First report of QoI resistance in Italian population of Pyricularia oryzae     

Tenni  Daniele  Sinetti  Alice  Waldner  Maya  Torriani  Stefano F. F.  Romani  Marco 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(6):1705-1709

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, is considered the most destructive rice disease in Italy. Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)...  相似文献   

Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks     

Kosuke SODA  Maya YAMANE  Chiharu HIDAKA  Kozue MIURA  Trang T. H. UNG  Hang L. K. NGUYEN  Hiroshi ITO  Mai Q. LE  Toshihiro ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1899

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.  相似文献   

Negative cross-resistance to N-phenylanilines in benzimidazole- resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea,Venturia nashicola and Venturia inaequalis     

Gyula Josepovits  Maya Gasztonyi  Gyula Mikite 《Pest management science》1992,35(3):237-242

A new series of compounds with high contra-selective activity against benomyl-resistant fungal strains was found among ring-substituted N-phenyl-anilines. Hydrophobic substitution in one of the benzene rings, together with the secondary amine character of the molecule, are important factors for high fungitoxicity. The sensitivities of benomyl-resistant isolates to some representatives of the N-phenylanilines equal or even surpass their sensitivity to diethofencarb or MDPC. The negative cross-resistance with benzimdazole fungicides is valid for strains of Botrytis cinerea, Venturia nashicola and Venturia inaequalis. The strains of B. cinerea with double insensitivity to benzimidazoles and phenyl-carbamates are insensitive also to N-phenylanilines. However, the similarly double-insensitive strain of V. nashicola was found to be just as sensitive to the N-phenylanilines tested as the strain resistant only to benzimidazoles. The latter result revealed an important bonus compared with diethofencarb. Preventive application of one of the most active representatives of the N-phenylanilines to young cucumber plants was effective against infection with benomyl-resistant isolates of B. cinerea. Moderate apical translocation after root-dipping was also observed.  相似文献   

Cytoskyrins and cytosporones produced by Cytospora sp. CR200: taxonomy, fermentation and biological activities          下载免费PDF全文

Singh MP  Janso JE  Brady SF 《Marine drugs》2007,5(3):71-84

In screening endophytic fungi from Costa Rica for bioactivity, fungal culture CR200, isolated from a buttonwood tree, was found to contain compounds that initiate DNA damage in a test strain of E. coli (Biochemical Induction Assay, BIA) and inhibit growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Two new bisanthraquinones (cytoskyrins A and B) and five new related octaketides (cytosporones A-E) were isolated from fermentation broths of this fungus. Cytoskyrin A exhibited potent in-vitro antibacterial (MICs against Gram-positive bacteria, 0.03 – 0.25 μg/mL) and DNA-damaging activities (10 ng/spot), whereas cytoskyrin B was inactive in these assays. Among the cytosporones, only D and E exhibited Gram-positive activity, but they were inactive in the BIA. Mechanistically, cytoskyrin A specifically inhibited DNA synthesis in E. coli imp at its MIC; however, it also moderately inhibited protein synthesis at 2x its MIC. Cytoskyrin A exhibited poor cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines (IC₅₀ > 5 μg/mL) compared to known antitumor agents. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of CR200 was found to share highest similarity (94–96%) with Cytospora spp. Micro- and macroscopic morphological observations of the conidia and conidiomata, respectively, also suggested this fungus to be a Cytospora sp.  相似文献   

Recent spreading of a divergent canine parvovirus type 2a (CPV-2a) strain in a CPV-2c homogenous population     

Pérez R  Bianchi P  Calleros L  Francia L  Hernández M  Maya L  Panzera Y  Sosa K  Zoller S 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(2-4):214-219

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), which causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, is comprised of three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed worldwide with different frequencies. Variant prevalence was analyzed in 150 CPV-2-positive samples collected from the Uruguayan dog population in 2007-2010. Samples were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequencing of the coding region for the largest and most variable loop of the VP2 capsid protein. CPV-2c was the only strain detected from 2007 to 2009. Uruguayan CPV-2c showed high homogeneity in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences, indicating a low level of genetic variability. In 2010, an unexpected epidemiological change occurred in Uruguay as a consequence of the appearance of a novel CPV-2a strain. This variant rapidly spread through the Uruguayan dog population and was detected in 20 of the 52 cases (38%) analyzed in 2010. CPV-2a sequences were identical in all field viruses analyzed, and in addition to the characteristic 426Asn residue, the sequences showed amino acid substitutions (267Tyr, 324Ile, and 440Ala) not observed in the Uruguayan CPV-2c. These data and the first detection in April 2010 suggest that the CPV-2a variant recently emerged in Uruguay and underwent clonal expansion. This observation is the first case in which a CPV-2a variant increased its frequency in a dog population where CPV-2c was prevalent. Our results emphasize the dynamic changes in CPV variants and highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance programs to provide a better understanding of virus epidemiology.  相似文献   

