maintaining high productivity in irrigated rice ecosystem. This study compared nitrogen (N) accumulation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in the biomass production of rice crops in aerobic and flooded cultures. The total water input was 800–1300 mm and 1500–3500 mm in aerobic culture and flooded culture, respectively, and four high-yielding rice cultivars were grown with a high rate of N application (180 kg N ha⁻¹) at two sites (Tokyo and Osaka) in Japan in 2007 and 2008. The aboveground biomass and N accumulation at maturity were significantly higher in aerobic culture (17.2–18.5 t ha⁻¹ and 194–233  kg N ha⁻¹, respectively) than in flooded culture (14.7–15.8 t ha⁻¹ and 142–173 kg N ha⁻¹) except in Tokyo in 2007, where the surface soil moisture content frequently declined. The crop maintained higher N uptake in aerobic culture than in flooded culture, because in aerobic culture there was a higher N accumulation rate in the reproductive stage. RUE in aerobic culture was comparable to, or higher than, that in flooded culture (1.27–1.50 g MJ⁻¹ vs. 1.20–1.37 g MJ⁻¹), except in Tokyo in 2007 (1.30 g MJ⁻¹ vs. 1.37 g MJ⁻¹). These results suggest that higher biomass production in aerobic culture was attributable to greater N accumulation, leading to higher N concentration (N%) than in flooded culture. Cultivar differences in response to water regimes were thought to reflect differences in mainly (1) early vigor and RUE under temporary declines in soil moisture in aerobic culture and (2) the ability to maintain high N% in flooded culture.  相似文献   

Development of introgression lines of an Indica-type rice variety, IR64, for unique agronomic traits and detection of the responsible chromosomal regions     

Daisuke Fujita  Rizza E. Santos  Leodegario A. Ebron  Mary J. Telebanco-Yanoria  Hiroshi Kato  Sohei Kobayashi  Yusaku Uga  Etsuko Araki  Toshiyuki Takai  Hiroshi Tsunematsu  Tokio Imbe  Gurdev S. Khush  Darshan S. Brar  Yoshimichi Fukuta  Nobuya Kobayashi   《Field Crops Research》2009,114(2):244-254

A total of 334 introgression lines (INLs: BC₃-derived lines) derived from crosses between a recurrent parent of Indica rice cultivar IR64 and 10 donor parents, including new plant type (NPT) lines IR65600-87-2-2-3, IR65598-112-2, IR65564-2-2-3, IR69093-41-2-3-2, IR69125-25-3-1-1, Hoshiaoba, IR66215-44-2-3, IR68522-10-2-2, IR71195-AC1, and IR66750-6-2-1, have been developed. These INLs with IR64 genetic background were characterized for eight agronomic traits: days to heading, culm length, leaf width, leaf length, panicle length, panicle number, 100-grain weight, and total spikelet number per panicle at the International Rice Research Institute from 2005 to 2007. To identify introgressed segments from the donor parents, genotypes of the 334 INLs were detected using more than 200 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. These segments detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 were commonly introgressed across the INLs from more than four donor varieties. Based on the data of phenotype and genotype for the 334 INLs, associations between agronomic traits and introgressed chromosomal segments in the 334 INLs were investigated. A total of 54 regions for the eight traits were detected: seven regions for days to heading, eight regions for culm length, eight regions for leaf width, four regions for leaf length, six regions for panicle length, three regions for panicle number per plant, seven regions for 100-grain weight, and 11 regions for total spikelet number per panicle. Among them, the region on the long arm of chromosome 4 was associated with characteristics of the NPT such as long leaf, broad leaf, and high spikelet number. The developed 334 INLs with the IR64 genetic background will be useful materials for genetic analysis of agronomic traits.  相似文献   

Improved control of black rot of broccoli caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas campestris</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">campestris</Emphasis> using a bacteriophage and a nonpathogenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas</Emphasis> sp. strain     

Hirofumi Nagai  Noriyuki Miyake  Shinro Kato  Daisuke Maekawa  Yasuhiro Inoue  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(6):373-381

We examined the potential for biological control of black rot of broccoli, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), using nonpathogenic Xanthomonas sp. strain 11-100-01 (npX) mixed with bacteriophage XcpSFC211 (pXS). Inoculation of intact broccoli plants in greenhouse trials with either npX or pXS did not control black rot. After injured plant inoculation, however, npX alone or npX with pXS significantly controlled black rot. When a mixed suspension of npX with pXS was placed on a membrane filter, then washed with distilled water and air-dried, a substantial amount of pXS adsorbed to the surface of npX. In a field trial, broccoli plants were sprayed with a suspension of npX with pXS, then inoculated with Xcc. A meta-analysis of the results from five field trials showed an integrated risk ratio (IRR, the ratio of disease incidence in inoculated broccoli plants to the incidence in control plants) of 0.69 after treatment with only npX and 0.59 with npX with pXS, indicating that black rot incidence was significantly reduced by each treatment. The difference between these two treatments was also significant. IRR was 1.24 when comparing suppression by npX with pXS and that by basic copper sulfate wettable powder; thus, their control was comparable. The combination of npX with pXS improved the preventive effect against black rot. This is the first report describing that a nonpathogenic Xanthomonas sp. strain mixed with a bacteriophage effectively controlled black rot of broccoli in field trials.  相似文献   

Unreduced 3x gamete formation of allotriploid hybrid derived from the cross of Primula denticulata (4x)?×?P. rosea (2x) as a causal factor for producing pentaploid hybrids in the backcross with pollen of tetraploid P. denticulata     

Mai Hayashi  Juntaro Kato  Hiroaki Ohashi  Masahiro Mii 《Euphytica》2009,169(1):123-131

A triploid hybrid, which was obtained from interspecific crosses between tetraploid Primula denticulata (2n = 4x = 44) and P. rosea (2n = 2x = 22), successfully produced 11 plants by backcrossing with pollen of tetraploid P. denticulata. Analysis of ploidy level using flow cytometry and chromosome counting in the 11 BC₁ plants revealed that all progeny had much larger DNA contents and chromosome number than both parents. In this triploid-tetraploid (3x–4x) crossing, progeny was predominantly true or near pentaploid presumably produced by the fertilization between true or near triploid female gamete produced from triploid hybrid and diploid pollen of tetraploid P. denticulata. These results suggest that unreduced (3x) or near triploid female gametes were partially produced by single step meiosis, either first-division restitution or second-division restitution process. The zygotes formed by the fertilization between true or near triploid egg produced by single step meiosis in triploid hybrid and diploid pollen produced by normal meiosis of tetraploid P. denticulata might be the only survivors in embryogenesis.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sustainability in Eastern Amazon under proambiente program     

J. S. R. Oliveira  O. R. Kato  T. F. Oliveira  J. C. B. Queiroz 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,78(3):185-191

This study evaluates the sustainability of the innovative practices of smallholders who have extended their traditional farming and backyard gardening to other production parcels, such as agroforest systems in Eastern Amazon, Northeast Pará, under the PROAMBIENTE Program at Capim River Pole. According to these smallholders, these practices have assured food supplies and yields with the inclusion into the consumer market through produce diversity obtained by agroforest arrangement and increased purchase of material goods to the system. The smallholders’ perceptions also permit the evaluation of the sustainability of their experiences through the “Amoeba” method, which consolidates economic, social, cultural, and environmental indicators.  相似文献   

Contribution of leucocytes to the origin of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in milk of bovine mastitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K Kato  K Mori  N Katoh 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(3):530-539

The isozyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of bovine milks are different in normal (LDH1 is predominant) and mastitic milks. We surveyed LDH isozymes of mastitic milks, and found that the isozyme patterns could be separated into two groups, mastitic milk A (higher proportions of LDH1,2 and lower proportions of LDH3-5) and mastitic milk B (relative decrease of LDH1 and increase of LDH2-5, particularly LDH3-5). To elucidate the origin of LDH isozymes in the mastitic milks, the isozyme patterns of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets and lymphocytes (T and B cells) were examined. The patterns of granulocytes and lymphocytes were similar to those of mastitic milks A and B, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed the presence of marker proteins of granulocytes and lymphocytes in mastitic milks A and B, respectively. These results suggested that granulocytes and lymphocytes at least partly contributed to the origin of LDH isozymes in the mastitic milks.  相似文献   

Magnificent expression of asialo GM1 on thymus cells and spleen T cells of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus.     