Further studies in increased sensitivity to N-phenylanilines in benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea and Venturia nashicola     

Hideo Ishii  Gyula Josepovits  Maya Gasztonyi  Tamiko Miura 《Pest management science》1995,43(3):189-193

The ring-substituted N-phenylanilines, N-(3-chlorophenyl)aniline (MC-1) and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)aniline (MC-2) were tested for their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. and Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto. In both fungi, increased sensitivity to MC-1 and MC-2 was clearly observed in ‘highly carbendazim-resistant, diethofencarb-sensitive’ (HR, S) phenotypes. Sensitivity was low in ‘carbendazim-sensitive, diethofencarb-resistant’ (S, R) and ‘intermediately carbendazim-resistant, diethofencarb-resistant’ (IR, R) strains. On cucumber cotyledons, other strains of B. cinerea, possessing the phenotype ‘highly carbendazim-resistant, diethofencarb-resistant’ (HR, R) were not controlled by either MC-1 or MC-2. Response to MC-2 was also examined using random ascospore progenies from V. nashicola crosses. In these progenies, high-level carbendazim resistance and MC-2 sensitivity always segregated together. Sensitivity to MC-2 is controlled by a single gene which is either identical to or very closely linked to one conferring high-level resistance to carbendazim.  相似文献   

The yin and yang of corpus luteum-derived endothelial cells: balancing life and death     

Meidan R  Levy N  Kisliouk T  Podlovny L  Rusiansky M  Klipper E 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(2):318-328

A dense network of capillaries irrigates the corpus luteum (CL) allowing an intricate cross talk between luteal steroiodgenic and endothelial cell (EC) types. Indeed, luteal endothelial cells (LEC) play pivotal roles throughout the entire CL life-span. Microvascular endothelial cells are locally specialized to accommodate the needs of individual tissues, therefore unraveling the characteristics of LEC is imperative in CL physiology. Numerous studies demonstrated that endothelium-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) is upregulated by the luteolytic hormone-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and functions as an important element of the luteolytic cascade. To have a better insight on its synthesis and action, members of ET system (ET-1, ET converting enzyme -ECE-1 and ET(A) and ET(B) receptors) were quantified in LEC. The characteristic phenotype of these cells, identified by high ET-1 receptor expression (both ET(A), ET(B)) and low ET-1 and ECE-1 levels, was gradually lost during culture suggesting that luteal microenvironment sustains the selective phenotype of its resident endothelial cells. Proper vascularization and endothelial cell activity per se are essential for normal CL function. Therefore, factors affecting vascular growth are expected to play major role in the regulation of luteal function. Concomitantly with the angiogenic process, luteal PGF2alpha and its receptors (PGFR) are induced and maintained during most of the CL life-span, suggesting a possible role of PGF2alpha in LEC proliferation and function. Dispersed LEC expressed PGFR and incubation with the prostaglandin stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. PGF2alpha activated p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation also in long-term cultured LEC. In this cell type, PGF2alpha increased cell number, 3H-Thymidine incorporation and cell survival. Additionally, PGF2alpha rapidly and transiently stimulated the expression of immediate-early response genes, i.e. c-fos and c-jun mRNA, further suggesting a mitogenic effect for this prostaglandin in LEC. These data imply that PGF2alpha may assume different and perhaps opposing roles depending on luteal microenvironment.  相似文献   

Spontaneous feline hypertension: clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities,and survival rate     

Chetboul V  Lefebvre HP  Pinhas C  Clerc B  Boussouf M  Pouchelon JL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(1):89-95

Systemic hypertension was diagnosed in 58 of 188 untreated cats referred for evaluation of suspected hypertension-associated ocular, neurologic. cardiorespiratory, and urinary disease, or diseases frequently associated with hypertension (hyperthyroidism and chronic renal failure). Hypertensive cats were significantly older than normotensive subjects (13.0 +/- 3.5 years versus 9.6 +/- 5.0 years; P < .01), and had a greater prevalence of retinal lesions (48 versus 3%; P < .001), gallop rhythm (16 versus 0%; P < .001), and polyuria-polydipsia (53 versus 29%: P < .01). Blood pressure was significantly higher (P < .001) in cats with retinopathies (262 +/- 34 mm Hg) than in other hypertensive animals (221 +/- 34 mm Hg). Hypertensive cats had a thicker interventricular septum (5.8 +/- 1.7 versus 3.7 +/- 0.64 mm; P < .001) and left ventricular free wall (6.2 +/- 1.6 versus 4.1 +/- 0.51 mm; P < .001) and a reduced diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (13.5 +/- 3.2 versus 15.8 +/- 0.72 mm; P < .001) than control cats. Left ventricular geometry was abnormal in 33 of 39 hypertensive subjects. No significant difference was found in age or blood pressure at the initial visit between cats that died or survived over a 9-month period after initial diagnosis of hypertension. Mean survival times were not significantly different between hypertensive cats with normal and abnormal left ventricular patterns. Further prospective studies are needed to clearly identify the factors involved in survival time in hypertensive cats.  相似文献   

Diagnostic potential of natriuretic peptides in the occult phase of golden retriever muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy     

Chetboul V  Tessier-Vetzel D  Escriou C  Tissier R  Carlos C  Boussouf M  Pouchelon JL  Blot S  Derumeaux G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(6):845-850

The objective of the study was to determine whether the plasma concentrations of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively) could be reliable markers of cardiac alterations during occult cardiomyopathy in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Fifty Golden Retrievers without any clinical or radiographic sign of heart disease were included in this study (21 GRMD dogs and 29 controls). Controls and GRMD dogs were divided into 2 subgroups according to age (< and > or =12 months old, respectively). All dogs underwent echocardiography and determination of BNP and ANP plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. No ventricular dilatation or dysfunction was observed in either control or GRMD dogs. ANP plasma concentration did not differ significantly between controls and GRMD dogs (mean +/- SD = 72 +/- 49 versus 58 +/- 23 pg/mL, respectively, P = .21). This finding was confirmed in both subgroups of dogs (ie, those < and > or =12 months old). In contrast, BNP plasma concentrations were significantly higher in GRMD dogs than in controls (mean +/- SD = 117 +/- 92 versus 46 +/- 22 pg/mL, respectively, P < .05). In dogs > or =12 months old, sensitivity and specificity of BNP for identifying GRMD with a cutoff of 65 pg/mL were 78 and 86%, respectively. For the same cutoff value, sensitivity dropped to 42%, whereas specificity reached 100% in dogs <12 months old. In conclusion, BNP may be a useful biochemical marker of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. However, this peptide does not allow very early detection because its optimal discriminatory power was observed in adult dogs (ie, > or =12 months of age).  相似文献   

Making the user visible: analysing irrigation practices and farmers’ logic to explain actual drip irrigation performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maya Benouniche  Marcel Kuper  Ali Hammani  Harm Boesveld 《Irrigation Science》2014,32(6):405-420

The actual performance of drip irrigation (irrigation efficiency, distribution uniformity) in the field is often quite different from that obtained in experimental stations. We developed an approach to explain the actual irrigation performance of drip irrigation systems by linking measured performances to farmers’ irrigation practices, and these practices to the underlying logic of farmers who operate these systems. This approach was applied to 22 farms in Morocco. Four sets of variables helped explain the gap between the actual irrigation performance and the performance obtained in experimental conditions: (1) farmers have agro-economic motivations or want to improve their social status, and for them, irrigation performance is at best an intermediate objective. (2) Irrigation performance is not a static value, but a rapidly evolving process, related to the (perceived) ability of farmers to change irrigation practices and renew irrigation equipment, but also to farmers’ aspirations. (3) The social network of farmers, supporting the introduction and use of drip irrigation, determines how farmers may share experience, information and know-how related to drip irrigation. (4) Today, there is no social pressure to irrigate carefully to save water; only the state explicitly links the use of drip irrigation to saving water. Making the drip user visible in research and policy studies would lead to more realistic assessments of irrigation performance and draw the attention of policy makers to the actual conditions in which drip irrigation is used, and as a consequence help incorporate ‘saving water’ as an objective for drip irrigation users.  相似文献