E Esaki  M Okada  Y Fujii  Y Nagai  J Kitoh  N Kato  M Naiki 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1992,15(2):103-115

The expression of asialo GM1 (GA1) was observed on almost all thymocytes from young musk shrew, at the age of 4 weeks by flow cytometric analysis. In adult shrew aged 10 months, the ratio of GA1-negative thymocytes was increased. Among several anti-glycolipid antibodies used, anti-GM1 and anti-Forssman also reacted with the thymocytes. Protein fraction of the thymocytes was analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Anti-GA1 and anti-GM1 showed two bands and one band, respectively, however, their mobilities were different from each other. Anti-Forssman did not stain any protein. The GA1-positive population in spleen T cell fraction was not detected in young shrew but most of the T cells were changed to GA1-positive cells in adult shrew. When mixed lymphocyte culture was performed, the GA1-negative spleen T cells in young shrew were changed to express GA1 marker on their cell surface by differentiation. Abbreviations used were as follows: GA1, Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer; GM1, Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4(NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer; Forssman, GalNAc alpha 1-3GalNAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer.  相似文献   

Characterization of feline T and B cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Kuramochi  M Takeishi  T Ishida  K Kato  M Ishida 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(2):183-185

Feline peripheral-blood lymphocyte populations (n = 22) were examined for the following markers: rosette formation with guinea pig erythrocytes (GPE-T cells), rosette formation with human RBC (HRBC-T cells), rosette formation with sheep RBC, mixed rosette formation with GPE-T cells and HRBC-T cells (total T cells), erythrocyte antibody-complement rosettes, and surface immunoglobulin. An average of 28% +/- 7% (range, 16% to 39%) of the feline lymphocytes formed rosettes with GPE-T cells, and 27% +/- 7% (range, 11% to 36%), with HRBC-T cells. An average of 57% +/- 9% (range, 33% to 75%) of the lymphocytes formed mixed rosettes. The erythrocyte antibody-complement rosette-forming cells and surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (10% +/- 6% and 24% +/- 8%, respectively). The murine monoclonal antibodies OKT 11 and HuLy-m1, specific for a framework determinant of human E-rosette receptor antigens, cross-reacted with feline cell membrane molecules recognizing a bimolecular complex (45,000 to 50,000 daltons) similar to that described in persons. We investigated the distribution of these E-rosette receptor-like antigens on feline lymphocytes. By complement-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, about 30% of the feline lymphocytes expressed the antigens. When lymphocytes were treated with HuLy-m1 antibody, spontaneous rosette formation with HRBC-T cells was significantly inhibited.  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging of a canine eye with melanoma     

Kato K  Nishimura R  Sasaki N  Matsunaga S  Mochizuki M  Nakayama H  Ogawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(2):179-182

An 8-year-old Beagle dog had exophthalmos of the left eye for the last two past months. On ophthalmoscopy, the intraocular lesion could not be evaluated due to the opacity of the cornea. Ultrasonography revealed that the eyeball was distorted in shape and shifted in position, however, the precise lesion could not be identified. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the lesion was observed as hyperintense on T1-weighted and hypointense on T2-weighted images, similar to those reported in human melanoma. The lesion was histologically diagnosed to be malignant intraocular melanoma. Though this is only a case report, canine ocular melanoma may show the similar characteristic MR images as in human uveal malignant melanoma.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pet reptiles in Japan     

Nakadai A  Kuroki T  Kato Y  Suzuki R  Yamai S  Yaginuma C  Shiotani R  Yamanouchi A  Hayashidani H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(1):97-101

From November 2000 to July 2002, 112 fecal samples from pet reptiles, including 18 turtles, 71 lizards and 23 snakes, sold at a pet shop were examined for the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Japan. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 83 (74.1%) of 112 samples, and a total of 112 Salmonella isolates were identified as subspecies I to IV. The majority of isolates (62.5%) belonged to subspecies I and 54 isolates could be identified as any of 28 serovars. The predominant serovars were found to be S. Bardo, S. Newport and S. Panama, which cause human salmonellosis. These results indicate that pet reptiles may be a potential infectious source of human salmonellosis in Japan.  相似文献